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1、文化教育型阅读理解文化教育型阅读理解 2021/8/9 星期一1专题导读专题导读专题五专题五 专题导读专题导读文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一，它以文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一，它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言和文化的关系。阅读材料学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言
2、和文化的关系。阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地了更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识。解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识。2021/8/9 星期一2专题五专题五 专题导读专题导读这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1)采用先题后采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一些，如果带着问题读文章
3、，有利于我们抓说事实细节题稍多一些，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。细节。(2)先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。(3)重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是一类是Main idea型；一类是型；一类是Topic或或Title型。型。2021/8/9 星期一3真题典例真题典例专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例【2011广东卷广东卷】Can dogs and cats
4、 live in perfect harmony in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe for success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still you
5、ng(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.2021/8/9 星期一4专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例However,it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported co
6、ldness between the cat and dog in 25%of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite.For example,when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression,while a dog doing the same signals submi
7、ssion.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,researchers observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk each others language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog，and dogs can learn how to talk Cat2021/8/9 星期一5专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例Whats interesting is that both cats and
8、 dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language,cats and dogs can play together,greet each other nose to nose,and
9、enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳梳理理)each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along,including neighbors,colleagues at work,and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs c
10、an learn to get along,surely people have a good chance.2021/8/9 星期一6专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例()1.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.AearlyBsweetlyCquickly Dsmoothly()2.Some cats and dogs may fight when _.Athey are cold to each otherBthey look away from each otherCthey mis
11、understand each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age()3.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?AThey eat and sleep together.BThey observe each others behaviors.CThey learn to speak each others language.DThey know something from each others voices.2021/8/9 星期一7专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例()4.I
12、t is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.Ahave common interestsBare less different than was thoughtChave a common body languageDare less intelligent than was expected()5.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony.BWe should know more about animals
13、.CWe should live in peace with animals.DWe should learn more body languages.2021/8/9 星期一8专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例 【解析解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的，而他们不能和平相处是在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的，而他们不能和平相处是由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处
14、。1D词义猜测题。由第一段词义猜测题。由第一段“A recent research has found a new recipe for success.”可知猫和狗也可以平静友好可知猫和狗也可以平静友好地相处，因此意义最接近的是地相处，因此意义最接近的是D项。项。2C细节理解题。根据第二段细节理解题。根据第二段“while aggression and fighting were observed in 10%of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposi
15、te.”可知选可知选C。2021/8/9 星期一9专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例3C细节理解题。根据文章第三段细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,researchers observed a surprising behaviour.They are learning how to talk each others language.”可知选可知选C。4B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“They can learn to read each others body signals,
16、suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected.”可知可知选选B。5A推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知。2021/8/9 星期一10专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测(一一)A few years ago,I took a sightseeing trip to Washington，D.C.Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center,I heard a voice say,“Can you help me？”Wh
17、en I turned around,I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended(伸展伸展)In a natural reflex(反射反射),I reached into my pocket,pulled out all of my loose change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her.I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar.But the blind woman smiled and said,“I do
18、nt want your money.I just need help finding the post office.”新题预测新题预测2021/8/9 星期一11专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测In an instant,I realized what I had done.I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be.I hated what I saw in myself.This incident reawakened my belief in humility(谦恭谦恭),even though Id
19、lost it for a moment.The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant(移移民民)I left Honduras and arrived in the US.at the age of 15.I started my new life with two suitcases,my brother and sister,and a strong,seriousminded mother.Through the years,I have been a dishwasher,mechanic and p
20、izza delivery driver among many other humble(卑微的卑微的)jobs,and eventually I became a network engineer.2021/8/9 星期一12专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测In my own life,I have experienced many open acts of prejudice.I remember a time,at age 17,I worked as a waiter,and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not
21、do well in school,he would end up like me.I have also witnessed the same treatment of my family and friends,so I know what its like,and I should have known better.But now,living in my American middleclass lifestyle,it is too easy to forget my past,to forget who I am and where I have been,and to lose
22、 sight of where I want to be going.That blind woman on the streets of Washington，D.C.,cured me of my blindness.She reminded me of my belief in humility and to always keep my eyes and heart open.By the way,I helped that lady to the post office.And in writing this essay,I hope to thank her for the pri
