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1、虚语语气（虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装倒装；3、名词性从句名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种、几种特殊结构特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与、虚拟语气与陈述语气陈述语气的判定。的判定。i
2、f if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句（一)If + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/sho
3、uld/could/might +动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间
4、状语) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形倒装的倒装的If If虚拟句虚拟句条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有如果条件状
5、语中有were, had, should时时, , 可以倒可以倒装成：装成：Were / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the fil
6、m.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用名词性从句中的使用请求， 要求， 命今， 建议Should+动词原型惊异， 惋惜， 遗憾， 理应advise, ask, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, suggest, etc以以及相关名词，过去分词及相关名词，过去分词important, strange, necessary, natural, essential/ vital（首要的）（首要的）,imperative（必要的）（必要的）It
7、s requested that all the students (should) wear school uniforms at school. My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here. He insisted that John (should ) do it.It is necessary that we should get everythingReady by the end of the week注意注意:当当suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示,表表明明”;insist表示表示“坚
8、持认为，坚坚持认为，坚持说持说”时不用虚拟！时不用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health. 虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish that2. as if /as though3.would rather that4.Its ( about/hi
9、gh) time that1. wish that现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来 :did /were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)would/could+动词原形动词原形(将来将来)The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A. hadnt gone B. havent goneC. didnt go D. could not have goneHow I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C
10、. wouldnt do D. wasnt doingTom can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachD2. as if /though + Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来 :did /were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if
11、he had been to the United States. would+动词原形动词原形(将来将来)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.A. is B. will be C. am D. wereThe clouds are getting darker an
12、d darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if you are tired.3. Its (about/high) time thatdid /wereShould +动词原形动词原形Its time we worked hard.Its high time that we started.1.It s high
13、time that we _ to school.A.would B. went C. go D. will go2.Its time we _ up our results .B.sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sumBB4. would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.S
14、he says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. leftId rather you _ me the news. A. not tell B. not to tell C. didnt tell D. hadnt told注意注意: 在主语在主语would (had) rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语一般宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。我真希望你告诉我真相。 Id rather you to
15、ld me the truth. 我宁愿不再见着你。我宁愿不再见着你。 Id rather I didnt see you again. 我倒希望他们和我一起去。我倒希望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如：without, but for, in case of. etc What wo
16、uld I have done without you? It would be easier to do it this way. But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 2. 条件暗含在上下文中条件暗含在上下文中.如：如：or,otherwise You might stay here forever. (可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation wo
17、uld be ruined. (可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you.3.条件用其他形式来表示条件用其他形式来表示 If only (I wish)，but,suppose/ supposing/providing (if) etc.I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him.Suppose you were in my
18、shoes, what should you doIf only we had followed your advice!10 If only I _ to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 11 -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I _ , but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to 虚拟条件句中的主句和从句
19、的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money, me some money, I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new the new house and most likely I house and most likely I would bewould be still living in the dangerous still living in the dangerous house now.house now.假若你不借钱给我，假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）在。）