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1、 整理为 word 格式 名词的用法 一、名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等。二、名词的种类 1、名词可以根据其意义分为普通名词(common noun)和专有名词(proper noun).普通名词 1、类名词 book 书,table 桌,house 房子,pencil 铅笔 2、集体名词 family 家庭,crowd 人群,army 军队,police 警察 3、物质名词 milk 牛奶,water 水,honey 蜜,salt 盐 4、抽象名词 honesty 诚实,happiness 幸福,love 爱,experience 经历 注:有些集体名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,
2、如被看作集体中各个成员时就作复数用.My family is a small one.His family are waiting for him.“people”通常视为 person 的复数形式,作“民族”解时则有复数形式(peoples)三名词的数(可数名词和不可数名词)1、可数名词的单数和复数作主语时决定谓语动词的单数和复数;不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。注:其中类名词和集体名词为可数名词(countable nouns);物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。2、名词的规则复数形式(可数名词)。名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后加-s 或-es。现
3、将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:构成方法 语 音 例 词 在词尾加-s 1在清辅音后读作/s/2在浊辅音后读作/z/1desk-desks 2dog-dogs 1在以/s,z,ch,sh/等音结尾的名词之后加-es 2如词尾为e,只加-s -(e)s 读作/iz/1.class-classes buzz-buzzes 2horse-horses page-pages 如词尾为-f 或-fe,则一般变为-ves -ves读作/vz/knife-knives 以辅音 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i,再加-es-ies读作/iz/family-families 以元音 y 结尾的名词,加-s-s 读作
4、/z/boy-boys 以辅音o 结尾的名词,加-es-es 读作/z/tomato-tomatoes 以元音o 结尾的名词,加-s-s 读作/z/radio-radios 以结尾-th 的名词,加-s 1在长元音后,-ths 读作/Tz/2在短元音或辅音后,-ths读作/Ws/1.bath-baths 2.month-months 整理为 word 格式 3.名词的不规则复数形式 构成方法 例 词 变内部元音 woman-women tooth-teeth牙齿 man-men mouse-mice 鼠 foot-feet 足 词尾加-en child-children ox-oxen 公牛
5、形式不变(复数与单数一样)beer-deer 鹿 fish-fish sheep-sheep 外 来 词 phenomenon-phenomena 现象 4.有些名词是复数形式,但实际上作单数用,如 politcs,physics,news,the United Nations 等.5有些名词通常只有复数形式,如 goods,trousers,clothes,series 等 但这些名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式,但前面有 a pair of 时,应用单数形式。A pair of trousers isnt enough.The trousers are worn out.6.有些集体名词往
6、往作复数用,如 cattle,police,fish 等。The police are running after the thief.但有些集体名词却往往作单数用,如 clothing,machinery 等。7.有些名词只作单数用,他们没有复数形式,如 knowledge,weather,litter等。四限定词与名词的搭配关系。有些限定词只能跟可数名词或不可数名词,而有些限定词跟两者皆可,详见下表:可数名词 不可数名词 a,the,some,any the,some,any this,that,these,those this,that none,one,two,three,One a
7、lot of,(a)few,fewerthan,morethan A large number of,a great number of,many a lot of,morethan,much,a large amount of (a)little,lessthan 五名词所有格的形式和用法。1 名词所以格一般是词尾加s 构成,如 the boys bag;our teachers room 等。如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个()即可,如boys school 等。词尾无 s 的复数名词则仍要加s,如 mens clothes 等。2表示无生命东西的名词的所有格必须用表示,不可用词尾
8、加(s)或(),而是用 of 属格,如,the window of the room 等。但在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中,则需用(s)或()表示所有格,如 ten minutes walk 等。3 所有格的名词在下列情况下应省略:整理为 word 格式(1)被所有格修饰的名词是指店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,如:I went to my uncles(house)yesterday.(2)避免重复 This is not my bicycle,but Lao Lins.(省略 bicycle)4双重所有格的形式和用法。a(this,that)名词of所有格名词 a friend of m
9、y fathers(=one of my fathers friends)六、例题剖析 1.We can see some _ at the foot of the mountain,but we cant see any _ there?A.sheeps;deers B.sheeps;deer C.sheep;deers D.sheep;deer 答案 D。sheep 和 deer 属于单复数同形,所以没有sheeps 或者 deers,两个选项分别被 some 和 any 所修饰,说明这里正确答案需要的是复数形式 sheep 和deer。2.The room is _.They are t
10、win brothers.A.Tom and Mikes B.Toms and Mikes C.Toms and Mike D.Tom and Mike 答案 A。根据句子结构和意思可判断出这里需要选择名词所有格,“这间屋是的”。选项中的A 和 B 的形式是正确的,Tom and Mikes 表示 Tom 和Mike 个人共有一个,就一定修饰一个单数名词;Toms and Mikes 表示两个人分别拥有(各自拥有各自的),因为是分别拥有,所以肯定修饰一个复数名词。The room 和 twin brothers 帮助确定答案与共同拥有一个有关。3.This is an interesting
11、_.A.news B.information C.work D.job 答案 D。an interesting 说明要选择一个可数名词,选项中只有 job 可数,他三个名词都是不可数名词。4.They have many friends here.Tony is _.A.them friend B.a friend of them C.one of their D.a friend of theirs 答案 D。不难看出A、C 两项的语法构成是错误的,them friend 应为 their friend;one of their 应为 one of them。Tony 作主语表示他是 man
12、y friends 中的一个,那么表示“某人的一个朋友”有两种形式:a friend of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格。举个例子:Tom 的一个朋友a friend of Toms 或者 a friend of his B 项错在使用了人称代词的宾格 them。5.Is that his _ for making so many mistakes on his homework?A.idea B.mind C.excuse D.result 答案 C。四个不同意思的名词。idea“主意,想法”;mind“想法,头脑”;excuse“借口,理由”;result“结果”。A、B 可考虑为同意,也就
13、不被选了,根据句子的意思“那是他在作业上出了那么多错误的吗?”可判断符合逻辑关系的是“excuse”。整理为 word 格式 名词专项练习题 1._ is spoken the most widely in the world.A.Chinese B.English C.French D.Russian 2.I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please?A.some bread B.some tea C.some cakes D.some eggs 3.Whats wrong with my sons _?He cant see things clearly
