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1、2021 届汕头市华侨中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A You might not expect it,but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change.Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass,Now scientists have sh
2、own that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago.But this work was done in a laboratory,there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In t
3、he lab studies,the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed,and they would cause losing weight.That wasnt helpful,since cows are often sold by weight.It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now,scientists from the University of California,Davis
4、have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months.They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood,which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off.This time,they used a much smaller amount of se
5、aweed,which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly good.In some cases,the cows produced 82%less methane.The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given,but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33%less methane.Over the five months,the scientists didnt see any s
6、igns that the cows stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows.The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows,but they didnt need as much food.But there are still so
7、me big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed.For one thing,theres notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world.So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives,cows live in fields,where they eat the grass.That mean
8、s theres no chance to feed them seaweed every day.These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still,its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1.Why di
9、d the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A.To control the amount of seaweed.B.To record the weight cows gained.C.To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D.To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2.The underlined word“adequate”means _.A.common B.special C.lacking D.enough 3.The passage
10、is written to _.A.appeal to people not to raise the cows B.encourage people to plant the seaweed C.remind people of controlling cows weight D.call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution B Brain cells work to actively forget memories during a specific period of sleep.When we sleep our brai
11、ns clear out the memories weve made while were awake,deciding what to keep and what to get rid of.Forgetting is an active process,explained the authors of the study published in the journal Science.But less is known about this process during the different periods of sleep.They found that during the
12、rapid eye movement(REM)sleep period or active sleep when we are thought to dream special nerve cells appear to actively contribute to forgetting.What are known as melanin-concentrating hormone-producing(MCH)neurons(神经元)sit in the hypothalamus(下丘脑):a part of the brain which helps with a range of func
13、tions such as sleep,appetite and emotions.Past research has suggested these cells help to control REM sleep patterns:activating the MCH neurons increasing time spentin this period,while preventingthemreducing changes into this period.The scientists looked at MCH cells in mice,and found 52.8 percent
14、were active during REM sleep,compared with 35 percent when the mice were awake.Study co-author Thomas Kilduff,director of the Center for Neuroscience at SRI International,told Newsweek the team was surprised to find that mice performed better on learning and memory tasks when the MCH cells were prev
15、ented.“This result suggests that activation of the MCH neurons may affect memory that is,MCH neurons may facilitate forgetting,”Kilduff explained.When asked what motivated the study,Kilduff said,“We hope the work could deepen our understanding of Alzheimers disease.Understanding the neural basis of
16、learning and memory is a huge area of neuroscience research because of its effects on our everyday lives,as well as diseases such as Alzheimers disease.Prior to this work,no one suspected that MCH neurons had anything to do with forgetting,”said Kilduff.4.What can we infer from paragraph 1?A.Forgett
17、ing is a passive process.B.The forgetting process is known to us.C.Some memories are forgotten while we are awake.D.Certain memories are removed while we are asleep.5.What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.REM sleep patterns.B.Past researches.C.MCH neurons.D.A range of function
18、s.6.Why did Kilduffs team conduct the research?A.To publish the study in the journal Science.B.To know more about Alzheimers disease.C.To contribute to humans forgetting.D.To explore our everyday lives.7.What can we know about MCH?A.MCH cells takes control of REM sleep patterns.B.MCH neurons may dis
19、turb memory consolidation.C.MCH neurons have nothing to do with forgetting.D.MCH cells help mice performing better on learning.C A trip to thelibrary was like a great journey to a different country.To get there,we had to walk a mile.But our weekly journeys to the library were a piece of perfection.I
20、 had around me at one time all the people I loved best-my father and mother and brothers and sister-and all the things I loved best-quiet,space and books.I read a lot of books about science:not the spaceships my brothers preferred,but the birds and the bees-literally.I brought home a book of birds a
21、nd searched the trees for anything other than robins(知更鸟).I went through a phrase of loving books with practical science experiments and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it on the sides of our apartment building to prove that it was constructed of limestone(石灰石).One Saturday,as I w
22、andered through the young adult section,I saw a title:Little Women,by Lousia May Alcott.I had learned from experience that titles werent everything.A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home.So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs.I read and r
23、ead and read Little Women until it was time to walk home,and,except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating,I did not put it down until the end.Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcott s story.It was about girls,for one thing,girls w
24、ho could almost be like me,especially Jo.I had found someone who thought and felt the way I did.8.What can we say about the authors family?A.They enjoyed traveling abroad.B.They were library frequenters.C.They were very fond of walking.D.They led a perfectly quiet life.9.What does the author mainly
25、want to show in paragraph 2?A.Her different hobbies from her brothers.B.How she conducted science experiments.C.Why she loved books about the birds and the bees.D.Her reading interests during a particular period of time.10.What opinion does the author hold on books?A.Book titles can sometimes be mis
26、leading.B.Science books are as interesting as novels.C.The first few paragraphs of a book are attractive.D.Books seem duller when read in libraries than at home.11.How would the author describe Little Women?A.It helped her to discover her true character.B.It made her forget about food and sleep.C.It
