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1、2023年历年托福阅读考试真题复习没有一个大学，是比拥有我们从未使用过的能力的大自我和人类意志与理智所创造的现实，更能包罗万象的了。以下是我为大家搜索整理的历年托福阅读考试真题复习，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我下面是我为大家整理的2023年历年托福阅读考试真题复习,供大家参考。没有一个大学，是比拥有我们从未使用过的能力的大自我和人类意志与理智所创造的现实，更能包罗万象的了。以下是我为大家搜索整理的历年托福阅读考试真题复习，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strate
2、gies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs o
3、r chicks.The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an
4、 approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in egg
5、s and chicks.Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which the plover escapes is
6、 such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or bot
7、h wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to
8、 its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the useless wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between flight attempts is directed away from the n
9、est.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A The nest-building techniques of ploversB How predators search for ploversC The strategies used by plovers to deceive predatorsD Why plovers are vulnerable to predators2. The word merely in fine 3 is closest in meaning toA oftenB onlyC usuallyD at first3.
10、 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?A Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.B They are generally defenseless when away from their nests.C They are slow to react in dangerous situations.D Their nests are on the surface of the ground.4. The word emitting in line 10
11、is closest in meaning toA bringingB attractingC producingD minimizing5. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2, the plover tries toA stay close to her nestB attract the predator's attentionC warn other plovers of dangerD frighten the approaching predator6. The word spanning in line
12、19 is closest in meaning toA coveringB selectingC developingD explaining7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?A Abnormal body positionB Irregular escape routeC Unnatural wing movementD Unusual amount of tim
13、e away from the nest8. The word pursue in line 25 is closest in meaning toA catchB noticeC defendD chase9. According to the passage , a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPTA appearing to be injuredB sounding like another animalC pretending to search for preyD prete
14、nding to sit on her eggs10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage ?A A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest buildingB A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examplesC A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birdsD A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator参考答案：CBDCB ABDCB