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1、2021 届枣庄市邹坞一中高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isnt an either/or one,although the current emphasis on preparing youn
2、g Americans for STEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training,but also insists that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of America
3、s educational system at all levels.Both areas are the key to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society,become innovative leaders,and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who
4、have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances,its natural to look for what may appear to be the most“practical”w
5、ay out of the problem;“major in a subject designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some,though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as“soft”often,in fact,lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed,according to surveys,employers have expr
6、essed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well,think critically,research creatively,and communicate easily.Moreover,students should be prepared not just for their first job,but for their 4th and 5th jobs,as theres little reason to doubt
7、 that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to take advantage of every available tool and
8、 insightpicked up from science,arts,and technologyto solve the problems of the future,and seize the opportunities,will be helpful to them and the nation.1.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A.STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B.The humanities and
9、 STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C.The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students spiritual life.D.Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.2.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A.Their interest in relevant subjects.B.T
10、he academic value of the courses.C.The quality of education to receive.D.Their chances of getting a good job.3.What does the author say about the so called“soft”subjects?A.They benefit students in their future life.B.They broaden students range of interests.C.They just improve students communication
11、 skills.D.They are essential to students healthy growth.B Did you know people who live in different parts ofChinahave different habits and preferences?For example,people from southernChinaprefer to eat vegetables,while people from northChinalike to eat meat.According to a new study in a journal,gene
12、 variations(变异)might be responsible for these differences.Researchers fromChinas BGI collected genetic information from 141,431 Chinese women,who came from 31 provinces and consisted of 36 ethnic minority groups.They found that natural selection has played an important role in the ways that people l
13、iving in different regions of China have developed,affecting their food preferences,immunities(免疫力)to illness and physical features.A variation of the gene FADS2 is more commonly found in northern people.It helps people metabolize(新陈代谢)fatty acids,which suggests a diet that is rich in flesh.This is
14、due to climate differences.Northern Chinais at a higher latitude.This weather is difficult to grow vegetables in.Therefore,northerners tend to eat more meat.The study also found differences in the immune systems of both groups.Most people in southernChinacarry the gene CR1,which protects against mal
15、aria.Malaria was once quite common in southernChina.In order to survive,the genes of people in the south evolved to fight against this disease.However,people in the south are also more sensitive to certain illnesses,as they lack the genes to stop them.Genes can also cause physical differences betwee
16、n northerners and southerners.Most northerners have the ABCC11 gene,which causes dry earwax,less body smell and fewer sweats.These physical differences are also more beneficial to living in cold environments.Southerners are less likely to have this gene,as it did not develop in their population.4.Wh
17、at did the new study focus on?A.Regions.B.Eating habits.C.Gene variations.D.Ethnic minority groups.5.What is the main function of the gene FADS2?A.It helps store fat.B.It helps digest meat.C.It helps gain weight.D.It helps treat an illness.6.According to the study,most northerners _.A.sweat less fre
18、quently B.are immune to malaria C.prefer vegetables to meat D.are more sensitive to climates 7.How many differences did the study find related to genes?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.C Most teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purposes in life.However,not Gitanjali Rao.The 15-year-old g
19、irl has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten.It is,therefore,not surprising that the teenager has won the honor of“Americas Top Young Scientist”.In the third grade,Rao was inspired to build a device after witnessing the shocking story unfold in Flint,Michi
20、gan,where cost-cutting measures led to the use of a polluted river as the citys primary water supply and incredibly high levels of lead made their way into peoples drinking water.After two months research,Rao designed a small and portable device that used sensors to instantly detect lead in water.Ca
21、lled Tethys,after the Greek Goddess(女神)of freshwater,it attaches to a cellphone and informs the residents via an app if their drinking water contains lead.The design earned her the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2017.She is currently working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys
22、potential and hopes the device will be ready for commercial use by 2022.Later,Rao took on another social issue-drug addiction.Her app,called Epione,which won the Health Pillar Prize at the TCS Ignite Innovation Student Challenge in May 2019,is designed to catch drug addiction in young adults before
23、its too late.More recently,the teenager has developed an app named Kindly,which usesartificial intelligence technology to detect possible signs of cyberbullying(网上欺凌).When users type in a word or phrase,Kindly is able to pick it up if its bullying,and then it gives the option to edit it or send it t
24、he way it is.It gives them the chance to rethink what they are saying so that they know what to do next time.All kinds of awesome,Gitanjali Rao has been selected from 5,000 equally impressive nominees(被提名人)for TIME Magazines first-ever“Kid of the Year”.8.What gave Rao the idea of inventing the devic
25、e Tethys?A.The incident of lead pollution.B.The issue with drug addiction.C.The shortage of water supplies.D.The high cost of purifying water.9.What is Rao expecting of Tethys?A.Itll remove metal from water.B.Itll make it to market soon.C.Itll win her a higher prize.D.Itll be fitted to cellphones.10
26、.What will Kindly allow users to do?A.Receive pre-warning signals of threat.B.Input words into a computer automatically.C.Choose from secure social networking sites.D.Weigh their words before posting them online.11.Which of the following can best describe Gitanjali Rao as a young scientist?A.Ambitio