14、A.eyes B.ears C.mouth D.nose 4 The Alps(阿尔卑斯山)_ an area of 200,000 square kilometers.A.is B.are C.has D.have 5.A pair of glasses _ what I need at the moment.A.is B.are C.has D.have 6.We live in the Western _ .A.Beijings outskirt B.Beijings outskirts C.outskirt of Beijing D.outskirts of Beijing 7.Fiv
15、e pounds _ as much as it used to.A.dont buy B.doesnt buy C.are buying D.is buying 8._ plastics are made in this chemical works.A.Many kind of B.Many kinds of C.Many kinds D.Many kind 9.“Lao wang has just moved into a new flat.”“Did he have to buy_ for it?”A.many new furniture(家具)B.much new furniture
16、s C.much new furniture D.many new furnitures 10._ changed;whatever men can do,women can do too.A.The time has B.The times C.Times have D.Times 11.He has _ on his farm.A.20 head of cattles B.20 heads of cattles C.20 heads of cattle D.20 head of cattle 12.I wish I could give you_ .A.many advice B.much
17、 advice C.many advices D.a lot of advices 13.If you go to the hills,you will see_ there.A.much fine scenery B.few fine sceneries C.a few fine sceneries D.many fine sceneries 14.The news of the losses suffered by our enemy_ much worse than expected.整理为 word 格式 A.was B.were C.are D.has 15.He opened th
18、e letter and it contained_ .A.an important information B.some important informations C.many important informations D.some important information 16.Our national football team_ reorganized(重新组建)。A.have been B.are being C.has been D.is to 17.Remember_;thank your friend when you leave the party.A.your m
19、anner B.your manners C.his manner D.his manners 18.The students hope that they won t have_ to do today.A.much homework B.many homeworks C.a lot of homeworks D.few homework 19.They say the police_ always stopping people from doing what they want to do.A.is B.are C.has D.have 20.Where is_ China Daily?
20、A.today B.today of C.todays D.of today 21.The Lu Gou Bridge is described in Marco Polos“Travel”as _most beautiful bridge.A.the worlds B.worlds C.the world D.world 22.Have you ever had_ in your country?A.a womens boxer B.a womans boxer C.a women boxer D.a woman boxer 23.“How far is the new library fr
21、om here?”“Its about_ away.”A.ten minute walk B.ten minutes walk C.ten minutes walk D.ten-minute walk 24.They agreed to meet at_ .A.Peter and Helen B.Peter and Helens C.Peters and Helen D.Peters and Helens friend 25.There is_ on television this evening.A.a Beethoven(贝多芬)piano concerto(协奏曲)B.a Beethov
22、ens piano concerto C.Beethoven piano concerto D.piano concerto of Beethoven 名词专项练习题参考答案 整理为 word 格式 (1).B (2).B (3).B (4).C (5).A (6).D (7).B (8).B (9).C (10).C (11).C (12).B (13).A (14).A (15).D (16).C (17).B (18).A (19).B (20).C (21).A (22).D (23).C (24).B (25).A 冠词的用法 冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法,定冠词
23、 the 的用法和零冠词的用法等。一.冠词概述 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词(a,an)仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词(the)则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用 二.a 和 an 的区别 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式,a 用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如:a boy,a university,a european cou
24、ntry;an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella 三.不定冠词的用法 1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于 any,这是不定冠词 a/an 的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one 强烈。4.表示“每一”,相当于 every.例如,i go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。例如,i have three books.i want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书,我想买
25、第四本。6.用在某些固定词组中:a lot(of)许多,大量;after a while 过一会儿 四.定冠词的用法 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如:open the window,please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如:i have a car.the car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。例如:which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。例如:the first lesson is t
26、he easiest 整理为 word 格式 one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。整理为 word 格式 6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如,the great wall 长城,the united states美国 7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人 8 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如:the greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩 9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间 10.用在乐器名称前。例如:she plays the piano
