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1、2023年全国医学考博统考考博英语真题31.He _ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelledB.endorsedC.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school _ her raceA. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance with C.with respect toD.on a
2、ccount of 33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be _ for him as chairman at the meeting.A.standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗B.coming up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参与D.filling in34The witness was._ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentenced B.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,规定, 催
3、D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they are trying to _ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried. publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A.put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻B.laugh off v.用笑摆脱C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利D.lay offv.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer _ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestigen.声望, 威望, 威信B.p
4、aradise 天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不也许的。We must respect others -cies我们不该打听别人的私事37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are _ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scatteredB.condensed(使)浓缩, 精简C.clogged堵阻塞（up）塞堵， 阻满（with）D.dotted38.Someone who is in _ conf
5、inement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison.A. preciseB.solitary solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remote D.confidential39.She is very _ , and will be able to perpform all require tasks well.A.productive B.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.versatile40.Various books and papers are _ up togethir on her desk.A.jumb
6、led adj.混乱的, 乱七八糟的B.tumbledC.bumbledv.拙劣地做, 弄糟,n.大错误D.humbledSection B41. _ A.B.C.D.42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasionsl showerintersperse with.点缀着,不时用.打断.A.interrupted .B.blocked C.blended D.interested43._ A.B.C.D.44._ A.B.C.D.45._ A.B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and w
7、ould not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的A.persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly稳定的， 不变的;忠实的， 忠贞不渝的C.perpetually永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously精神旺盛地47._ A.B.C.D.48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work done fed up with受够了.A.anguished at 使痛苦苦恼, 悲痛B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为
8、(某事)而气愤C.agonized by烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Lets get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all. 断然地, 坚决地A.at the moment B.at any time C.for a whileD.for the last time50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.A.engraved
9、 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的 C.enforced逼迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强. D.enveloped完型填空 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock文化冲击is precipitated by the 51 that result from losing all our fam
10、iliar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousands and one ways in thich we 52 ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say,when we meet people, when and how to give tips,how to make purchases,when to accept and when to 53 invitat
11、ions,when to take statements seriously and 54 .These cues,which may be words,gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are 55 a part of our cultrue as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend 56 our peace of mind内心的宁
12、静 and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues,most of which we do not carry,57 conscious awareness. Now when individual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are 58 .He or she is like a fish out water.No matter how broad-minded气量大的or full of goodwill you may be, a series of pr
13、ops小道具 have been knocked 59 you,followed by feeling of frustrations and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”When foreigners in a strange hand ge
14、t together to grouse抱怨about the 60country and its people.You can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.51.A.complaint B.anxiety C.grief D.conflict斗争, 冲突52.A.convert B.associate C.orient I havent been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions.我尚未能使自己的观点适应新情况。 D.familiarize53.A. refuse B.w
15、elcome C.deliver D.withdraw54.A.why not B.what not C.when not D.where not 55.A.as much B.as such C.as well D.as if56.A.on B.with C.as D.for57.A.on the level of B.in accordance with C.be means of D.in view of考虑到, 由于58.A.adjusted B.modified C.rejeted D.removed59.A.from behind B.from under C.out of D.a
16、way from60.A.guest B.target C.host D.masterpassage 2 High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace is taking its toll代价,according to science writer James Gleick. Its as if the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into 扩大为the “hurry sickness ”of the many.“We do feel t
17、hat were more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰 and generally rushed than ever before”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎Everything,a survey of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily,losing control, and thinking superficiall
18、y because we lie faster.Technology has conditioned us to expect instant results.Internet purchases arrive by next-day delivery and the microvave delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssibleand increasingly obligatory义务的for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous
19、examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates on network newscasts dropped from 40 secinds in 1868 to 10 seconds in 1998 ; and some fast-food restaurants have added express lanes小路.High expectations for ins
20、tant service方便的服务 make even the brief wait for an elevator seem interminable (漫长的). “A good waiting time is in the neighborhood of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然upset”writes Gleick.Were dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like ru
21、sh-hour高峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts the evening commute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪squirm if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is not instantaneous即刻的.And the concert of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiti
22、ng on hold for a telephone representative.Up-tempo快速living has turned people multitaskers-eating while driving,writing an e-mail whiletalking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to these new levels of st
23、imuli as high-speed culture challenges our brains“in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war”.We may gain the flexibility to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth 进一步的on a single task. 66with living pace getting quicker and quick,
24、the number of those of “Type-A”behavior is A.on the riseB.out or controlC.on the declineD.under investigation67High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of除.外,A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste 68The best conclusion can be drawn from the 3rd
25、paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving culture B.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technologyD.the frantic pace is taking its toll69As the author implies,the faster we live,_A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more eff
26、iciency have70Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend_A.to scratch the surface of a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on trivial thingspassage 3 Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middl
27、e-aged people or leaving them chronically disabled.Then one day researchers come up with a drug that can prevent some of the diseases nastier威胁的effects.You would think the worlds ageing public would be eternally grateful. The disease does exist.It is called tobacco addiction.The drug too is real and
28、 in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话. Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow杂耍的,distracting smokers from the task of quitting.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers agains
29、t cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion because it could give smokers an excuse not to quit.On the face of从表面判断it these responses make sense.It is ingrained彻底的, 根深蒂固in society that smokers have only themselves to blame and their salvation拯救, 救助lies in a simple act of will.If they will not quit smoki
30、ng,they cannot expect help from anyone else.But this logic is flawed有缺陷的.Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum齿龈, 口香糖,patches and drugs to ease the ordeal,the quit rate is still under 10 percent
31、.In the UK , the proportion of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip,and many smoker are caught in a trap they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.This reasoning is hard for many to swallow.It ce
32、rtainly leaves governments and anti-smoking groups in a bind处在困境,左右为难. They are happy to pay lip service to口头上支持methods for reducing harm-of which three are a growing unmber-but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,look years to指望, 依赖; even consider r
33、egulating the dangerous additives in cigarettes.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释the message that tobacco kills-especially when given to youngsters.But that message wont change.In the present case,even if both drugs turn out证明是.to work in human trials,they would not prot
34、ect against all the deadly side effects of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.There are things that no drug aimed at harm reduction will ever be able to be.It will not cut passive sm
35、oking or stop tobacco companies persuading millions of teenagers to light up.For these reasons all other ways to counter smoking must continue,from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes.But it would be a mistake to ignore the harm reduction measures.For those who are not convinced,for
36、get smokers for a moment.Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers,especially those working long hours,as,say,musicians and bar stall in smoky rooms.Should we deny them too?71The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that_A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventor
37、s just presented a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72The author argues that _A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution to stop smok
38、ing need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs_A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of charge C.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate the dangerous additives in cigarattes 74T
39、he drugs,according to the author,are expected_A.to perform preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat against smokingD.all of the above 75we can draw a conclusion from the passage that_A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal g
40、ratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldnt withhold it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 4 Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infants means of gaining bo
41、th food and emotional security conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation.If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body cintact as well as good mild intake,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy t
42、he nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to shrive both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the childs hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle the chi
43、ld hostilely during the feeding,or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age.If ,in addition,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will car
44、ry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individuals family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts.If an individuals family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she
45、 will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event,then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern
46、 and be adversely affected by it.This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to 醒悟the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and
47、 is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76A well
48、-breast-fed child_A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77while sucking ,the baby is actually_A.conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with his or her mother C.creati