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1、非非谓谓语语动动词词（狭狭义义）不定式不定式分词分词(过分和现分过分和现分)动名词动名词不定式做宾语不定式做宾语,状语与作定语状语与作定语.与与及及 不定式的时态不定式的时态和和否定形式否定形式。不不定定式式1.不定式的不定式的作用作用.2.不定式的不定式的时态时态.3.不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式.不定式1:不定式的作用例例1:There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_trouble.A:making B.to make C.to have made D.having ma
2、deB析英语中有一些动词英语中有一些动词 后可以跟不定式做宾后可以跟不定式做宾语语,如如,agree,decide,hope,want,fail,arrange,pretend.等等 1:不定式的作用不定式的作用例例2:The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _the film stars had left.A:to tell B:to be told C:telling D:toldB不定式例例3:European football is played in 80 countries,_it the most popular sport
3、in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to makeA此此2 2题题为非谓语动词作结果状语，这类分为非谓语动词作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面词短语常放在句子的后面,ing,ing表示顺其自表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：1:His wife died in 1962,_him with three children.(Leave)2:He hurried to the school,_nobody there.(find)析leavingonly to find不定式1:不定式的作用:例例4:She
4、 was always the first person _.A:to come B:coming C:comes D:cameA析析当名词被当名词被first,second,next,last,only等词等词修饰时修饰时,其后常用动词不定式作定语其后常用动词不定式作定语.且且作作定语定语的不定式不含有将来意义的不定式不含有将来意义,却含表过去意义却含表过去意义.eg;1:Iarrivedfirst.ThenexttocomewasTom.2:Hestheonlypersontoknowthetruth.例例1:I should love _ to the party last night
5、but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone不定式不定式2:不定式的时态不定式的时态D析would love(like)to 是固定搭配是固定搭配,因因此此B B、C C、不合题意、不合题意.Should love+不定式不定式一般式一般式，表示表示“想，希望想，希望”，而接而接不定不定式完成式式完成式则表示则表示“原本希望，而未曾实原本希望，而未曾实现现”的意思的意思。不定式不定式例例2:You were silly not _your car.A:t
6、o lock B:to have locked C:locking D:having lockedB解析解析动词不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式,是是对过对过去发生的事或过去没有实现的去发生的事或过去没有实现的期待或计划期待或计划的一种叙述的一种叙述.2:不定式的时态不定式的时态不定式不定式3:不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式.例例1:Hewarnedhisyoungerbrother_thedoor.A:nottoopenB:tonotopenC:toopennotD:notopen要注意要注意warn后跟词方式后跟词方式warn sb.(not)to do sth.warn sb.agai
7、nst doing sth.该题应该用该题应该用结构结构,此外此外not应放在应放在to之前之前A析析分分词词1.作作定语定语2.作作表语表语3.作作宾补宾补4.作作状语状语1:1:作定语作定语例例:1Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company,_as 3M.A:knowing B:known C:being known D:to be knownB答案是答案是B.known as 3M=which was known as 3M.过去过去 分词做定语与其所修饰名词在逻辑上分词做定语与其所修饰名词在逻辑上有被动
8、关系有被动关系,表示动作的被动或完成表示动作的被动或完成。Eg:Eg:析析过去分词过去分词 现在分词的被动语态作定语现在分词的被动语态作定语,表示分词的动作正表示分词的动作正在发生在发生.不定式不定式的被动语态的被动语态作定语作定语,表示将要发生的动作。表示将要发生的动作。The house built last year is a hospital now.The house being built now will be a hospital.The house to be built next year will be a hospital.whichwaswhichiswhichis析
9、析过去分词过去分词2:2:作表语作表语例例1:Sarah,hurry up!I am afraid you wont have time to _before the party.A:get changed B:get change C:get changing D:get to changeA此题此题考查过去分词作表语的用法考查过去分词作表语的用法,getget是连系动词是连系动词 类似的有类似的有:get paid,get burnt,get hurt,get wounded,get married,get washed(洗脸洗脸).).析析过去分词过去分词3:作宾补例例(NMET2000
10、)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry outCThe plan 与carry out 的关系是被动关系.See sth.done 这结构常见的还有watch,notice,observe,have和(make)sth.done.析析例例1_by terrorists,the tall building collapsed.A:Attacking B:Having been at
11、tacked C:Attacked D:Attack过去分词过去分词现在分词的完成被动式只作状语现在分词的完成被动式只作状语,且能为过去分词且能为过去分词所替代所替代.并可转换成状语从句并可转换成状语从句.析析例例2:Having done his homework,he went to bed.=_he_ his homework,he went to bed.B4:作状语作状语After_had done现现在在分分词词形形式式1.作作状语状语2.作作宾补宾补现在分词的形式现在分词的形式例例_the program,they have to stay there for another t
12、wo weeks.A:Not completing B:Not completed C:Not having completed D:Having not completedC当动词动作发生在后,用分词完成式,否定词not 要前置.如例.1:作状语解析现在分词的形式现在分词的形式2:作宾补 例例:The old farmer had his leg _but he had his tractors _day and night.A.hurting;working B.hurting;workedC.hurt;working D.hurt;worked have sth done.leg和补足语
