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1、Period5GrammarTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisisthefifthperiod,whichwillcenteronthegrammar:usingthepastparticipleastheattributeandthepredicative.Atthebeginningofthisperiod,theteachershouldgivethestudentssometimetogooverwhattheylearnedinthelastperiod.Latertheteacherhadbetterpresentsomesentencescontaini
2、ngthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicativeonpurposebyaskingthestudentstodosomeexercises.Getthestudentstofindallthesentencescontainingthepastparticipleinthetwopassages.Afterfindingthem,theteachercanaskthestudentstoanalyzethemandunderstandthefunctionofthepastparticipleinthosesentences.Afte
3、rthattheteachershouldgivethestudentsclearexplanationsabouttheusageofthegrammar.Aftermasteringtherulesofthepastparticiple,thestudentsshouldbegivenmoreexercisestoconsolidatewhattheylearn.Theteachershouldarrangesomeactivitiescarefullyandcreatively.Firstletthemdosomesimpleexercises.Forexample,combinethe
4、twosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheattributeandthepredicative.Thenaskthemtomakesomesentencesusingthepastparticiple.Besidesthat,theteachershouldhelpthestudentstoreviewtheotherusagesofthepastparticiple.Intheend,letthemwriteapassageusingthepastparticipleproperly.Apartfromtheusageofthepastparticiple
5、,theteacherhadbettermakethestudentsunderstandthedifferencesbetweenthepastparticipleandthepresentparticiple.Inordertohavethestudentsmasterit,theteachershouldchoosesomeexercisestosupplythestudentswithsomeproblemstodealwith.Bydoingandpracticingmore,thestudentsmaymasterthegrammar.TeachingImportantPointT
6、olearnaboutthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.TeachingDifficultyToknowthedifferencesbetweenthepastparticipleandthepresentparticiple.TeachingAidsMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeAimTolearnaboutthepastparticipleusedastheattributeand
7、thepredicative.AbilityAimTousethepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredictivefreelyandproperlyinspeakingandwriting.EmotionalAimsEncouragethestudentslearnmoreaboutthegrammar.Helpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitinlearning.Encouragethestudentstodomoreexercisestoconsolidatetheirknowledge.TeachingProced
8、ureStep1GreetingT:Hello,myfriends.Ss:Hello,Miss.Step2RevisionT:Doyoustillrememberwhatyoulearnedinthisunit?Wouldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutthegreatscientistswelearnedinthisunit.FirstpleasesomethingaboutJohnSnow.S:Johnsnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,defeatedcholera.S:Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaini
9、nghowcholerakilledpeople.S:JohnSnowgatheredtheinformationandmarkeditonamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.S:Hediscoveredthatmanyofthedeathswerenearthewater.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.Ss:.T:Youreallydidaverygoodjob.Now,letssaysomethingaboutNicolausCopernicus.S1:NicolausCopernicusbelievedthattheearthisn
10、otthecentreofthesolarsystem.ButatthattimepeopleallbelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.S2:In1514heshowedhistheoryprivatelytohisfriendsandexplainedhistheory.S3:HewasverycautiousbecausehedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianchurch.S4:Hepublished
11、histheoryashelaydyingin1543.S5:HistheorywasrejectedbytheChristianChurch.Step3PresentationT:Todaywewilllearnthegrammarpastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.FirstlookatyourtextonPage4,partI.Lookatthefollowingsentenceswherethepastparticiplesareused.T:Inthissentencethepastparticipleisusedasa