27、 inspired confidence in her.D.It kept her absorbed.D When I was trying to find a place where to spend my December holidays,I met by chance some cheap flights to Iceland.After checking just a few winter pictures of Iceland,I realized that the country,known as the land of fire and ice,during the cold
28、months of the year could offer me experiences I had never had before.For sure you cant miss the chance to go to Iceland in winter if your traveling wish list includes at least one of the crazy experiences Iceland can offer.Iceland in the North Atlantic Ocean is a paradise(乐园)for all those who want t
29、o see the northern lights,experience cold weather conditions and put themselves in geothermal(地热的)baths while the snow is falling on their head.The best way to move around Iceland is with a rental car.Distances are huge and public transport in winter is not really common out of the major towns.As we
30、 wanted to be even more convenient we decided to rent a small camper(野营车).Sleeping and cooking in a camper saved us a lot of driving,money and gave us the chance tobe always in the right place at the right time.There were also no locals and in many cases no tourist facilities(设备).For us,as we slept
31、in a camper,it was easier.But for tourists traveling by normal cars it is necessary to check the opening times ofhotels and restaurants as many of them run just from June to September.It is amazing to experience how the weather is changing in Iceland.However,Icelanders prefer to stay inside their ho
32、uses.They have even no time to complain about the weather in December.All they care about is Christmas.They love to decorate their houses,sing Christmas songs and eat typical Christmas food.12.Why is Iceland famous as the land of fire and ice?A.Because tourists would like to play with fire on the ic
33、e.B.Because it is too dry to easily cause fire to happen.C.Because it is hot inside a house and cold outside.D.Because there exist hot springs and freezing ice.13.What did the author think of the rented camper?A.It was not only practical but also economical.B.It was convenient but cost them more mon
34、ey.C.It provided the best chance to see the new country.D.It was much faster than other public transport.14.What does the last paragraph imply?A.The Icelanders prefer to live with their family.B.The joy of Christmas drives the freezing weather away.C.December is the coldest month of the year.D.The I
35、celanders are always positive and stay outside.15.What does this passage most probably come from?A.A textbook B.A scientific report C.A travel magazine D.A news report 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Sand art is considered as one of the greatest forms of creative
36、 expression today.It is an activity thathas caught the imagination of children and adults alike._16_From cars to castles with fantasy lands,the themes are endless.Here are some tips on how to build the perfect sand sculpture or castle.Before you begin the sculpture(雕刻),you must first ensure you have
37、 the right tools._17_Remember you will need to include a spray bottle,as the sculpture needs to be kept a little wet to keep the surface firm while you construct it.Once you have gathered all the tools,its time to hunt for the right location on the beach.You need to look for a place that is moderate
38、ly away from the sea.After you have found the ideal location,start digging.You need to keep digging till you reach wet sand.This will be your first tough task._18_.Now youneed to prepare enough wet sand to start with the building and carving.This is known as the process of tamping(夯实).A frame is bas
39、ically used for tamping.This is what you need to build tall structures._19_Place the frame on the ground.Once theframe is filled,try to lift it slowly.When you have finished the base form,you can create other forms on top of that base.Once you have finished the basic structure,it is time to release
40、your creativity.Always start carving from the top.Carving must always be done in the outward direction.Do remember to concentrate on the entire structure rather than attempting to complete one side at a time._20_Today sand art and sculpting have a professional touch,with new sculptors creating some
41、of the most imaginative forms of sand sculptures.A.The limit to your creativity is endless.B.Use the frame to begin your construction.C.Castles are more popular than cars among children.D.People have created masterpieces through sand sculpting.E.Ensure you have packed a long-handled shovel and a buc
42、ket.F.Sand art and sculpting have become very popular in recent times.G.It is this wet sand that will give a firm foundation to your sculpture.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 In American culture,you may find some very sensitive topics tha
43、t require you to think again before you put them forward.They are as follows:Age.It is a very sensitive_21_to many Americans.In this culture,the thought of growing older is a painful one and most of us,if_22_,would like to have nothing to do with it.So many Americans work hard to_23_a youthful appea
44、rance.The last thing they want to be asked is the unthinkable,“How old are you exactly?”This question may result in a(an)_24_like:“How old do you think I am?”Anyhow,if you are_25_to know someones age,first you estimate（估计）their age by their_26_.Then you take ten years away from that estimation.With
45、a big_27_,that person will probably say,“Thanks,but I am a few years older than that.”Weight.This is one of the most sensitive subjects.InAmerica,it is _28_to be thin but it is a huge_29_to be overweight.In any American fashion magazines,youll notice most are nothing more than skin and bones.Income.
46、You should never ever ask how_30_someones_31_is.However,its perfectly _32_to ask about their job title and what they do for a living.This information should give you some idea.Matters of the Heart.This is a tricky（难处理的）one.Some people cannot wait to_33_their hearts out to you.Then there are those wh
47、o make sure their_34_business stays behind closed doors.The general_35_is not to get too personal.You dont want others to think that you are_36_their lives._37_,try not to ask too many questions until you have a(an)_38_with this person.Anyhow,its difficult to always_39_an embarrassing conversation.S
48、o,be sensible,_40_your mouth and try not to open a can of worms（虫子）.21.A.solution B.subject C.access D.approach 22.A.not B.possible C.ever D.necessary 23.A.make B.change C.decorate D.keep 24.A.reply B.consequence C.description D.explanation 25.A.likely B.eager C.afraid D.nervous 26.A.dress B.skin C.
49、appearance D.accent 27.A.smile B.surprise C.prize D.gift 28.A.easy B.terrible C.desirable D.absurd 29.A.accident B.event C.excitement D.embarrassment 30.A.many B.much C.littie D.few 31.A.salary B.height C.weight D.age 32.A.awesome B.suitable C.foolish D.typical 33.A.pour B.cut C.mark D.test 34.A.ric
50、h B.foreign C.personal D.public 35.A.aspect B.rule C.idea D.concept 36.A.referring to B.contributing to C.looking into D.changing into 37.A.Somehow B.Besides C.Indeed D.However 38.A.appointment B.quarrel C.discussion D.friendship 39.A.avoid B.begin C.produce D.stop 40.A.ignore B.take C.watch D.notic