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1、修修饰饰名名词词或代或代词词(不定代不定代词词或疑或疑问问代代词词)等的等的词词、短、短语语或者或者从句称从句称为为定定语语。一般。一般单单个的个的单词单词作定作定语语放在放在该该修修饰饰名名词词之之前前(前置定前置定语语)，短，短语语和句子放在和句子放在该该修修饰饰名名词词之后之后(后置定后置定语语)。Module 3 Foreign Food Period Four Grammar(1)&Grammar(2)课件课件1定语的概念定语的概念一、定语一、定语 2定定语语的的类类型型代代词词Our government tries every possible means to satisfy
2、our needs.What problem do you have in mastering a foreign language？数数词词English is spoken as an official language in over sixty countries throughout the world.Over two hundred auto workers are out on strike.名名词词或或名名词词所所有格有格I still remember what I ate:a fish and cheese sandwich.In many homes，the willo
3、w pattern plates(named after the willow tree in the center of the design)are kept for special occasions，when important guests come to dinner.Where is the presidents office？分分词词The rising sun in the early morning looks bigger than the one at noon.分分词词Do you know the girl dancing over there？There are
4、a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.The man badly wounded in the stomach lay on the ground，motionless.动词动词不定不定式式The letters to be delivered to the manager arrived five minutes ago.He is always the first person to leave the office.介介词词短短语语One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in th
5、e Pacific.Antarctica is the coldest place in the world.副副词词(通通常后置常后置)The noise outside woke him up.The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.词组词组或或合成合成词词With a face all smiles he told me that he had done well in the experiment.Is there anything the matter w
6、ith you？Who is that blueeyed girl?There are more welltodo families now.从句从句The perfect host is the one who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost.Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.形容形容词词I thought this vast wave of food was the total number o
7、f dishes to be served.His deeds moved everyone present.注意：注意：不定代不定代词词something，anything，everything，nothing的定的定语语要放在后面，如要放在后面，如something interesting多个形容多个形容词词作定作定语语的的顺顺序：基本序：基本规则规则：评评价性形容价性形容词词表示大小、表示大小、长长短、高低、新旧的形容短、高低、新旧的形容词词表示表示颜颜色的形容色的形容词词表示国籍、来源、材料的形容表示国籍、来源、材料的形容词词【单项填空单项填空】Some_students in our
8、 class hope to be_doctors in the future.Agirls；womans Bgirl；womenCgirl；woman Dgirls；womensYesterday she asked me if there was_to read，but I happened to lend it to someone else.Aeasy enough somethingBenough easy somethingCsomething enough easyDsomething easy enoughThis_girl is Lindas niece.Apretty li
9、ttle Spanish BSpanish little prettyCSpanish pretty little Dlittle pretty Spanish答案答案BDA二、定二、定语语从句从句表一定表一定义义及相关及相关术语术语定定义义在主从复合句中，作定在主从复合句中，作定语语修修饰饰句中某个名句中某个名词词或代或代词词的句子叫作定的句子叫作定语语从句从句分分类类又称又称为为形容形容词词性从句。定性从句。定语语从句有限制性和非限从句有限制性和非限制性之分制性之分先行先行词词定定语语从句在句中做定从句在句中做定语语，修，修饰饰一个名一个名词词或一个代或一个代词词，那么被修，那么被修饰饰的
10、名的名词词(词组词组)或代或代词词就是先行就是先行词词关系关系词词引引导导定定语语从句的关从句的关联词联词称称为为关系关系词词。关系代关系代词词：who，whom，whose，that，which，as等。等。关系副关系副词词：when，where，why等。等。关系关系词词的作用有三个：的作用有三个：引引导导定定语语从句；从句；代代替先行替先行词词；在定在定语语从句中担当一个成分。从句中担当一个成分。表二关系代表二关系代词词引引导导的定的定语语从句从句关系代关系代词词所代替的先行所代替的先行词词是人或物的名是人或物的名词词或代或代词词，并在句，并在句中充当主中充当主语语、宾语宾语、定、定语语
11、等成分。关系代等成分。关系代词词在定在定语语从句中从句中作主作主语时语时，从句，从句谓语动词谓语动词的人称和数要和先行的人称和数要和先行词词保持一致。保持一致。who，whom，that这这些些词词代替代替的先行的先行词词是表示是表示人的名人的名词词或代或代词词，在从句中作主在从句中作主语语或或宾语宾语Is she the woman who/that wants to see you？她就是想她就是想见见你的人你的人吗吗？(who/that在从句中作在从句中作主主语语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他他就是我昨天就是我昨天见见的那个人。的那个