12、nattributephrase.Terrifiedpeoplemeanspeoplewhowereterrified.Nowpleasefindtwomoreexamplesfromthereadingpassageswithpastparticiplesusedastheattribute.Youareallowedtofindasmanysentencesaspossibleintwominutes.(Twominuteslater,askthestudentstoreportwhattheyhavefound.)S1:Fromthestomachthediseaseattackedth
13、ebodyquicklyandsoontheaffectedpersonwasdead.S2:ImmediatelyJohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroad Streettoremovethehandlefromthewaterpumpsoitcouldnotbeused.S3:JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexaminedandnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.S4:Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthes
14、olarsystem.T:Good.Youjustfoundallthesentencescontainingthepastparticiplesusedastheattributes.Besidesusingastheattribute,thepastparticiplescanalsobeusedasthepredicative.Canyoufindthesentenceswithpastparticiplesusedasthepredicative?Finishitintwominutes.(Twominuteslater,letthestudentsreadthesesentences
15、withpastparticiplesasthepredicative.)S1:Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.S2:Heknewitwouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.S3:Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.S4:TheyweregivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroad Streetpump.S5:Hefoundthatitcamefromtheri
16、ver,whichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.S6:ImmediatelyJohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroad Streettoremovethehandlefromthewaterpumpsoitcouldnotbeused.Step4PractisingT:Fromthesentencesmentionedjustnow,whatdoyouknowabouttheusageofpastparticiplesastheattributeandthepredicative?S:Weusepastpar
17、ticiplesasattributeswhenwewanttojointwoclausestogether.T:Yes,verygood.Nowletslookatthescreenandfinishtheexercisesquickly.PastParticipleastheAttributePastParticipleasthePredicative1.terrifiedpeople2.reservedseats3.pollutedwater4.acrowdedroom5.apleasedwinner6.7.8.9.10.1.2.3.4.5.6.childrenwholookastoni
18、shed7.avasethatisbroken8.adoorthatisclosed9.theaudiencewhofeeltired10.ananimalthatistrappedSuggestedanswers:1.peoplewhoareterrified2.seatswhicharereserved3.waterwhichispolluted4.aroomwhichiscrowded5.awinnerwhoispleased6.astonishedchildren7.abrokenvase8.acloseddoor9.thetiredaudience10.atrappedanimal过
19、去分词作定语,在语态上,表主动;在时刻上,表示举动已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于主动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。如:Thedestroyedhousewillberebuiltnextyear.这种情况下的过去分词为及物动词的过去分词。不迭物动词的过去分词特不少能单独作前置定语,少数表示形状修改或位置转移的动词的过去分词可前置,仅表示时刻的完成,无主动意思。而如今分词表示举动正在进展。如:fallingleaves正在下落的树叶adevelopingcountry开展中国家theboilingwater沸水fallenlea
20、ves落叶adevelopedcountry兴旺国家theboiledwater(凉开水T:Besidesthis,thepastparticiplecanbeputafterthenountomodifythenounform,forexample,Thefamouswritersplay,mentionedinoneofmybooks,waspublishedin1963.Doyouunderstandthesentence?S:Thefamouswritersplay,whichwasmentionedinoneofmybooks,waspublishedin1963.T:Yes,ver
21、ygood.Inthissentencewecangettwopiecesofinformation.A:Thefamouswritersplaywaspublishedin1963.B:Theplaywasmentionedinoneofmybooks.Now,letsdosomeexercisestocombinetwosentencestogetherusingpastparticipleastheattribute.1.Thisisoneofthequestions.Itwasdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.S:Itisoneofthequestionsd
22、iscussedatthemeetingyesterday.T:Hisletterwasaddressedtothewrongnumber.Itreachedmelate.S:Hisletter,addressedtothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.T:Thestudentsdidntknowhowtoanswerit.Theyweresurprisedatthewaythequestionwasput.S:Thestudents,surprisedatthewaythequestionwasput,didntknowhowtoanswerit.T:Theaudien
