《2022年职称英语-综合-B类每日一练06-15-职称英语-综合-B类.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年职称英语-综合-B类每日一练06-15-职称英语-综合-B类.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2022年职称英语-综合-B类每日一练06-15-职称英语-综合-B类Plants and Mankind Botany（植物学）, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age 1 ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed
2、learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient 2. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes 3, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon 4 r
3、ecognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge 5” at all. Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct o
4、ur knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid 6. When our Neolithic 7 ancestors, living in the Middle Eastabout 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be
5、 harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the
6、controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away 8.词汇：botany /butni/ n植物学detailed /di:
7、teild/ adj详细的，详尽的property /prpti/ n特征；财产，资产logical /ldikl/ adj逻辑的，合乎逻辑的pyramid /pirmid/ n金字塔welfare /welfe/ n福利，幸福，康乐yield /ji: ld/ n产量，收益marvel /ma:vl/ n令人惊奇的事（人），奇迹variety /vraiti/ n品种，变种；变化，多样化accumulate / kju: mjuleit/ vt积累，积聚intimacy / intimsi/ n亲近，亲密注释：1. Stone Age：石器时代2. a detailed learning o
8、f plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。3. dye：染料4. the Amazon：亚马孙河5. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge,然而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识，come on:（偶然）遇见；（偶然）发现。又如：I came on this idea by pure chance我有这个想法纯属偶然。6. orchid：兰花7. Neolithic：新
9、石器时代的8. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants
10、 in the wild would begin to fade away.：从那时起，人类就越来越多地从可控制的IL种植物的种植中获取生计，而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点，西摘一点。在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。take their living from：靠过活1、Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedThe Making of a Success Sto
11、ry 1 IKEA is the worlds largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the worlds most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Swedenin 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencil
12、s in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA. 2 IKEAs name comes from Kamprads initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up (E and A). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furnitu
13、re1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprads wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings. 3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalo
14、gue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprads home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951. 4 In 1953 IKEA opened its f
15、irst showroom inAlmhult,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. Thi
16、s led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture. 5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lowe
17、r shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image ha
18、s done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion. 6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the worlds richest man. He currently lives inSwitzerlandand is retied
19、from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing. 词汇： entrepreneur /,entrprn:/ n.企业家 ware /we/ n.货物 minimalist /minimlist / adj.最简单的 self-sufficiency /self-sfinsi/ n.自足 注释： 1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 2. discounted prices：折扣价 3. flat packaging：平板包装 A.IKEA began
20、as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.B.it is highly welcomed by bothC.Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.D.he lives happily in retirementE.here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himsel
21、f2、As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, _A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FWashoe Learned American Sign Language 1An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research
22、center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to lean a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to un
23、derstand language. 2Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words4. For example, Washoe made sign
24、s to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?” Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction
25、 of primate research changed. 3However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perf
26、orm the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe to a research center inEllensburg,Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4Scientists like private researcher Jane
27、 Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5Debate continues about chimps understanding of human com
28、munication. Yet, one thing is sure Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.词汇：chimpanzee /,tmpnzi:/ n黑猩猩community / kmju:nt/ n社区，圈子primate / pramet / n灵长类动物critic / krtk / n评论家，批评家workingsn活动，运行chimp /tmp/ n= chimpanzee 黑猩猩注释：1in the scientific community：在科学界，在科学家
29、的圈子里2American Sign Language（ASL）：美国手语。利用手、脸部表情、身诔姿势表达思想的美国聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也使用ASL。ASL与British Sign Language（BSL英国手语）不同，两者不能相互理解。3led to debate：引起辩论。lead to意为“导致”，to为介词，debate为名词。4she grew to understand about 250 words：她渐渐掌握约250个单词。grow to是“渐渐”的意思。5Once：旦。Once是连接词。例：Children like to cycle once they ha
30、ve learned how.小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜欢上它。6of their own：属于自己的。of their own的含义与on their own不同，on their own是“独自”的意思。7the Gardners：Gardner夫妇8Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe . ：像个体研究者Jane Goodall这样的科学家相信like（像，跟一样）是介词，本句的谓语是believe。句子中的private researcher意为“不受雇于任何单位，自己独立工作的科研人员。”A if th
31、e Gardeners argument was sound B because she was cleverer than other chimpsC when she wanted to eatD while she was at a research center in EllensburgE because she could use sign language to ask for fruitsF while Washoe was learning sign language3、Some scientists doubted _.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FOrb
32、ital Space Plane While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster， NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would1 replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies. The space agency released the first set of missi
33、on needs and requirements several days ago for the orbital space plane， which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station. Although it includes few specifics2， the plan stipulates the orbiter will be safer， cheaper and require less preparation time than
34、the shuttle. It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012 though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010. NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to “definitive medical care3” within 24 hours. The release of the requirements show
35、ed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration， even as questions linger concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew on February 1，20034. Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville， Alabama， have been working for years on a successor to the shuttle.
