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1、托福阅读-事实信息题1事实信息题I.题型识别II.解题步骤III.正确选项特点IV.错误选项特点2I.题型识别Accordingtoparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrue ofX?Accordingtoparagraph,why did X do Y?Accordingtoparagraph7,untiltheeighteenthcentury,itwasthe principal function of which of the following to?Accordingtoparagraph6,merchantswereabletoavoidtherisk
2、ofcarryinglargeamountsofgoldandsilverby?3II.解题步骤Step-1.定位（根据关键词缩小定位区间）Step-2.比较原文与选项（挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法）4II.解题步骤Step-1:定位Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflectemotionalstates.Infact,variousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandi
3、nthebrain.Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles(feedback)aresentbacktoemotioncentersofthebrain,andsoapersonsfacialexpressioncaninfluencethatpersons
4、emotionalstate.ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappento
5、humanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.TheywouldbecomemorenegativeStep-1.Step-1.定位定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。根据关键词缩小定位区间。5II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhan
6、d,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcausep
7、roblemslater.TheywouldbecomemorenegativeStep-2.Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。6II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverise
8、tofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.TheywouldbecomemorenegativeStep-2.Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。比较原文与选项：
9、挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。7II.解题步骤总结Step-1.小定位：a.根据题干关键词缩小定位区间。Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。8II.解题步骤-例题Paragraph2：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramics
10、fallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChinesecer
11、amics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.9II.解题步骤Step-1:定位Paragraph2
12、：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,and
13、modeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocu
14、mentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.Step-1.Step-1.定位定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。根据关键词缩小定位区间。10II.解题步骤Step-1:定位Paragraph2：Thefunction andstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodyn
15、asty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirquality andtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgrou
16、pofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremained the samefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetter documentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittle
17、variationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligious sculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.Step-1.Step-1.定位定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。根据关键词缩小定位区间。11II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项Paragraph2：Thefunction andstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collector
18、s,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirquality andtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhic
19、hwereproducedinearthenware.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremained the samefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetter documentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Som
20、ereligious sculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.Step-2.Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。12II.解题步骤 例题In1820underanewlandlaw,afarmcouldbeboughtfor$100.Thecontinuedproliferationofbanksmadeiteasierforthosewithoutcashtonegotiateloansinpapermoney.WesternFarmersborrowed
21、withtheconfidentexpectationthattheexpandingeconomywouldkeepfarmpriceshigh,thusmakingiteasytorepayloanswhentheyfelldue.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatwasthesignificanceofthelandlawpassedin1820?（）0Itgrantedgovernment-supportedloanstofarmers.0Itprovidedfarmlandatanaffordableprice.0Itrequiredbankstoofferloan
22、stofarmers.0Itenabledfarmerstoselltheirlandforaprofit.13II.例题比较Transportationwasbecominglessofaproblemforthosewhowishedtomovewestandforthosewhohandfarmsurplusestosendtomarket.Priorto1815,westernfarmerswhodidnotliveonnavigablewaterwayswereconnectedtothemonlybydirtroadsandmountaintrails.Livestockcould
23、bedrivenacrossthemountains,butthecostoftransportingbulkygrainsinthisfashionwasseveraltimesgreaterthantheirvalueineasternmarkets.Thefirststeptowardanimprovementofwesterntransportationwastheconstructionofturnpikes.Theseroadsmadepossibleareductionintransportationcostsandthusstimulatedthecommercializati
24、onofagriculturealongtheirroutes.8.Paragraph4suggeststhatturnpikesaffectedfarmersby（）makingthepriceofgrainuniformforbotheasternandwesternfarmersmakingwesternfarmproductsmoreprofitablethaneasternfarmproductsallowingfarmerstodrivetheirlivestockacrossmountaintrailsallowingagreaternumberoffarmerstosellth
25、eirfarmproductsinacommercialmarket14II.例题比较Transportationwasbecominglessofaproblemforthosewhowishedtomovewestandforthosewhohandfarmsurplusestosendtomarket.Priorto1815,westernfarmerswhodidnotliveonnavigablewaterwayswereconnectedtothemonlybydirtroadsandmountaintrails.Livestockcouldbedrivenacrossthemou
26、ntains,butthecostoftransportingbulkygrainsinthisfashionwasseveraltimesgreaterthantheirvalueineasternmarkets.Thefirststeptowardanimprovementofwesterntransportationwastheconstructionofturnpikes.Theseroadsmadepossibleareductionintransportationcostsandthusstimulatedthecommercializationofagriculturealong
27、theirroutes.8.Paragraph4suggeststhatturnpikesaffectedfarmersby（）0makingthepriceofgrainuniformforbotheasternandwesternfarmers0makingwesternfarmproductsmoreprofitablethaneasternfarmproducts0allowingfarmerstodrivetheirlivestockacrossmountaintrails0allowingagreaternumberoffarmerstoselltheirfarmproductsi
28、nacommercialmarket15II.解题步骤总结Step-1.小定位：b.若题干无法精确定位，可从大大定位区间第一句话开始读，每读一至两句话，看一定位区间第一句话开始读，每读一至两句话，看一遍选项进行排除遍选项进行排除）Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。16III.正确选项特点(1)所考段落内阐明的信息阐明的信息(2)该信息的同义改写同义改写17III.正确选项特点1&2ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,th
29、erepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseprobl
30、emslater.Theywouldbecomemorenegative正确选项特点正确选项特点1&21&2：所考段落内：所考段落内阐明的信息阐明的信息及该信息的及该信息的同义改写同义改写18IV.错误选项特点(1)(1)无无：原文未提及未提及(2)(2)反：反：与原文矛盾矛盾(3)(3)混混：从上下文找一些词与考点区间的词混一起混一起组成新意思(4)(4)极端词极端词：never,all,always none,completely,most（例外：极端词之前出现否定极端词之前出现否定或原文考点区间出现极端词原文考点区间出现极端词）(5)(5)虚假比较虚假比较:比较的选项（less/more
31、/better than)常被设为错误选项 19IV.错误选项特点Paragraph2：Thefunction andstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirquality andtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainfor
32、vessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremained the samefromdynastytodyn
33、asty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetter documentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligious sculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.20IV.错误选项特点Paragraph2：Thefunction andstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodyna
34、sty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirquality andtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroup
35、ofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremained the samefromdynastytodynasty.（2反）Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetter documentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.（5虚假比较，1原文未
36、提及）Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.（2反）Somereligious sculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.（同义改写）21IV.错误选项特点总结(1)(1)无无：原文未提及未提及(2)(2)反：反：与原文矛盾矛盾(3)(3)混混：从上下文找一些词与考点区间的词混一起混一起组成新意思(4)(4)极端词极端词：never,all,always none,completely,most（例外：极端词之前出现否定极端词之前出现否定或原文考点区间出现极端词原文考点区间出现极端词）(5)(5)虚假比较虚假比较:比较的选项（less/more/better than)常被设为错误选项 22事实信息题结束！事实信息题结束！Thank you!Thank you!23