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1、 非非谓语动词谓语动词是指在句中不能充当是指在句中不能充当谓语谓语，而是充当其它，而是充当其它语语法功能的法功能的动词动词。非。非谓语动词谓语动词有三种：有三种：动词动词不定式，不定式，动动名名词词和分和分词词(包括包括现现在分在分词词和和过过去分去分词词)。非。非谓语动词谓语动词没有人没有人称和数的称和数的变变化，但是有化，但是有语态语态和和时态时态的的变变化。化。Module 2 The Renaissance Period Four Grammar 课件课件非谓语动词非谓语动词非非谓语动词谓语动词作作宾语宾语分分类类常用常用动词动词接不定接不定式作式作宾宾语语hope，want，happ
2、en，promise，determine，afford，agree，pretend，wish，decide，expect，long，offer，fail 接动名接动名词作宾词作宾语语avoid，appreciate，admit，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，imagine，practice，suggest，mind，miss，finish，prevent，keep，risk，resist，considerbe busy，be worth，be proud of，be afraid of，be tired of，be fond of，be engaged in，cant
3、 help，devote oneself to，feel like，get down to，insist on，look forward to，object to，succeed in，set about，think of，take pride in，pay attention to接两者接两者都可都可的的 动词动词意意义义相同相同begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接接动动名名词词多指一般或多指一般或习惯习惯行行为为，接不定式多指具体的接不定式多指具体的动动作作)need(want/require)doing need(want/requir
4、e)to be done意意义义相反相反remember to do 记记住去做另一件事住去做另一件事remember doing 记记住做住做过过某事某事接两者接两者都可都可的动词的动词意意义义不同不同remember/forget/regret to do(指指动动作尚未作尚未发发生生)remember/forget/regret doing(指指动动作已作已经发经发生生)try to do(设设法法/努力去做努力去做)try doing(试试试试去做，去做，看有何看有何结结果果)mean to do(打算做，企打算做，企图图做做)mean doing(意意思是，意味着思是，意味着)can
5、t help doing(忍不住要做忍不住要做)cant help to do(不能帮忙做不能帮忙做)非非谓语动词谓语动词作定作定语语比比较较例句例句动动名名词词通常指被修通常指被修饰词饰词的用途，无的用途，无逻逻辑辑上的任何关系上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool？不定式不定式与被修与被修饰词饰词往往有往往有动宾动宾关系，关系，一般式表示将来，一般式表示将来，进进行式表示行式表示与与谓语动谓语动作同作同时发时发生，完成式生，完成式表示表示动动作在作在谓语动词动谓语动词动作之前作之前发发生生I have a lot of papers to type.I
6、 have a lot of papers to be typed.过过去分去分词词与被修与被修饰词饰词之之间间是被是被动动关系，关系，表示表示动动作作发发生在生在谓语动谓语动作之前，作之前，现现已已经经完成完成the developing country/the developed country；the boiling water/the boiled water；the falling leaves/the fallen leaves现现在分在分词词与被修与被修饰词饰词之之间间是主是主谓谓关系，关系，表示表示动动作与作与谓语动谓语动作同作同时发时发生生非非谓语动词谓语动词作作宾补宾补常常
7、见动词见动词与与宾语宾语的的逻辑逻辑关系关系及及时间时间概念概念例句例句现现在在分分词词see，hear，find，keep，have，feel，notice主主谓谓关系。关系。强强调动调动作正在作正在进进行，尚未行，尚未完成完成We heard them singing the song动宾动宾关系。关系。动动作已作已完成，多完成，多强强调调状状态态We found our city greatly changed.过过去去分分词词不定不定式式make，let，feel，hear，watch，see，noticeask，beg，tell，wish，want，order，expect主主谓谓关
8、系。关系。强强调动调动作已完成或将作已完成或将发发生生I asked him to help the poor boy.非非谓语动词谓语动词作主作主语语和作表和作表语语的比的比较较比比较较例句例句分分词词无名无名词词的性的性质质，不能作主，不能作主语语。但是有。但是有形容形容词词的性的性质质，可以作表，可以作表语语，多表明，多表明主主语语的特征性的特征性质质或者状或者状态态等，可被等，可被very，quite，rather等副等副词词修修饰饰。现现在分在分词词多含有多含有“令人令人”之意，之意，说说明主明主语语的性的性质质特征，多表示主特征，多表示主动动，主，主语语多多为为物。物。过过去分去分
9、词词一般表示被一般表示被动动或或主主语语所所处处的状的状态态，含有，含有“感到感到”之意，主之意，主语语多是人。多是人。The book is interesting.The novel is well written.(常常见见分分词词有有astonished，moved，tired，puzzled，disappointed，bored，amused及其及其ing形式形式)动动名名词词与不定式的功能区与不定式的功能区别别不大，然而不大，然而它更接近于名它更接近于名词词，表示的，表示的动动作比作比较较抽象，或者泛指抽象，或者泛指习惯习惯性的性的动动作，作，有有时时也可以用也可以用it作形式主作
