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1、英语有三种不同的语气英语有三种不同的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气祈使语气和和虚拟语气虚拟语气1.陈述语气陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)陈述事实陈述事实,提出看法提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使祈使语语气气(The Imperative Mood)表表请请求，邀求，邀请请，命令，警告或，命令，警告或劝劝告等告等.Lets have a talk.Dont jump in the qu
2、eue.虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念一、一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中从句从句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反反与与过去过去相反相反与与将来将来相反相反If+主语主语+did（be动词用动词用were)主语主语+should,would,might,coulddoIf+主语主语+haddone主语主语should,would,might,couldhavedon
3、e1、If+主语主语+did2、If+主语主语+wereto+do3、If+主语主语+should+do主语主语should,wouldmight,coulddoeg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就会如果我是你，我就会更更努力学习努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码如果我知道他的电话号码的话的话，我就给他打电话了，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛I
4、fIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloff/cancelthematch.Morepractice:What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I wouldIf I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,I would
5、buy an expensive car.If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room,it _(be)very da
6、ngerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for the teachers help.were notcould bewerewould askIf he _(drive)more carefully,he _(have)the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I _ (learn)how to swim,I _ (be)trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been a.If Tom _(be)more c
7、areful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.b.If you _ (get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad got/gottenwould have caughtPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks.c.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _(go)to the concert together.had metwould have goneIf he got up early,he would be on tim
8、e.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come,what should we say to him.假如他看见我,就会认识我。If he should see me,he would know me.a.If there _(be)no natural resource any more,we _(make)use of nuclear power.b.What _(happen)if you _(get up)too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3:Fill i
9、n the blanksc.If Robots _(control)the world some day,here _(be)no friendship.were to controlwould be真实条件句时态关系 条件状从 主句 一般现在时 shall/will+V原If he comes,he will bring his violin.a.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。b.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains
10、 C.rained D.is rained答案B 真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。ATTENTION：1)在真在真实条件句中条件句中,主句不用主句不用be going to表将来表将来,而用而用shall/will.(wrong)If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.(correct)If you leave now,you will never regret it.2)表示表示真理真理时时,主句主句谓语动词不用谓语动词不用shall(will)+V原原,而直接而直接用一般现用一般现在时。在时。使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：
11、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：1.当条件状从当条件状从的动作的动作和主句的和主句的动作动作所发生的时间不所发生的时间不一致时，一致时，叫做叫做：错综时间条件句错综时间条件句2.动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整整Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果如果你听我你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会
12、是大学生了If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.2.if从句中，省略从句中，省略if，将，将were，had，should提前，位提前，位于句首，形成倒装结构。于句首，形成倒装结构。not不能放在前面。不能放在前面。IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.IfIhadnotseenhimthen,Iwouldnthavebeenveryhappy.HadInotseenhimthen,
13、Iwouldnthavebeenveryhappy.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句。手段来代替条件句。常用常用介词介词withwith，withoutwithout，but forbut for（要不是）；（要不是）；连连词词oror，butbut；副词副词otherwiseotherwise或或in that case(i
14、n that case(如果如果是那样的话是那样的话)。1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting,but I was busy then.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2.Without/But for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,
15、you_sotired.A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot_itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillIfyou_withGeorgeearlier,you_soangrynow.A.talked;wouldnotbeB.hadtalked;wouldnotbeC.wouldtalk;wouldnotbeD.hadtalked;wo
16、uldnothavebeenIfwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriver_soseriouslynow.A.isnotpollutedB.wouldnotbepollutedC.hadnotbeenpollutedD.wouldnothavebeenpollutedWithoutelectricity,humanbeinglife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeButforhishelp,I_.A.shouldnothavesucceededB.hav
17、enotsucceededC.didnotsucceedD.hadnotsucceededHehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescoredWhydidntyoubuyit?I_butIdidnthavethemoney.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.hadhadD.hadbought二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句）用于宾语从句、wish后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。
18、一般用虚拟语气，表示一种一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望不可能实现的愿望。其谓其谓语动词形式为：语动词形式为：表现在表现在did/were表过去表过去haddone表将来表将来would,might,coulddoIwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcould/mightgo.Iwish(that)he_(visit)ustomorrow.Iwish(that)he_(visit)ustoday.Iwishhe_(visit)usyesterday.would/could/
19、might visitvisitedhad visited2.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,(一坚持一坚持)order,command,(二命令二命令)suggest,advise,propose,(三建议三建议)require,request,demand,desire(四要求四要求).Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：注意：suggest当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明
20、“时，时，insist表表示示”坚持认为坚持认为“时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱注意：注意：suggest:表明，暗示表明，暗示 陈陈述述语语气气 建建议议 虚虚拟语拟语气气Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she
21、_(send)to hospital immediately.Insist：坚坚持持说说，坚坚持持认为认为 陈陈述述语语气气 坚坚持主持主张张，坚坚持要求持要求 虚虚拟语拟语气气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money and insisted that he _(set)free.was(should)besenthadntstolen(should)besetTheofficergavetheorderthatnothing_untilthepeoplearrived.A.didnttouchB.touchedC.betouchedD.touch在
22、在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“shoulddo”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句）用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)bepu
23、toff.A.在句型在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)thatsb.should+do1.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.（3）虚拟语气在）虚拟语气在在主语从句中在主语从句中B.在在Itisdemanded/s
24、uggested/ordered/required.thatsb.(should)doItisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.Sb.(should)+doItsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.Itisstrangethathedidntcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatshecantsing.Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_passtheexam.A.hasB.shouldC.wouldD.might1.Itis(
25、high/about)timethatsbshoulddo/didsth.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中三、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly（要是该有多好啊（要是该有多好啊)IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!Imgettingtired;itstimewe_home.A.goB.aregoingC.wentD.shouldbegoing3.wouldrather+从句从句现在现在/将来将来did过去过去haddoneIwouldratheryou
26、toldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.asif/asthough（好像）（好像）+从句从句与现在相反与现在相反did/were与过去相反与过去相反haddone与将来相反与将来相反would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.(区分区分evenif/though)注意：若表示的确有某种可能注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气）尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!Theclou
27、dsaregathering.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken5.evenif(eventhough)即使即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.6.当in case,lest,for fear that等引导状 语从句时,从句用(should)+do
28、。eg.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.在此类情况中,incase引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气,如:eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.四四情态动词情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来应该做本来应该做-sho
29、uldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不该做本不该做-你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做本不必做-比较：比较：didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwis
30、eIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.Choosethebestanswer:1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.Wit
31、houttheleadershipoftheParty,there_noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAA5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,
32、you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen8.You_comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.haveBBcA虚拟语气高考链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would
33、have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。2.If there were no subjunctive,English_much easier.(NMET)A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。虚拟语气高考链接3.The guard at the gate insisted t
34、hat everybody _ the rules.(NMET)A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。虚拟语气高考链接4.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。5.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.(NMET)A.is B.will be C.would
35、have been D.would be 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。6.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _.(NMET)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。虚拟语气高考链接7._ it _ for your help,I couldnt have mad
36、e any progress.A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your helpIf it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）虚拟语气高考链接虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I_youatthea
37、irport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetExercisesAD虚拟语气3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneBAB虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenev
38、er_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelentCAB虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDBC