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1、Unit 3UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATIONToreviewinfinitivesanddosomeexercises.Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage.Then mark their functions.1Asthesubject(S)主语主语2Asthepredicative(P)表语表语3Astheobject(O)宾语宾语4Astheobjectcomplement(OC)宾补宾补5Astheattributive(Attr)定语定语6Astheadverbial(Ad)
2、状语状语Suggested Answers:Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionfor.MarcoPolostalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals.Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.(S)(OC)(Ad)(Attr)To
3、reachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationand.Tradinghasgrowngreatly.,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.(P)(Attr)(O)(O;A
4、ttr)(S).ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.(Attr;Ad)(Attr)(Attr;Attr;OC)动词不定式动词不定式主动主动被动
5、被动用法用法一般式一般式todotobedone表示在谓语动词所表示表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作之后或同时发生的动作的动作完成式完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示在谓语动词所表示表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作的动作之前发生的动作进行式进行式tobedoing/表示正在进行的动作，表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生作同时发生完成进行式完成进行式tohavebeendoing/表示在谓语动词所表示表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的的动作之前一直进行的动作动作不定式的构成与形式不定式的构成与形式不定式是非谓
6、语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。等。e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.Hewantstoknowhismotherssecret.Mydreamistowriteabookaboutmylife.Theprofessoraskedherassistanttomakeadetailedplan.ThebestplacetovisitinMayismyhometown.Ireturnedhomeonlytofind
7、shehadleft.不定式的用法不定式的用法不定式作主语和宾语不定式作主语和宾语常跟不定式作宾语的动词常跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放放到谓语的后面。到谓语的后面。e.g.Itwaswiseofyoutorefus
8、ehisinvitation.有些动词既有些动词既可跟不定式，可跟不定式，又又可跟可跟v.-ing形式形式作作宾语宾语，但意义有，但意义有所区别。这类动词所区别。这类动词有有remember,forget,regret,try,mean等等。remember/forget/regrettodoremember/forget/regretdoingtrytodotrydoingmeantodomeandoinge.g.Imsorrytohavedonethat.Ididntmeantobesorude.Thatdoesntmeanreadingittooslowly.记得记得/忘记忘记/遗憾要做
9、某事遗憾要做某事记得记得/忘记忘记/懊悔做过某事懊悔做过某事设法做某事设法做某事试着做试着做某事某事打算、意欲做打算、意欲做某某事事意味着意味着不同意义和用法不同意义和用法need/want(想要想要)todosth.need/want(需要需要)/require(需要需要)+doing=need/want(需要需要)/require(需要需要)+tobedone(v.-ing主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义)这三个词这三个词need,want,require既既可跟不定式，又可跟可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式形式作作宾语，但意义和用法宾语，但意义和用法不同。不同。e.g.Theflo
10、werswant/need/requirewateringonceaweek.Theflowerswant/needtobewateredonceaweek.被被only,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作不定式作定语。定语。e.g.Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.Tomisthebestmantodothejob.有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability,chance,desire
11、,decision,effort,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,time,way等。等。e.g.Aftermonthsofunemployment,allheaskedforwasachancetoearnhisbread.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式不定式作状语，常表示作状语，常表示目的、原因、目的、原因、结果结果等。等。e.g.Theyweregladtoseetheirsontakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.Tocatchthebus,Igotupat
12、sixthismorningIjumpedwithjoytohearit.不定式不定式作结果状语时，常用于作结果状语时，常用于“only+不定式不定式”结构，表结构，表示未曾预料到的或示未曾预料到的或令人不快令人不快的结果的结果。e.g.Afriendofminecametoseemetonight.Alanliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.不定式作补语不定式作补语advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persua
13、de,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon跟不定式跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：作补语的动词及动词词组：e.g.Iwasinterestedinastronomyandheaskedmetogiveapresentationtotheclass.Weretryingtopersuademanufacturerstosellthemhere.感官感官动词和使役动词后常接动词和使役动词后常接省省to的的不定式不定式作宾语补足语，作宾语补足语，但但在在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式被动语态中
14、，作主语补足语的不定式to不能省略。不能省略。e.g.SomeonesawMaryenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.Marywasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-4_(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新课新课标全国卷标全国卷I)2.Thenextmorninghehireda
15、boatandsetout_(find)thewell-knownpainter.(2020新新课标全国卷课标全国卷III)3.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020年新课标全国卷年新课标全国卷II)tofindtofindtocareJoin the words to make sentences using infinitives.Then decide the function of each infinitive.
16、1.He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition2.Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser3.Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworldHeencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.(OC)Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.(P)Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.(Attr)4.TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aim
17、s/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts5.Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchworkTheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.(O)Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.(Ad)v.鼓掌鼓掌6.Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeop
18、leusethemless7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater8.Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsulecanworkItisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.(S)TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.(O;O)Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.(O
19、)v.对征税；使征税；使纳税税n.胶囊；太空胶囊；太空舱Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep_(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyiti
20、snotrare_(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants_(dance)inthefast-movingwater.tomeasuretoseedancingInthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKingscastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof_(form)ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud_(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea
21、-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.tohavebeenformedThemostcommonwayfortheprincesses_(play)alldaylongis_(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls,feedingandtouchin
22、gthefish_(swim)uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem_(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,whotoplayswimming/toswimswimmingnottoworrySuggested answer:.whowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsallthewaytothesurfaceandseesalargeship.Ittravelstowardheratgreatspeedandterrifiesher.Sheswimsbelo
23、wthesurfaceofthewaterandjustmanagestoswimawayfromthebigship.Shenowrealisesthatitisascaryworldoutsideoftheocean,andshedecidestostaywithherfamilyandfriendsunderthesea.What do you think happens next?根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。1)Itsmygreathonor_(认识你认识你).2)Imhungry,getme_(吃的东吃的东西西),plea
24、se.3)Thepurposeofnewtechnologyis_(使生活更加容易使生活更加容易).4)Thenewsreporterhurriedtotheairport,only_(被告知被告知)thefilmstarhadleft.toknowyousomethingtoeattomakelifeeasiertobetold5)Theteacheraskedus_(不要弄出这么大的噪音不要弄出这么大的噪音).6)Weareleavingatsixoclock,andhope_(午饭前到达那里午饭前到达那里).7)Theyknowherverywell.Theyhad_(看着她长大看着她长大)sincechildhood.8)Thoughheoften_(把他的小妹妹弄哭把他的小妹妹弄哭),todayhe_(被弄哭被弄哭)byher.nottomakesuchloudnoisetoarrive/gettherebeforelunchtimeseenhergrowupmakeshislittlesistercrywasmadetocry