36、 The project， known as the Space Launch Initiative， was divided last year into two parts one focusing on a future launch vehicle， the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner. The programs managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initia
37、tive in light of the Columbiadisaster. U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about US$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004， funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.词汇shuttletl n.（织机的）穿梭机;initiativentv n.创始，倡议;
38、orbiter:bt(r) n.轨道航天飞机in light of 鉴于，由于linger l(r)v.继续存留注释：1would:这是虚拟语气的用法，表示未来可能发生的事。下面第三段出现的两个would也属这种用法。2few specifics:（谈到）很少细节。specific意为“详情，细节”时，一定要用复数形式的specifics o3definitive medical care”：“最权威的医疗机构”4concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew on February l,2003:作定语，修饰linger前面
39、的questions。4、From the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates_.A. NASAs determination to continue its space exploration projectsB. the USspace technology superioritiesC. a victory in space explorationD. the birth of an absolutely safe space craftThe National Park Service Americas na
40、tional parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing theyre out there makes you feel better 1. Hearing the names of these famous old friends -Yosemite 2, Yellowstone 3,Grand Canyon 4 -revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.
41、 From Acadia toZion, 369 national parks are part of a continually evolving system 5. Ancient fossil beds, Revolutionary War battlefields, magnificent mountain ranges, and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country 6 are all a part of our National Park System (NPS). The care and preser
42、vation for future generations of these special places is entrusted to the National Park Service. Uniformed Rangers, the most visible representatives of the Service, not only offer park visitors a friendly wave, a helpful answer, or a thought-provoking history lesson, but also are skilled rescuers, f
43、irefighters, and dedicated resource protection professionals. The National Park Service ranks also include architects, historians, archaeologists, biologists, and a host of other experts 7who preserve and protect everything from George Washingtons teeth to Thomas Edisons wax recording. Modern societ
44、y has brought the National Park Service both massive challenges and enormous opportunities. Satellite and computer technologies are expanding the educational possibilities of a national park beyond its physical boundaries. Cities struggling to revive their urban cores are turning to the Park Service
45、 for expert assistance to preserve their cultural heritage create pocket parks 8 and green spaces, and re-energize local economies. Growing communities, thirsty for recreational outlets 9 are also working with the NPS to turn abandoned railroad tracks into bike and hiking trails, as well as giving u
46、nused federal property new life as recreation centers. To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities, the National Park Service had formed partnerships - some dating back 100 years, some only months old - with other agencies, state and local governments, corporations, Ameri
47、can Indian tribes and Alaska Natives, Park Friends groups, cooperating associations, private organizations, community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic. National Park Week 1996 is a celebration of these partnerships. 词汇：revive rvav 重新唤起，重新记起；苏醒，复苏fossil fsl化石的promote prmt 促成，促进；晋升，提升evolve vlv 演化；使逐步形成range rend 山地；山脉entrust ntrst委托管理；委托ranger rend(r) 国家公园管理员，国有森林护林员core k:(r)中心；核心trail trel 小道，小径ethic ek 道德规范，伦理标准 注释： 1.Your may not see them for years at a time，but just knowing theyre out