12、人。(whom/that在从句在从句中作中作宾语宾语)whose用来指人或物用来指人或物(只只用作定用作定语语，若指物，它，若指物，它还还可以同可以同of which the互互换换，whose相当于先行相当于先行词词的所有格的所有格)Please pass me the book whose(of which the)cover is green.请递给请递给我那本我那本绿绿色封面的色封面的书书。which与与that所代替的所代替的先行先行词词是表示事物的名是表示事物的名词词或代或代词词，在从句中可，在从句中可作主作主语语、宾语宾语等。等。A tiger which/that had ne
13、ver been seen before has appeared in the area.一只从没一只从没见过见过的老虎在的老虎在这这个地区出个地区出现现了。了。(which/that在句中作主在句中作主语语)The box(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的盒子快散了。你拿的盒子快散了。(which/that在在句中作句中作宾语宾语)表三表三as作关系代作关系代词词的用法的用法关系代关系代词词as常出常出现现在在such.as，so.as，the same.as，as.as等等结结构中构中This is no
14、t such a book as I expected.这这不是我所希望得到的那本不是我所希望得到的那本书书。Here is so big a stone as no man can lift。这这么大一么大一块块石石头头，没有人能，没有人能举举起来。起来。as引引导导非限制性定非限制性定语语从从句，指代整个主句，可句，指代整个主句，可置于句首或句末。置于句首或句末。As is known to all，the earth is round.众所周知，地球是众所周知，地球是圆圆的。的。as指代整个主句和指代整个主句和which指代整个主句的指代整个主句的用法区用法区别别：由由as，which引
15、引导导非限非限制性定制性定语语从句从句时时，as和和which可指代整个主可指代整个主句，相当于句，相当于and this或或and that。as引引导导的非限制性定的非限制性定语语从句常用来表示从句常用来表示说话说话人关于某事的依据、人关于某事的依据、态态度、解度、解释释或或评论评论等，等，含有含有“正如正如”的意思，通常出的意思，通常出现现在一些在一些固定短固定短语语之中，一般放在句首，也可放在句之中，一般放在句首，也可放在句末。末。As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health.我我们们知道，吸烟知道，吸烟对对我我们们的身体有害。的身体有害。a
16、s has been said before如上所述如上所述as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那正如可以想象出来的那样样as is well known众所周知众所周知as was expected正如所正如所预预料的那料的那样样as has been already pointed out正如已正如已经经指指出的那出的那样样as指代整个主句和指代整个主句和which指代整个主指代整个主句的用法区句的用法区别别：由由as，which引引导导非限制性定非限制性定语语从句从句时时，as和和which可可指代整个主句，相指代整个主句，相当于当于and this或或and that
17、。which引引导导的非限制性定的非限制性定语语从句，一般从句，一般表示某事的状况或表示某事的状况或结结果，只能出果，只能出现现在在主句之后。主句之后。The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.太阳太阳给给地球地球热热量，量，这对这对我我们们来来说说非常非常重要。重要。The man died last night，which is a lie.那个男人昨晚死亡的消息是个那个男人昨晚死亡的消息是个谎谎言。言。特特别别提醒提醒I have bought the same watch as you have.我我买买了一了一块块和你
18、的一和你的一样样的手表。的手表。(我的手表和你我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一的手表很像，但不是同一块块)This is the same watch that I lost.这这就是我就是我丢丢的那的那块块手表。手表。(这这手表和我手表和我丢丢的手表的手表是同一是同一块块)表四关系副表四关系副词词引引导导的定的定语语从句从句关系副关系副词词when，where，why可代替的先行可代替的先行词词是表示是表示时间时间、地点或原因的名地点或原因的名词词，在从句中作状，在从句中作状语语。其含。其含义义相当于相当于“介介词词which”结结构，因此常常和构，因此常常和 “介介词词which”结结构
19、交替构交替使用。使用。There are occasions when(on which)one must give up.任何任何人都有不得不放弃的人都有不得不放弃的时时候。候。Jinan is the place where(in which)I was born.济济南是我的南是我的出生地。出生地。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer？这这就是他拒就是他拒绝绝我我们们帮助他的理由帮助他的理由吗吗？表五关系代表五关系代词词或关系副或关系副词词的判断的判断用关系代用关系代词还词还是关是关系副系副词词完全取决于完全取决于从句
20、中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词。及物及物动词动词后面无后面无宾宾语语，就必，就必须须用关系用关系代代词词；而不及物；而不及物动动词则词则要用关系副要用关系副词词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这这是去年我呆是去年我呆过过的山村。的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永我永远远不会忘不会忘记记和你一起工作的那些和你一起工作的那些日子。日子。准确判断先行准确判断先行词词在定在定语语从句中的从句中的成分成分(主、主、谓谓、宾宾、定、状、定
21、、状)，也能正确也能正确选择选择出出关系代关系代词词/关系关系副副词词。This is the movie that/which we talked about.(先行先行词词the movie在定在定语语从句中作从句中作talk about的的宾语宾语，故用关，故用关系代系代词词that/which)I dont know the reason why John is absent from the meeting.(先行先行词词the reason在定在定语语从句中作原因状从句中作原因状语语，故，故用关系副用关系副词词why)特特别别提醒提醒定定语语从句引从句引导词导词的的选择选择要由引要