23、ceallvoicedsupportforthesuggestion.Theyweremovedbyhisspeech.S:Theaudience,movedbyhisspeech,allvoicedsupportforhissuggestion.T:Basketballisnowaninterestingsport.ItwasfirstplayedintheUSA.S:Basketball,firstplayedintheUSA,isnowaninterestingsport.T:Welldone.留心下面过去分词作定语的几多种情况:1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:th
24、eterrifiedpeople,thepollutedwater,theastonishedpeople。单个分词也能够作后置定语,用以夸大年夜举动。如:Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换应用的材料。2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其感染相当于一个定语从句。如:ThemanchosenmayorofthecityreceivedaDoctorsDegreeofEngineering.3.如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。如:Doyouha
25、veanythingunfinished?4.单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合描绘词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的举动或举动主体,所加的副词表示办法、时刻、程度、性质等意思。如:anewly-bornbaby,awell-knowndoctor。T:Nowletscometothepastparticipleusedasthepredicative.Generallyspeakingthepastparticipleusedasthepredicativeshowsthestatethesubjectremains.(过去分词作表语
26、表示主语所处的形状。)eg:Iwassurprisedtofindthatsuchgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinthecollege.Nowlookatthescreen.Finishtheexercisesquickly.1.Hegot_aboutlosingthemoney.2.Whydoyoualwayslookso_?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3.Iwas_withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.Everybodywas_tohearthedeathofthefamousfil
27、mstar.5.Thechildrenarereally_aboutgoingtothezoo.6.Hiswoundbecame_withanewvirus.Suggestedanswers:1.worried2.tired3.disappointed4.astonished5.excited6.infectedT:Welldone.Step5FurtherPractisingT:Nowletsdosomeexercises.1.TheOlympicGames,_(play)in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.2.Cleaningwomen
28、inbigcitiesget_(pay)bythehour.3.Mostofthepeople_(invite)tothepartydidntturnupbecauseoftheheavyrain.4.Whoistheman_(talk)toourheadmaster?5.Theprofessor_(pay)avisittoourschoolisfromBeijingUniversity.6.The_(die)manwasimmediatelytakentohospital.7.Thesoldiersgotoffthetruckandmovedthe_(fall)treeawayfromthe
29、highway.8.We_(surprise)tofindthatfewofthestudentsdidtheexperimentwell.Suggestedanswers:18:played,paid,invited,talking,paying,dying,fallen,surprisedStep6ConsolidationT:Inthisperiod,wemainlyfocusonthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.Afterclass,wouldyoupleasewriteapassagecontainingpast
30、participlesandpresentparticiples,whichshowsthatyouhaveknownhowtousepastparticiplesproperly?Besides,youwillalsohavetofinishtheexercisesonPage44Ex1-2usingthepastparticiple.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod5GrammarPastparticiplesusedastheattributePastparticiplesusedasthepre
31、dicative1.Itisoneofthequestionsdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.2.Hisletter,addressedtothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.3.Theaudience,movedbyhisspeech,allvoicedsupportforhissuggestion.4.Basketball,firstplayedintheUSA,isnowaninterestingsport.1.Hegotworriedaboutlosingthemoney.2.Whydoyoualwayslooksotired?3.I
32、wasdisappointedwiththefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.Everybodywasastonishedtohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar.5.Thechildrenarereallyexcitedaboutgoingtothezoo.ResearchandActivitiesSupposeyouaremayorofWuxi.Findoutmeasurestostoppollution.Pleaseusethepastparticipleastheattributeandthepredic
33、ative.NowadayseveryoneinWuxiisworriedabouttheenvironment.Theairispolluted.Thewaterispolluted.Wecannotbreathethepollutedairanymore.LetstakeactionStudentsshouldusetheirimaginationandcreativitytocontinuethewriting.ReferenceforTeaching如今分词跟过去分词的区不如今分词跟过去分词要紧差异在于:如今分词表示“主动跟进展,过去分词表示“主动跟完成(不迭物动词的过去分词不表示主动