10、形式主语语；作表；作表语时语时可以和主可以和主语语互互换换位置位置It is no use arguing with them.Cooking is his job.不不定定式式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动动作。作主作。作主语时语时可以借助于可以借助于it把不把不定式移到句子后面；作表定式移到句子后面；作表语语有有时时可和主可和主语语交交换换位置，而且意位置，而且意义义不不变变，并且，并且还还能用能用what来提来提问问主主语语或表或表语语My dream is to become a doctor.To obey the rules in the school
11、is important.【翻翻译译句子句子】这这些窗些窗户户需要修理了。需要修理了。_保保卫卫国家是每个人的国家是每个人的义务义务。_由于去由于去过过北京多次，他被要求做向北京多次，他被要求做向导导。_这这部部电电影很有趣，孩子影很有趣，孩子们们很感很感兴兴趣。趣。_听到听到这这个消息，他禁不住笑了。个消息，他禁不住笑了。_答案答案These windows need to be repaired(repairing)To defend the country is the obligation of everyone.Having been to Beijing many times，he
12、 was asked to be the guide.This film is so interesting that children are interested in it.Hearing the news，he cant help laughing.根据下列提示写一篇短文来介根据下列提示写一篇短文来介绍绍清明上河清明上河图图(Along the River during Ching Ming Festival)：1作者：作者：张择张择端端(宋朝宋朝)；2形式：手卷形式：手卷(hand scroll)；3内容：宋代首都汴京内容：宋代首都汴京(现现开封开封)的人的人们们的日常生活；的日常生
13、活；4主主题题：庆庆祝清明祝清明节节，所有社会，所有社会阶层阶层(包括平民和富包括平民和富人人)的不同生活；的不同生活；5被各个被各个时时期的期的艺术艺术家模仿。家模仿。注意：注意：词词数数120150作品描述作品描述【写作分析写作分析】第一步：第一步：认认真真审题审题这这种种类类型的作文型的作文实际实际上就是描述一幅作品，并加以适上就是描述一幅作品，并加以适当品当品论论。写作方法大致如下：。写作方法大致如下：1认认真真读图读图，弄清大意：，弄清大意：总总体介体介绍该绍该作品的作品的历历史地位史地位以及作者、以及作者、时间时间等；等；2详细详细描写作品的具体内容，列出要点描写作品的具体内容，列
14、出要点时时要注意分清要注意分清主次，不能看到主次，不能看到图图中有什么就中有什么就认为认为什么要写，什么要写，应应充分展开充分展开想像使想像使图图画活起来，运用想象适度画活起来，运用想象适度发挥发挥，紧紧扣扣图图画的内容，画的内容，进进行适当叙述，行适当叙述，连贯连贯通通顺顺即可；即可；3写作写作时时常用一般常用一般时态时态、第三人称等；、第三人称等；4最后适当加以最后适当加以评评价。价。第二步：提第二步：提炼炼要点要点1be known as2focuses on3as well as第三步：第三步：扩扩点成句点成句1Along the River during Ching Ming Fes
15、tival，known in Chinese as Qing Ming Shang He Tu，is a masterpiece painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty.2The theme focuses on the celebration of Ching Ming Festival(Qingming Festival)3As an artistic creation，the piece has been well preserved even over centuries，court artists of subsequent dynas
16、ties have reproduced several versions.【品味佳作品味佳作】Along the River during Ching Ming Festival，known in Chinese as Qing Ming Shang He Tu，is a masterpiece painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty.The painting portrays the daily lives of people in Bianjing(todays Kaifeng)，the capital of the Song Dynast
17、y.The theme focuses on the celebration of ChingMing Festival(Qingming Festival)The entire piece is painted in hand scroll format and the content reveals the lifestyle of people from all classes(including the poor and the rich)as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city.It of
18、fers a glimpse of the costumes and architecture during the period.As an artistic creation，the piece has been well preserved even over centuries，court artists of subsequent dynasties have reproduced several versions.【名名师师点津点津】1这这篇篇书书面表达比面表达比较较全面地概述了全面地概述了清明上河清明上河图图的的基本情况，作者充分把握住了基本情况，作者充分把握住了这这种文体的写作