22、由引导词导词在从句在从句(注意：注意：不是主句不是主句)中所作的成分决定。先行中所作的成分决定。先行词词在从句中作在从句中作主主语语、定、定语语、宾语宾语，选择选择关系代关系代词词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行；先行词词在从句中作状在从句中作状语语，应选择应选择关系副关系副词词(where为为地点状地点状语语，when为时间为时间状状语语，why为为原因状原因状语语)。表六表六经经常使用非限制性定常使用非限制性定语语从句的从句的场场合合先行先行词为词为独一独一无二的物体无二的物体时时The sun，which rises in the east，gives us
23、heat and light.太阳从太阳从东边东边升起，升起，给给我我们发们发出光和出光和热热。先行先行词词是指物是指物的的专专有名有名词时词时The Great Wall，which is called in Chinese“The Ten Thousand Li Great Wall”，is actually more than 6，000 kilometers long.长长城，中国人称作城，中国人称作“万里万里长长城城”，实际实际上上 6，000多公里。多公里。先行先行词词指物且被指物且被指示代指示代词词或人称或人称代代词词所修所修饰时饰时This is her house，which
24、 was built last year.这这是她的房子，是去年建的。是她的房子，是去年建的。定定语语从句修从句修饰饰整整个主句个主句时时He is from Australia，which I know from his accent.他是美国人，他是美国人，这这一点我从他的口音可以一点我从他的口音可以断定。断定。【定定语语从句从句对对比比练习练习】This is one of the most interesting plays_shown last week.This is the very one of the most interesting plays_shown last wee
25、k.Awhich was Bthat wasCwhich were Dthat were He has two brothers，_are college students.He has two brothers，and_are college students.A.both of which Bboth of whomCboth of them Dboth of it 12He still lives in the apartment_window faces to the east.He still lives in the apartment，the window_faces to th
26、e east.He still lives in the apartment_is in the north of the city.He still lives in the apartment_there is a beautiful table.Awhich Bwhose Cwhere Dof which 3_leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights._who leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights._who leave the hall last ought to tu
27、rn off the lights.AAnyone BWhoCThose DWhoever4_we all know，China is abundant in natural resources._is wellknown that China is abundant in natural resources._is wellknown，China is abundant in natural resources.AWhich BAs CIt DThat 答案答案1.DB2.BC3.BDAC4.DAC5.BCB5最近某高中最近某高中拟拟开展以开展以“校园拒校园拒绝绝零食零食”为为主主题题的活的
28、活动动。假如你是假如你是该该校学生会主席，校学生会主席，请请你以学生会的名你以学生会的名义义，参考下，参考下面的内容提示，面的内容提示，给给全校学生写一封倡全校学生写一封倡议书议书。内容提示：内容提示：1描述吃零食的描述吃零食的现现象；象；2阐阐述吃零食的影响；述吃零食的影响；3提出合理化的建提出合理化的建议议。倡议书倡议书 注意注意：1.词词数数100左右，开左右，开头头已已为为你写好你写好(不不计计入入总词总词数数)；2参考参考词汇词汇：snacks零食；零食；phenomenon现现象象Dear fellow students，There is a serious phenomenon
29、in our school._【写作分析写作分析】第一步：第一步：认认真真审题审题一一审审体裁：本文要求写一篇倡体裁：本文要求写一篇倡议书议书，属于，属于记记叙文范畴。叙文范畴。二二审审格式：倡格式：倡议书议书不同于演不同于演讲讲稿，格式一般按照稿，格式一般按照书书信信格式就可以，格式就可以，时态时态多用一般多用一般现现在在时时，用第一人称，用第一人称较较合适。合适。三三审结审结构：构：这类这类文章一般是提出文章一般是提出问题问题，阐阐述述这这种种问题问题的影响，再提出解决的影响，再提出解决问题问题的建的建议议。可以适当使用祈使句，。可以适当使用祈使句，以增以增强强倡倡议书议书的号召力度。的号
30、召力度。第二步：提第二步：提炼炼要点要点1a waste of2in addition3lead to fatness and illness4What is worse.5not.any more第三步：第三步：扩扩点成句点成句1Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.2Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a
31、bad behaviour and pollutes our campus.3Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.【品味佳作品味佳作】Dear fellow students，There is a serious phenomenon in our school.We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class.Some students
32、even eat snacks in class.Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is abad behavi
33、our and pollutes our campus.Dear fellow students，we shouldnt act like kids any more.We high school students should develop good habits.Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.Lets form good eating habits and say no to snacks!Students Union【名名师师点津点津】1本文
