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1、Listening2021/8/11 星期三11.Read these words and then listen to 1.Read these words and then listen to the tape.Circle those aids that early the tape.Circle those aids that early sailors used to find their way.sailors used to find their pass maps fish movementsstars weather wavescurrents clouds rainfall
2、birds other ships mountains2021/8/11 星期三22.Listen to the tape again and fill in 2.Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart.the chart.Sailors fromSea or OceanSkillsPhoeniciaMediterraneanUsed the sky to find their wayNorthPolynesiaNorway Pacific Studied the waves of the ocean Watched birds to fi
3、nd land 2021/8/11 星期三33.These are some Viking sailing 3.These are some Viking sailing directions from Norway to Greenland.directions from Norway to Greenland.Sail west but keep to the north of the Sail west but keep to the north of the Shetland Islands so you can hardly see Shetland Islands so you c
4、an hardly see them in good weather.them in good weather.Stay far enough south of the Faroes so Stay far enough south of the Faroes so that their steep mountains are just that their steep mountains are just halfway up the horizon.halfway up the horizon.2021/8/11 星期三4Keep south of Iceland so that you
5、Keep south of Iceland so that you cannot see land but just coastal birds.cannot see land but just coastal birds.Follow this route and you should Follow this route and you should reach Greenland.reach Greenland.2021/8/11 星期三5Use the information from the listening to Use the information from the liste
6、ning to explain these sailing strategies.explain these sailing strategies.1.1.Vikings used to prefer to sail following Vikings used to prefer to sail following the coastline so they could check that the coastline so they could check that they were on the correct route.they were on the correct route.
7、2.2.Vikings used birds,and natural Vikings used birds,and natural features like mountains,to direct their features like mountains,to direct their ships.ships.2021/8/11 星期三6LISTENING TEXTLISTENING TEXT2021/8/11 星期三7NAVIGATIONAL SECRETSNAVIGATIONAL SECRETSWang Ming Wang Ming(WM)(WM)has come to the has
8、 come to the Maritime Museum in Greenwich to talk to Maritime Museum in Greenwich to talk to the naval historian Dr Smiththe naval historian Dr Smith(DS).(DS).2021/8/11 星期三8WM:Thank you so much for talking to me.Please can you tell me how sailors managed before navigational instruments or satellites
9、 were invented?DS:Of course.At first if there was no land nearby the seamen used the sky to find their way.They looked 2021/8/11 星期三9at the clouds in the daytime and the at the clouds in the daytime and the stars at night.But very soon they stars at night.But very soon they began to develop local ma
10、ps.About began to develop local maps.About 5,000 years ago sailors from Phoenicia 5,000 years ago sailors from Phoenicia in North Africa used simple maps to in North Africa used simple maps to guide their ships around the guide their ships around the Mediterranean Sea.They were the Mediterranean Sea
11、.They were the best traders of their day.best traders of their day.2021/8/11 星期三10WM:Really?How cleaver!Did everybody use simple maps?DS:No.Im afraid not.It was difficult to have a map for sailing across open sea then.We know the Vikings from Norway had no written maps when they sailed across the No
12、rth Sea.2021/8/11 星期三11WM:The Vikings?Didnt they sail WM:The Vikings?Didnt they sail around and attack people and around and attack people and towns from their ships?towns from their ships?DS:Sometimes.But were not DS:Sometimes.But were not interested in that,only in their interested in that,only in
13、 their superior sailing ability.superior sailing ability.WM:I see!So what did they do?WM:I see!So what did they do?DS:Well,one of the things they did DS:Well,one of the things they did was concentrate on watching was concentrate on watching2021/8/11 星期三12birds.Theres the story of a Viking birds.Ther
14、es the story of a Viking called Raven-Floki.He used to keep called Raven-Floki.He used to keep birds on his ships but he didnt feed birds on his ships but he didnt feed them.Then when he thought land was them.Then when he thought land was near hed let the birds go and if they near hed let the birds
15、go and if they flew straight to land,all he had to do flew straight to land,all he had to do was to follow them!was to follow them!2021/8/11 星期三13WM:Did he find any new lands to live on?DS:Well,he did find a good way of sailing from the Faroe Islands to Iceland using his ravens.Its said that he took
16、 three birds on his ship with him.When hed been sailing for a day or two towards Iceland he let the first bird go.2021/8/11 星期三14It flew back to the Faroe Islands.A It flew back to the Faroe Islands.A day after this he let the second bird go.day after this he let the second bird go.This flew out of
17、sight but came back to This flew out of sight but came back to rest on the ship.Sometime after that,rest on the ship.Sometime after that,he let the third bird go.It headed he let the third bird go.It headed straight for Iceland so Raven-Floki straight for Iceland so Raven-Floki followed it and arriv