27、 every day.她每天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如:the black sea 黑海,the yangzi river 长江 12.用在某些固定词组中:all the same 仍然;all the time 一直;at the moment 此 刻;at the same time 同 时;by the way 顺 便 说;do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服;in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上;in the open air 在户外,在野外 五.零冠词的用法 1.在专
28、有名词和不可数名词前。例如,class two 二班,tian an men square天安门广场,water 水 2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her 等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any 等)及所有格限制时。例如 my book(正);my the book(误)3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如,they are teachers.他们是老师。tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉 4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。例如:on sunday 在周日,in march 在三月,in spring 在
29、春天,on womens day 在妇女节 (特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在 1982 年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:tom 汤姆,mum 妈妈 6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如:i have lunch at school every day.特例:当 football,basketball 指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。wheres the football?那只足球在哪儿?(
30、指足球,并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:no.25 middle school 8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与 by 连用的交通工具名称前:by bus 乘公共汽车;by car 乘汽车;by bike骑/坐自行车;by train 乘火车;by air/plane 乘飞机;by sea/ship 乘船,但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike 前需用冠词 (2)名词词组:day and night 日日夜夜;brother and sister 兄弟姐妹;hour after hour 时时刻刻;here and the
31、re 到处 整理为 word 格式 (3)介词词组:at home 在家;in surprise 惊奇地;at noon 在中午;on foot步行;at night 在晚上;on duty 值日;at work 在工作;on time 准时;for example例如;in class 在上课;on show 展览;in bed 在床上(4)go 短语:go home 回家;go to bed 上床睡觉;go to school 去上学;go to work 去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼 六.用与不用冠词的差异
32、in hospital 住院/in the hospital 在医院里 go to sea 出海/go to the sea 去海边 on earth 究竟/on the earth 在地球上,在世上 in front of 在(外部的)前面/in the front of 在(内部的)前面 take place 发生/take the place(of)代替 at table 进餐/at the table 在桌子旁 by sea 乘船/by the sea 在海边 in future 从今以后,将来/in the future 未来 go to school(church)上学(做礼拜)/
33、go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去 on horseback 骑着马/on the horseback 在马背上 two of us 我们当中的两人/the two of us 我们两人(共计两人)out of question 毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的 next year 明年/the next year 第二年 a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)七、例题剖析 例 1.he gave my sister useful
34、 book yesterday.A.an B.a C./D the 【答案】b useful 的第一个音素为ju 故选 b。例 2.my brother is honest boy,so he has many friends.A.a B a C.the D/【答案】b honest 的第一个音素为元音。例 3.more college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year.A.the;the B./;/C./;the D.the;/【答案】a 方位名词前加 the,in the west part;由句意
35、可知为第二年,即 the next year。=例 4.there is a big tree the house.A.in the front of B.in front of C in front D.at class 【答案】b 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。例 5.jim always answers the teacher s questions _.A in class B in the class C after class D at class 【答案】a 课上回答老师的问题,故选 in class。整理为 word 格式 冠词专项练习题 1.There is _ apple o
36、n the desk.A.a B.the C.an D./2.The girl under _ tree is my sister.A.a B.the C.an D./3.Mary is from _ USA.A.a B.the C.an D./4.He met _ friend of his on the road.A.a B.the C.an D./5.Mr.Black will go back to England_.A.by air B.by a plane C.by trains D.at a train 6.Yesterday i went to work on foot.A./,
37、/B./,the C.the,/D.the,the 7.There is“h”in the word“hour”,but“h”doesnt make a sound.A.a,a B.a,the C.the,/,an D.an.the 8.Im going to see my mother.she is ill _.A.in hospital B.in the hospital C.in a hospital D.at a hospital 9.We have three meals day.we have breakfast at 6:30 in morning every day.A.the
38、,the,the B.the,/,the C.a,/,the D.a,the,the 10.This is film ive told you about several times.Its great.ive never seen _ more moving one.A.a,a B.the,the C.the,a D.a,the 11.Tina,could you please play piano for me while im singing?With pleasure.A.a B.an C.the D./12.I want to try again.please give me thi
39、rd chance again.整理为 word 格式 A.a B.the C.an D./13.Whats the matter with you?I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.A.a;/B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the 14.sun is shining brightly.A.A B.An C.The D./15.Swimming is in summer.A.a great fun B.great fun C.great funs D.great a fun 冠词专项练习题参考答案(1)C (2)B (3)B (4)A (5)A (6)A (7)D (8)A (9)C (10)C (11)C (12)A (13)A (14)C (15)B 友情提示:本资料代表个人观点,如有帮助请下载,谢谢您的浏览!