34、,只表示完成)。分词能够有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1.单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰之前有些单个过去分词作宾语时,也可放在被修饰词之后,如:分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后,偶尔可用定语从句替换。单个分词作前置定语表示被修饰词所发出的举动,即分词举动的逻辑主语是它修饰的词。如:TheexcitingnewsthatChineseathleteswonover20goldmedalsinSydney2000OlympicGamesinspiredallofus.单个如今分词作前置定语,表示被修饰词所发出的举动,即Thenewswasexciting.Thebuildinglyingonth
35、ewestoftheseacostsome20000000dollars.如今分词短语作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句thatlies如今分词表示主动的举动或正在进展的主动举动,如:boilingwater,therisingsun,developingcountry;过去分词表示主动举动或已完成的举动,如:boiledwater,therisensun,developedcountry。2.分词作后置定语应留心:(1)如今分词表示的举动:一个正在进展的举动,如:Canyouseetheshipdisappearing(thatisdisappearing)inthedistance?表示当前的
36、举动,如:Canyoutellmethenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty(whowillcometotheparty)?表示某个经常性的举动或形状,如;Thegirllookingafter(wholooksafter)Harryschildrengets200dollarsaweek.(2)过去分词表示的举动:发生在谓语动词的举动之前,如:Isthisthebookwritten(thatwaswritten)byHenryJames?与句中谓语动词是呼应的经常性的举动,如:Hewasthenaprofessorrespected(thatwasrespected
37、)byalltheteachersandstudentsofthecollege.being+过去分词构造表示举动正在进展,如:The65-storeyedbuildingbeingbuilt(thatisbeingbuilt)willberunbyaUScompany.正在树破的那座65层大年夜楼将由一家美国公司经营。tobe+过去分词构造表示一个当前举动,如:Hewasinvitedtotheconferencetobeheld(thatwillbeheld)inShanghaiinMay2001.分词前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我们能够看到东升的向阳。Heisareti
38、redworker.他是位退休的工人。分词后置(i.分词词组;ii.个不分词如given,left;iii.修饰不定代词something等)Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那儿。Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的咨询题。Thereisnothinginteresting.不幽默的东西。过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是主动关系,相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromS
39、outh Africa.模范例题1)Thefirsttextbook_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written分析：书与写作是主动关系,应用过去分词作定语表被动,相当于定语从句whichiswritten。答案：D2Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak分析：主语language与谓语动词之间有主动的含义。spoken是动词spe
40、ak的过去分词办法,在句中作定语,修饰主语language,spoken与language有主动关系。该句能够理解为:Whatsthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman?答案：B3.作表语的分词素日看作描绘词来用。如今分词表示主语的性质,同时主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或形状,主语多为人。如:(1)Thestoryisinteresting.故事幽默。Weareinterestedincomputers.我们对打算机感兴趣。(2)Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯破了。(3)Thewaterisboiled.水是开的。两种办法的过去分词在英语中,有些动词
41、有两种过去分词办法,同时它们在用法跟意思上差异1)learned/learnt两者都可用在完成式中构成谓语,但learned还可作定语“博学的之意解。而learnt不克不迭。举例Wehavelearned/learnt200newwordssincelastterm.从上学期开场,我们已经学了200个新词了。ProfessorWangisalearnedman.王教学是个有学咨询的人。2)lighted/litlighted可用作定语,lit用作表语。举例Thelightedcandlelitthewholeroom.毁灭了的蜡烛照亮了房间。Thecigaretteisnotlit.烟没点着。
42、3)hung/hangedhung意为“悬挂,hanged意为“绞去世,吊去世。举例Afamouspaintingishungonthewall.墙上挂着一幅名画。Hewashangedbyhisenemy.他是被冤家绞去世的。4)hid/hiddenhid用于完成时,hidden可作表语跟定语。举例Thesunishidden.太阳被云遮住了。Theremustbesomeonehiddeninthecupboard.肯定有人藏在柜子里。Wherehaveyouhidmybook?你把我的书藏在哪儿了？5)struck/strickenstruck用于完成时构成谓语,stricken用作定语
43、,还可表示“受到攻击。举例Theclockhasstruckthree.时钟已敲响了三点。Therescueteamsracedtothestrickenship.救援队破刻前往援救遭灾船只。6)born/borneborn既可用作表语,又可用作定语,borne用于完成时构成谓语。举例HewasborninJapanin1973.他于1973年降生于日本。Sheisabornsinger.她是个天生的唱歌家。Shehasbornetwoboys.她已经生了两个男孩。7)burned/burntburned夸大年夜燃烧的举动,burnt夸大年夜形状或结果,还可用作定语。举例Alotofpeopl
44、ewereburnedinthebigfire.特不多人在那场大年夜火中被烧去世了。Oilisburntincars.汽车用汽油作燃料。Theburntpeoplearebeingtreatedinhospital.烧伤的人们正在住院承受治疗。8)sunk/sunkensunk用作表语,sunken用作定语。举例TheshipofTitanicwassunkforever.泰坦尼克永久地漂浮了。Thesunkenboatcouldneverbefound.那艘沉船再也不寻到。9)melted/moltenmelted用作表语,molten用作定语。举例Theiceintheriverismelted.河里的冰消融了。Themoltensteellookslikewater.消融了的钢看上去像水一样。