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1、2023年度历年托福考试阅读真题（2023年）Ifyoufindapathwithnoobstacles,itprobablydoesntleadanywhere.以下是我为大家搜索整理的历年托福考试阅读真题精选，希望能给大家带来帮助!更下面是我为大家整理的2023年度历年托福考试阅读真题（2023年）,供大家参考。If you find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesnt lead anywhere.以下是我为大家搜索整理的历年托福考试阅读真题精选，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!Industrialization ca
2、me to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per yea
3、r 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790s, North American entrepreneurs even without technological improvements had broaden
4、ed the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820s and 1830s the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork sy
5、stem. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of prod
6、uction made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new
7、 organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lift
8、ed the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam en
9、gines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nations largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.1. What is the passage mainly about?A The difficulties of industrialization
10、in North AmericaB The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centersC The rapid speed of industrialization in North AmericaD Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods2. The word boosted in line 3 is closest in meaning toA ensuredB raisedC arrangedD discouraged3. Th
11、e word scope in line 9 is closest in meaning toA valueB popularityC extentD persity4. The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of howA entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork systemB entrepreneurs used technological improvements to incre
12、ase outputC rural workers responded to shoe bossesD changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes5. All of the following are mentioned as effects of changes in the shoe industry during the 1820s and 1830s EXCEPTA an increase in the workers dependence on entrepreneursB an increase in th
13、e wages paid to journeymen shoemakersC a decline in the workers ability to control the speed of productionD a decrease in the price of shoes6. All of the following are true of the outwork system EXCEPTA It involved stages of production.B It was more efficient than the systems used before 1790.C It m
14、ade many employers less powerful than they had been before.D It did not necessarily involve any technological improvements.7. The word prolific in line 23 is closest in meaning toA efficientB productiveC self-employedD progressive8. According to the passage , how did later mills differ from the mill
15、s differ from the mill built by Oliver Evans?A They were located away from large cities.B They used new technology to produce power.C They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in Barrels.D They combined technology with the outwork system.9. The word it in line 25 refers toA water powerB
16、machineryC grainD mill10. The passage mentions which of the following as a result of improvements in factory machinery?A It become easier for factory owners to find workers and customers.B Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.C The amount of power required for factories operate was reduced.D Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.11. The word eager in line 30 is closest in meaning toA wealthyB knowledgeableC regularD enthusiastic参考答案：DBCAB CBBCA D