27、us and humble.B.Optimistic and adventurous.C.Talkative and outstanding.D.Creative and productive.D Earthquake can disrupt whales hunting for food for up to a year,according to a new study.On November 14,2016,the Kaikoura earthquake struck New Zealands South Island,causing a destructive tsunami.Under
28、 the surface,the earthquake caused strong currents that swept away and mostly killed off diverse ecosystems of creatures living along the Kaikoura underwater canyon.As a result,whales had to dive deeper and longer to find food“a major shift”in their behavior,says co-author Liz Slooten,a marine biolo
29、gist at the University of Otago in New Zealand.The impact earthquakes have on land animals has been well documented,but scientists know ly little about what happens underwater.Such research is important for government agencies,which may need to take recent earthquakes into consideration when conside
30、ring fishing quotas（限额）,notes Rochelle Constantine,a marine mammal ecologist at the University of Auckland.The canyons upper reaches are rich in creatures,supplying food for the fish that make up the whales diet.So when these smaller life forms were washed away,it had“severe consequences for the com
31、munity around there”,says study co-author Will Rayment.“That effect flowed all the way through the food chain.”As part of their ongoing study,the scientists were tracking 42 individual whales.After the earthquake,in all,the team managed to record data on 40 whales,showing that the abundance of whale
32、s in the general area didnt change after the earthquake.However,the whales changed how they used their habitat.A year after the earthquake,the researchers observed the whales returning to their previous surface-breathing intervals.This could have been because the communities of animals that make up
33、the whales food began to recover.“It gives you an idea of how resilient（有复原力的）these deep-sea communities are,”says Rayment.But he and his colleagues will continue long-term monitoring to see if there are effects they missed.Whale activity in the area had already been declining,though its unknown whe
34、ther it is due to natural changes in food abundance,whale-watching tourism,fishing,or warming ocean temperatures.“There is something going on in Kaikoura,”says Rayment.12.What happened after the Kaikoura earthquake in the Kaikoura canyon?A.Several destructive tsunamis struck the area.B.Whales had to
35、 swim to other oceans to find food.C.Nearly all marine creatures in Kaikoura were killed off.D.Strong currents washed away many smaller creatures.13.Which is one of the findings of the study?A.Earthquakes can make it easier for whales to find food.B.The whales changed their habitat after the earthqu
36、ake.C.It usually takes whales a year to adapt to their new diet.D.The number of whales in the area dropped sharply after the quake.14.What does Rochelle Constantine think of the study?A.It can help government agencies to make some decisions about fishing.B.It can help government agencies to solve pr
37、oblems in the fishing industry.C.It is a breakthrough in research on what happens underwater after an earthquake.D.It offers a detailed description of the impact earthquake have on marine mammals.15.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Something is affecting the whale activity in Kaikoura.B.F
38、ishing quotas have been increasing in recent years.C.The team missed some effects in the research process.D.The scientists will continue studying earthquakes.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Friends should always be honest with you,right?So when they lie,it can be
39、 really hard to take.You want to trust your friends and that means knowing that theyll tell it to you straight no matter what it is._16_Why does this happen?_17_ One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings.Some people dont understand the difference between being g
40、ently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that they leave a verbal wound.They choose to avoid these two extremes in the form of a lie.They feel embarrassed.Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they are too embarrassed to admit the truth.Maybe they are going thr
41、ough a rough time and they just dont want you to know about it.Avoid trying to badger(纠缠)your friends into telling you whats wrong._18_ Avoid an argument with you.Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth,youll get angry with them.Make sure that if a friend tells you something unplea
42、sant,you dont overact._19_If you do end up arguing,do it in a respectable way.Exclude you.Lying isnt always a sign that friends are trying to protect you,however._20_When you find out with certainty that your friend is lying to you,try and face it.If you feel your friend is lying because he or she d
43、oesnt want to be around you,thats your wake-up to move on.A.Protect your feelings.B.They want to be your closer friends.C.But a friend who lies isnt always trying to hurt you.D.Consider whats being said and why your friend is telling you this.E.Being honest and making a sincere effort can keep the f
44、riendship strong.F.Sometimes they lie because they dont want you to be included in their plans.G.Instead,make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 On Dec.17,2019,Andrew no
45、ticed a balloons string was_21_to a piece of paper.“Dayami,”it read on one side,in a childs_22_.Andrew turned the paper over.It was a Christmas_23_.He wondered whether he could find the girl who had sent this one.It would be difficult,_24_Andrew had a few clues.About 20 miles to the southwest,just a
46、cross the_25_,was the city ofNogales,Mexico.“Based on the prevailing wind,I was pretty sure thats_26_it came from,”he said.On December 22,2019,he decided to send a private Facebook_27_to a radio station inNogales.To his_28_,the next morning,Andrew_29_to one message from the radio station:They had_30
47、_Dayami,an eight-year-old girl,and her family,who indeed lived inNogales.Would they be_31_to arrange a get-together at the radio station?Andrew went with his wife to Walmat.They bought just about everything on Dayamis list_32_the dollhouse(it was sold out).They also bought a few other toys,as they h
48、ad learned that Dayami had a younger_33_,four-year-old Ximena.Then the Andrew drove for 45 minutes,crossing the border intoNogales,and finally met two very_34_little girls.Their parents_35_to the Andrew that Dayami had been writing a letter a Santa and sending it by_36_for years,but this was the fir
49、st time anyone had found the note.“Their eyes were_37_open with wonder,”Andrew said of the two sisters reaction.“Like,Oh,my gosh,this really did work!”“It was a beautiful,beautiful experience,”Andrew said.He paused“Quite_38_for us,”he added.Andrew,61,has lived in southeastern Bisbee for more than th
50、ree decades.Ten years ago,he and his wife_39_their only child,a son.They have no grandchildren.“We are now have friends for life,”Andrew said.“And,for a day,that border fence with its concertina wire_40_away.”21.A.addicted B.attached C.accustomed D.attracted 22.A.writing B.act C.voice D.shape 23.A.c