19、特点。种文体的写作特点。2本文主次分明，重点突出，运用了一些复本文主次分明，重点突出，运用了一些复杂杂句式句式结结构和高构和高级词汇级词汇。最后作者的。最后作者的评评价使文章增色不少。价使文章增色不少。3亮点句式：亮点句式：Along the River during Ching Ming Festival，known in Chinese as Qing Ming Shang He Tu，is a masterpiece painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Song Dynasty.The entire piece is painted in hand scroll
20、 format and the content reveals the lifestyle of people from all classes(including the poor and the rich)as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city.【写作模板写作模板】_(介介绍绍的作品的作品)，known as_(作品的名作品的名称称)，is a masterpiece painted by _(作者及朝代作者及朝代)The painting portrays _(作品概述作品概述)The th
21、eme focuses on_(主主题题)The entire piece is painted_(作品作品细节细节一一)and the content reveals_(作品作品细节细节二二)as well as_(作品作品细节细节三三)It offers a glimpse of the costumes and architecture during the period.As an artistic creation，the piece has been well preserved_(评评价价)引引导导限制性定限制性定语语从句从句在主句中常有在主句中常有the same，so或或su
22、ch与与as相呼相呼应应，(the same.as；the same as;such.as.；so.as)as在定在定语语从句从句中可作主中可作主语语、宾语宾语、主、主语补语补足足语语等。等。as引出的定引出的定语语从句从句带带有比有比较较意意义义，从句常常只写出比，从句常常只写出比较较部分，但部分，但as本身不可省本身不可省略。例如：略。例如：He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.as作关
23、系代词引导的定语从句作关系代词引导的定语从句一、一、Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Dont do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比比较较：(1)Here is so big a sto
24、ne as no one can lift.(定定语语从句从句)It is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(结结果状果状语语从句从句)(2)He is such a person as everybody likes.He is such a person that everybody likes him.(3)This is so touching a story as I have read three times.This is so touching a story that I have read it three times.注意：在
25、注意：在the same.后也可用后也可用that引引导导定定语语从句，但含从句，但含义义有有所不同。所不同。that引出的从句，指的是与先行引出的从句，指的是与先行词词同一的事物，同一的事物，而而as引引导导的从句指的是与先行的从句指的是与先行词词同同类类的事物。例如：的事物。例如：This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.I live in the same house that he used to live in.Im wearing the same shir
26、t as you wore yesterday.引引导导非限制性定非限制性定语语从句从句指主句的全部或部分内容。常指主句的全部或部分内容。常译为译为“正如正如”“就像就像”等，定等，定语语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。as后常接后常接expect，know，report，expect，point out,say，see等等动词动词的主、被的主、被动语态动语态。As we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health.(as 作作宾语宾语)As is known to all，smoking is harmful to
27、 ones health.(as 作主作主语语)Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health.(主主语语从句从句)二、二、或：或：Smoking is harmful to ones health，as we all know.(as 作作宾语宾语)或：或：Smoking，as we all know，is harmful to one health.He was a foreigner，as I knew from his accent.(宾语宾语，先，先行行词词是前面整个句子是前面整个句子)As is known to ev
28、erybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.He wasnt unconscious，as could be judged from his eyes.注意：注意：as，which引引导导非限制性定非限制性定语语从句的区从句的区别别：(1)都可以代整个主句，相当于都可以代整个主句，相当于and this或或and that。(2)as从句可放在句首，而从句可放在句首，而which从句不能。从句不能。(3)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时语时，从句中的，从句中的谓语谓语必必须须是系是系动词动词；如果；如果为为行行为动词为动词，则则从句中的关系代从句中的关系代词词只能用只能用which。例如：。例如：It rained hard yesterday，which prevented me from going to the park.Thanks