34、是一封倡本文是一封倡议书议书。作者按照提出。作者按照提出问题问题，分析，分析问题问题，解决解决问题问题的思路呈的思路呈现观现观点。文中运用了很多点。文中运用了很多经经典短典短语语：as well as，in addition，lead to，what is worse等。作者巧妙等。作者巧妙地添加句式地添加句式结结构，使文章流构，使文章流畅畅自然。如：自然。如：In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead t
35、o fatness and illness.2文章使用一般文章使用一般现现在在时时，条理性，条理性强强，很有，很有说说服力。服力。3亮点句式：亮点句式：We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class.Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour
36、and pollutes our campus.Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.【写作模板写作模板】Dear fellow students，There is a serious phenomenon in _ourschool.We find_(发现发现的的问题问题)Eating snacks is_as well as_(危害一危害一)In addition，_(危害二危害二)Eating snacks improperly may lead to
37、_(危害三危害三)What is worse，_(危害四危害四)Dear fellow students，we shouldnt_(倡倡议议一一)We high school students should develop good habits.Remember_(倡倡议议二二)Lets_(倡倡议议三三)！“介介词词关系代关系代词词”考点分析考点分析 总总的的说说来，来，选择选择介介词词不外乎三条：一是根据句子意思不外乎三条：一是根据句子意思表达的需要；二是根据从句中表达的需要；二是根据从句中动词动词或形容或形容词词与介与介词词的的习惯习惯搭配；三是根据先行搭配；三是根据先行词词和介和介词词
38、的的习惯习惯搭配。搭配。考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1)看定看定语语从句中从句中动词动词与介与介词词的搭配的搭配The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.1This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.注：有一些介注：有一些介词为词为固定搭配的一部分，此固定搭配的
39、一部分，此时时它它们们的位置的位置应应注意。如：注意。如：The boy(whom)my sister is looking after is getting better.不能不能说说成：成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.(2)看定看定语语从句中形容从句中形容词词或分或分词词与介与介词词的搭配的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.【即即时训练时训练】I saw a woman running
40、toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had come.Aof which Bby whichCin which Dfrom whichHe was educated at the local high school，_he went on to Beijing University.Aafter which Bafter thatCin which Din that考考查查先行先行词词与介与介词词的搭配的搭配习惯习惯这类这类考考题题往往要
41、根据具体的往往要根据具体的语语境来境来选择选择介介词词。如：。如：This is our classroom，in the front of which there is a teachers desk.Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.【即时训练即时训练】We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses.Ato which Bto whom
42、Cwith whom Dwith which2考考查查根据句意确定介根据句意确定介词词Tom，by whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher.I am looking for my glasses，without which I cant watch TV clearly.【即即时训练时训练】Eric received training in computer for one year，_he found a job in a big company.Aafter that Bafter whichCafter
43、it Dafter this3考考查查表示所属关系的表示所属关系的of which whomOn the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence，the meaning of which I dont understand.【即即时训练时训练】It is reported that two schools，_are being built in my hometown，will open next year.A.they both Bwhich bothCboth of them Dboth of which4考考查查表示整体与部分关系的表示整体与部分关
44、系的of which whomI have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.I met the fruitpickers，several of whom were university students.【即即时训练时训练】I was given three books on cooking，the first_I really enjoyed.Aof that Bof whichCthat Dwhich56考考查查表示同位关系的表示同位关系的of which whomHer sons，both of whom work abroad，rang her up this morning.【即时训练即时训练】Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_wanted to buy it.Anone of them Bboth of whomCnone of whom Dneither of whom答案答案DABBDBDThanks