23、celess lesson.2021/8/9 星期一13专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测()1.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_.Athe author regretted his act of prejudiceBthe blind woman needed the money badlyCthe author was as poor as the blind womanDthe author was a native American()2.According to Paragraph 4,hearing the fathers
24、 words,the author was probably_.Arather hurtBvery excitedCdeeply movedDgreatly inspired 2021/8/9 星期一14专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测()3.According to the passage,the author probably agrees that one should_.Abe nice to the elderly and the disabledBtry to experience different kinds of lifeCtreat others equally with l
25、ove and respectDthink about ones past as often as possible()4.According to the passage,how many statements are TRUE?aI was not born in America.bI was impatient with the blind woman at first.cI wouldnt like to help the blind woman at all.dI have a rather rich life now.eI once was ashamed of my first
26、jobs.A2.B3.C4.D5.2021/8/9 星期一15专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测()5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ALearn from your pastBHow my dream comes trueCA belief that will never changeDA priceless lesson in the street2021/8/9 星期一16专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测【解析解析】一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作者却想当
27、然地认为她是在乞讨。之后作者知道自己错了，羞者却想当然地认为她是在乞讨。之后作者知道自己错了，羞愧难当，经深刻反省后，端正了思想认识。愧难当，经深刻反省后，端正了思想认识。1A事实推理题。根据第二段前两句事实推理题。根据第二段前两句In an instant,I realized what I had done.和和I judged another.she had to be.再再联系第四段联系第四段acts of prejudice可知，作者知道自己错了，不该可知，作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。2A推理判断题。根据第四段第二句推理判断题。根据第四段
28、第二句I remember a time.end up like me.可知，当时那个小孩的父亲把作者当成可知，当时那个小孩的父亲把作者当成了反例来教育孩子，作者可能受到了很大的伤害。了反例来教育孩子，作者可能受到了很大的伤害。3C推理判断题。帮助盲人这件事并不大，但作者深推理判断题。帮助盲人这件事并不大，但作者深刻反省，认识到不应该对弱势群体持有偏见。刻反省，认识到不应该对弱势群体持有偏见。C项说法与作项说法与作者的意图一致。者的意图一致。2021/8/9 星期一17专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测4C细节理解题。从第三段第一、二句话可知细节理解题。从第三段第一、二句话可知a正确，正确，从最后
29、一句话可知从最后一句话可知e正确，从第一段可知正确，从第一段可知b正确，从最后一段可正确，从最后一段可知知d正确，从本文最后的结果可知作者后来帮助了那个失明的正确，从本文最后的结果可知作者后来帮助了那个失明的老妇人，故老妇人，故c叙述有误，故本题答案为叙述有误，故本题答案为C。5D归纳标题题。主要根据在末段第二、三句归纳标题题。主要根据在末段第二、三句That blind womanof my blindness.She reminded me.and heart open.关关键词语是末段第二句的键词语是末段第二句的on the streets和最后一句的和最后一句的the priceles
30、s lesson。2021/8/9 星期一18专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测(二二)Just what is a tiger mother?Amy Chua is a law professor at Americas Yale University and her recent book on the subject is making waves.Shes been called“dangerous”，“outrageous”，even a“monster”for her descriptions of how she brought up her two daughters.Her bo
31、ok Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describes fighting with a daughter for hours at the piano to ensure the child gets a piece of music right.She rejected birthday cards made for her by her girls because she didnt think they had made enough effort.She compared one child negatively with the other,thre
32、atening to burn their toys.Her rules include:schoolwork always comes first;an Aminus is a bad grade;children must be two2021/8/9 星期一19专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测years ahead of their classmates in math,and playing the violin or the piano is a must.Ms.Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creatin
33、g happy,successful childrenat least in her case.Although shes had a large amount of flak for her theories,one thing cant be ignoredthe success of Chinese children in the education system.In Britain,shocking research shows that Chinese girls,for example,are outperforming all other foreign groups at G
34、CSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades,compared with 58 percent of white British girls.So what is it about Chinese parenting thats leading to high achievers?And how do Amy Chuas theories play into that success?2021/8/9 星期一20专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测She told me that if her daughter came back from school with 96/100
35、 in a test,Chua would ask her what happened to the other 4 points.Its about always knowing“you can do better”，she told me.Interestingly,in China,the birthplace of the tiger mother,people are moving away from traditional Chinese parenting.They are following more western parenting styles.2021/8/9 星期一2
36、1专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测()1.After reading Amy Chuas recent book,the public _.Afeel very sorry for their own childrenBconsider her a very successful motherCrealize their methods of bringing up children are wrongDdont think highly of her methods of bringing up her children()2.What can we learn about Amy Chua
37、according to Paragraph 2?AShe is very strict with her children.BShe doesnt think her children are clever.CShe is very interested in playing the piano.DShe knows playing is important to children.2021/8/9 星期一22专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测()3.Paragraph 4 shows that _.AChinese parents dont think grades are very impo
38、rtantBChinese children are cleverer than British childrenCChinese parents are proud of their childrenDChinese children do well in their study()4.The underlined word“flak”in the third paragraph probably means“_”Aattention BcriticismCcuriosity Dcontribution()5.It can be inferred from the text that _.A
39、Amy Chua will change her methodsBAmy Chua considers her methods usefulCAmy Chuas children dont love their motherDAmy Chuas children prefer western parenting styles2021/8/9 星期一23专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测【解析解析】Amy Chua写了一本关于教育她的孩子的书，书写了一本关于教育她的孩子的书，书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。1D推理判断题。根据第一段可
40、推断出大众对推理判断题。根据第一段可推断出大众对Amy Chua的教育方法评价不高。的教育方法评价不高。2A推理判断题。根据第二段可知推理判断题。根据第二段可知Amy Chua对她的孩对她的孩子很严厉。子很严厉。3D细节理解题。根据第四段中细节理解题。根据第四段中Chinese girls，for example，are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades.可知中国的孩子学习成绩比可知中国的孩子学习成绩比较好。较好。2021/8/9 星期一24专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 4B词义猜测题。尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多词义猜测题。尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多批评，但是有一点不容忽视批评，但是有一点不容忽视中国孩子在教育上的成功。中国孩子在教育上的成功。5B推理判断题。根据第三段中推理判断题。根据第三段中Ms.Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy，successful children.可推断出可推断出Amy Chua认为她的教育方法很有用。认为她的教育方法很有用。2021/8/9 星期一252021/8/9 星期一26