13、hurt应是被动的，故用过去分词,have sth/sb doing,宾语与补足语的关系是主动的，要用现在分词表示动作持续.析析C动动名名词词的的形形式式1.作作主语主语2.作作宾语宾语1.动名词作主语动名词作主语1）名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实眼见为实2）动名词在动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名词等名词+doing”结构中作主语，结构中作主语，it为形式主语。例如：为形式主语。例如：Itisnogoodwritingtohim;henever
14、answersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。3）动名词在动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词等形容词+doing”结结构中作主语。例如：构中作主语。例如：Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后下棋挺好。晚饭后下棋挺好。4）动名词在动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构结构中作主语。例如：中作主语。例如：Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.他要做什么一点消息都没有。他要做什么一点消息都没有。1.Itsno
15、good_oversplitmilk.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry2.Itisnouse_withoutthrough_.A.toread;understoodB.reading;understandingC.toread;understandD.read;tounderstand3._providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养营养),while_providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed-Whatmad
16、ehimsohappy?-_theentranceexaminationBecauseofpassingB.BecausehepassedC.HavingbeenpassedD.Havingpassed2.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：这样用的动词有：admit承认承认；excuse原谅原谅；practise练习；练习；appreciate欣赏；欣赏；finish完成；完成；prevent防止；防止；avoid避免；避免；forbid禁止；禁止；consider考虑；考虑；forgive宽恕；宽恕；delay耽搁
17、；耽搁；imagine想象；想象；deny否认；否认；involve涉及；涉及；resist抵制；抵制；keep保留；保留；risk冒险；冒险；mind在意；在意；save挽挽救；救；suggest建议；建议；enjoy喜欢；喜欢；escape逃避；逃避；2）有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：用的动词短语有：cantstand忍不住；忍不住；canthelp忍不住；忍不住；feellike想欲；想欲；giveup放弃；放弃；putoff推迟推迟例如：例如：Doyoufeelliketakingawalk?你要不要去散步？你要不要
18、去散步？3）动名词动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样。常这样用的介词短语有：用的介词短语有：insteadof,lookforwardto,objectto,keepon,seeabout等。等。例如：例如：WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我们期待着来中国。我们期待着来中国。4）在在“havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+动名词动名词；bebusy(in)+动名词；动名词；wastetime(in)+动动名词；名词；losttime(in
19、)+动名词；动名词；Thereisnopoint(in)+动名词动名词”等结构中，动名词做介等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，词宾语，in常要省去。常要省去。例如：例如：Thechildrenarebusydoingtheirhomework.孩子们忙于做作业。孩子们忙于做作业。Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?_theinvitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.TomsdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.TomdelayedtosendIambusy_fortheentranceexamination,soIcant
20、help_houseworkathome.A.preparing;doingB.preparing;todoC.toprepare;doingD.toprepare;todo.Hedevotedhislifeto_theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudiedWhatworriedthechildmostwas_tovisithismotherinthehospital.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed常常用用的的
21、结结构构1.1.名词名词/主格代词主格代词+that+that从句从句2.2.名词名词/主格代词主格代词+过分或现分过分或现分3.3.名词名词/主格代词主格代词+不定式不定式4.4.名词名词/主格代词主格代词+形容词形容词5.5.名词名词/主格代词主格代词+介词短语介词短语/副词副词6.There/It(6.There/It(等等)+being+)+being+名词名词 （独（独立主格）立主格）例1:Thespeech_,alivelydiscussionstarted.A:being delivered B:was delivered C:be delivered D:having been
22、 deliveredD析析独立主格结构的特征是独立主格结构的特征是,句子句子的主语不是它的逻辑主语的主语不是它的逻辑主语.deliver a speech:deliver a speech:作演讲作演讲比较:1:His homework_,he went to bed.A3:_his homework,he went to bed.B2:With his homework_,he went to bed.AA:done B:Having done C:do D:had done4:After he_his homework,he went to bed.DExercises:Chinese t
23、ranslationn1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow_Englishwell.nA.learningB.learnednC.tolearnD.learnExercises:Chinese translationn:Theflowers_sweetinthegardenattractmanyvisitors.nA:tosmellB:smellingnC:smeltD:tobesmeltExercises:Chinese translationnTodaysomechildrensactionsgetparents_.nA:worriedB:toworrynC:worryingD:worryExercises:Chinese translationn3.Ourfatheroftentoldusthat_isbelieving.nA:toseeB:seeingnC:seeD:tobeseen