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1、2023年青海职称英语考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Old Mothers Children Have Higher Diabetes (糖尿病) Risk Children of older mothers run a higher risk of developing insulin-dependent (胰岛素依赖型的) diabetes, the British Medical Journal said. A strong association w
2、as found between increasing maternal (母亲的) age at delivery and risk of (insulin-dependent) diabetes in the child. Risk was highest in firstborn children and decreased progressively with higher birth order, Professor Edwin Gale and colleagues at Southmead Hospital in Bristol said. Diabetes is a serio
3、us, incurable, lifelong disease characterized (以.作为特性) by all inability to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin-dependent diabetes, which mainly affects children, is treated by administering the hormone insulin. Gale looked into 1,375 families in the Oxford area where one or more childr
4、en had diabetes and found that the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes increased by 25 percent for each five-year band of the mothers age. The risk of developing diabetes was also linked to the age of the father. For every five-year band of the fathers age the risk of the child dev
5、eloping diabetes increased by nine percent. The risk of diabetes was high est among the firstborn children of mothers who started their families late and the risk decreased by about 15 percent for each subsequent child, the BMJ said. The older the mother, the earlier the start of insulin-dependent d
6、iabetes in the child. Other studies have already shown that children born to older mothers, over the age of 35, have an increased risk of diabetes but this study is the first to establish that risk increases continuously in relation to increasing maternal age, Dr. Polly Bingley of Southmead Hospital
7、 told Reuters (路透社). The new study is the first to show that risk is related to birth order. The study also partly explains increasing diabetes. Between 1970 and 1996 the proportion of children born to mothers aged between 30 and 34 increased to 28 percent from 15 percent and this could account for
8、rising numbers of childhood diabetes patients, the scientists said in the alarming increase in the rate of (insulin-dependent) diabetes among children in recent years. This study may well provide a clue to the understanding of this problem. It is most likely that there are a number of factors to exp
9、lain the increase, Diabetes UK said. There are some 1.4 million diagnosed diabetes sufferers in Britain, the charity Diabetes UK said. Of these 1.4 million sufferers there are 20,000 people under age 20 who suffer from insulin-dependent diabetes.According to the passage, the alarming increase in the
10、 rate of diabetes among children in the UK may partly be explained by the rise in_.Athe incidence of diabetes in the whole countryBthe proportion of children born to mothers aged above 30Cthe supply of diabetes medicinesDthe number of newborn babies 2.The United States In 1782 the United States won
11、its independence, the bald eagle was chosen the national bird of the new country. American leaders wanted the eagle to be a of their country because its a bird of strength and courage. They chose the bald eagle because it was found all over North America and only in North America. But a little over
12、200 years ,the bald eagle had almost disappeared from the country, In 1972, there were only 3,000 bald eagles in the entire United States. The reason for the birds population was pollution, especially pollution of rivers by pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals to kill insects and other animals that
13、attack and destroy crops. , rain often washes pesticides into rivers. Pesticides pollute the rivers and poison the fish. Eagles eat and the poison their eggs. The eggs have very thin shells and do not hatch. Eagles only two or three eggs a year. Because many of the eggs did not and produce more eagl
14、es, eagles quickly smaller. Today, the American Government and the American people are trying to protect the bald eagle. The number of bald eagles It now appears the American national bird will survive and remain a symbol of strength and courage.AsymbolBmarkCtraceDsign 3.Vice Vaccines At first glanc
15、e, vice vaccines look just great. These injections promise to inactivate drugs such as cocaine, heroin and nicotine in the bloodstream before they reach the brain. Without the hit, people just wont come back for more. Its true that these vaccines are still being developed, so their full risks and be
16、nefits are not yet clear. But all the signs are that for people who are in danger of overdosing, or for addicts who want to get themselves clean but need some help to overcome their craving, the vaccines will be immensely valuable. But like many new technologies, they also bring difficult choices. W
17、ill convicted criminals who steal to feed their drug habit be allowed back onto the street if they agree to be vaccinated, for example Could a judge even compel these people to be vaccinated Perhaps the most controversial debate that vice vaccines have raised is whether they should be given routinel
18、y to children, like polio or measles vaccines. This is. not a distant worry. No sooner they have found themselves submerged with requests from worried parents who want their children vaccinated. Is this really what we want for future generations For any society that values personal freedom, the answ
19、er has to be no. People have the right to choose how to behave, whether its good or bad, legal or not. Let not ignore the fact that millions of people take illegal drugs for pleasure without becoming addicted. Administering vice vaccines will mean that youngsters are no longer free to make such choi
20、ces for themselves. It would be like a return to Pleasantvile. And, remember, were just talking about illegal drugs here. One vaccine under development acts against nicotine, and if its nicotine today, why not caffeine tomorrow Societys attitudes to drugs change. Forty years ago, smoking was fine. A
21、 century ago, American ship operators were giving stevedores (码头工人) cocaine to speed up their work. Like it or not, people have been taking mind-altering chemicals since before recorded history. Each vaccine acts only against a specific drug, and stopping people getting high on one drug will simply
22、push them to take othersas addiction researchers have already found. So drug use wont go away, the drugs will just change. Opposing the widespread use of vice vaccines for youngsters is not to advocate drug use. By all means let vice vaccines spark a revolution in detox (解毒) clinics. But when it com
23、es to helping children deal with drugs, the way to help them is through education, ensuring that they can follow lifestyles that are incompatible with drug taking, and giving them the tools to spot risks and make informed choices. The problem of drug abuse is bound up with modern society in complex
24、ways. Simple chemical solutions are unlikely to provide the whole answer.According to the writer, one of the disadvantages of vice vaccine is that_.Athe vaccine cannot act against nicotineBstevedores will not like itCone vaccine can act against only a specific drugDit will spark a revolution in the
25、detox clinics 4.Most Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds
26、 20 percent. I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statem
27、ent. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell be
28、tween 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report s
29、uggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive tre
30、atment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 5.Medicine1. Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is bas
31、ed on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients.2. The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill i
32、ndividuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors
33、and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease.3. Human beings have suffered from illnesses since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body
34、works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork.4. However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a resu
35、lt of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition, sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy.5. As medicine has become more
36、 scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illnesses. Today , doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead. They head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers, and
37、 many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countries.A. In ancient tribes, treatment was executed by witch doctors and based largely on superstition.
38、B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of diseaseC. The goals of medicine involve life rescuing, pain reducing, and dignity maintainingD. Control of infectious diseases is given as a reason for a longer a lifeE.
39、School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical workF. Medical care is now provided for patients in hospitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and laboratory workersDoctors apply the knowledge gained through_. 6.How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets
40、 of the Mind Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying. Alms. (46)_ If you
41、 keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. (47)_ If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show youre unhappy! Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, y
42、ou cart also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. (48)_ Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. (4
43、9)_ This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back all angry comment you dont wish to show. (50)_posture /n. 姿势purse/vt.皱缩；皱拢inwards/adv. 内向outgoing/
44、adj. 开朗的receptive/adj. 善于接受的，能接纳的A. If you are feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people Can notice this.C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them cl
45、ose to their bodies.D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet.E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know youre not pleased.F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side. 7.Natural Med
46、icines Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of
47、 doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How By an
48、cient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of todays most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not ju