18、ed there safely.followed it and arrived there safely.2021/8/11 星期三15WM:That sounds clever!Ive heard too about the Polynesians in the Pacific Ocean.They did some amazing voyages without any navigational instruments to help them at all.How did they do that?DS:Nobodys really quite sure.2021/8/11 星期三16
19、But it seems that they studied the currents in the water,the colour of the sea and the different kinds of waves.WM:Do Polynesian sailors still do that?DS:Not nowadays Im afraid.WM:Have we lost this skill?2021/8/11 星期三17DS:Yes,Im afraid we have.Ancient DS:Yes,Im afraid we have.Ancient Polynesians mad
20、e maps of leaves Polynesians made maps of leaves and shells which others were able and shells which others were able to follow.If only we could read to follow.If only we could read them we would be able to them we would be able to understand more of their understand more of their navigational skills
21、.The sailors navigational skills.The sailors from Phoenicia,Norway and from Phoenicia,Norway and Polynesia could certainly teach Polynesia could certainly teach us a lot.(us a lot.(fade outfade out)2021/8/11 星期三18Listening on P59 Zheng He sailed from China to many places throughout South Pacific,Ind
22、ian Ocean,Taiwan,Persian Gulf and distant Africa in seven epic voyages from 1405 to 1433,some 80 years before Columbuss voyages.2021/8/11 星期三191.What places might he visit?2.What did he bring back?3.Why did he set off the voyages?4.Why didnt the Emperor continue this policy?5.Why is he so important
23、in the history?Pre-listening 2021/8/11 星期三20Listen to the tape and tick those ports and islands mentioned in the text.2021/8/11 星期三21Exercise 3Statement Evidence1.He is the only 15th century Chinese navigator we know.2.He came from Yunnan Province.No reports of other navigators for this period have
24、survived.It was written in documents.2021/8/11 星期三223.His ships were very large.4.He was very important.The writers mention it in the books.He made 7 voyages and visited more than 30 countries.2021/8/11 星期三235.Foreign kings liked Chinese porcelain and silk.6.He returned with strange presents for the
25、 Emperor.Zheng He remarks how much the foreign kings liked porcelain and silk.1.He brought a giraffe for the Emperor from Africa.2.He brought scarves of fine gold decorated with pearls and precious stones.2021/8/11 星期三24Exercise 41.The Emperor wanted to demonstrate2.Chinese power abroad so _3.2.When
26、 he died Zheng He wanted people 4.to know how successful he had been so _he sent Zheng He with a large fleet of ships to visit new places in neighbouring countries.he put up a pillar describing all his achievements.2021/8/11 星期三253.The writers wanted people to believe that Zheng Hes ships were large
27、 so _4.The writers wanted people to believe Zheng He was very important so _ _that they would believe that he really had achieved great things and gone to many foreign countries.they described him as being eight feet tall.2021/8/11 星期三26Listening textWho Was Zheng He?(Li Huaying=LH,Celia Main=CM)LH:
28、The most famous Chinese navigator was Zheng He lived from 1371 to 1433 and made seven voyages around the South China Sea,across to India and even as far as the eastern coast of Africa.It was 600th 2021/8/11 星期三27 anniversary of these voyages in 2005.CM:Are there other famous Chinese navigators or is
29、 he only one?LH:He is the only one weve got evidence for.CM:So there may have been others?LH:We dont know.Thats because a later Emperor may have destroyed a lot of evidence of other voyages.2021/8/11 星期三28CM:I see.Where did Zheng He go?LH:The documents tell us that he was born in Yunnan.He built a p
30、illar to record his achievements.It states that he made seven voyages and visited more than thirty countries.He said that the Emperor ordered him to show the strength of Chinese power and meet“foreigners from beyond the seas”.So he went to 2021/8/11 星期三29 unknown places and set up trade.CM:Tell me a
31、bout his Voyages.LH:Well,on his first voyage he visited Calicut in India.The people there were very impresses and a little frightened when they saw so many large ships.So the ruler wisely decided to make friends with these strangers.He gave Zheng He2021/8/11 星期三30 many scarves made of gold and decor
32、ated with jewels.Then he entertained him and his men with music and songs.CM:Did he go to other places?LH:Yes,on other voyages he visited Champa,and Sumatra near China,Hormuz,and Aden in the Persian Gulf and Mogadishu in Africa.Zheng He opened diplomatic relations with them and gave them2021/8/11 星期
33、三31 presents.CM:What did Chinese offer as gifts?LH:Zheng He found that foreign kings particularly admired Chinese porcelain and silk.So thats why his ships were filled with those things.CM:I see.Is that why they say his ships were so large?LH:Yes,I suppose so.When he returned from India he brought a
34、 2021/8/11 星期三32 giraffe for the Emperor as a present.So his ships must have been large.CM:Some writers say that the ships could carry as many as 20,000people altogether.LH:And other writers say Zheng He was 8 feet tall!We shouldnt believe everything writers tell us.Obviously they wanted to show 2021/8/11 星期三33 how important Zheng He was.Undoubtedly the ships were large-but perhaps not that large!CM:I see.That makes sense.Well,thank you for telling me about Zheng He.He sounds a fascinating man.2021/8/11 星期三342021/8/11 星期三35