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1、英语句子结构分析 I.根据结构划分:简单句 S+V(主+谓)S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O(主+谓+宾)S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)并列句 and,but,or 复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)副词从句(状语从句)形容词从句(定语从句)II.根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)祈使句 感叹句 III.根据句子成分:单个词汇 短语 从句 一陈述句(五种句型)1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。Chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜欢网
2、上聊天。2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。主语 谓语 动词 五种句型 I am a webaholic 表语 1.主+谓+表 Chatting on the internet is Interesting 表语 Internet dating hurts 2.主+谓 I
3、like Chatting online 宾语 3.主+谓+宾 Chatting on the internet brings me 间接宾语 a lot of fun 直接宾语 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾 We can call Internet addicts 宾语 a webaholic 宾语补足语 5.主+谓+宾语+宾补 I.常用作连系动词:变成,变得:become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn 口诀:好是 come,坏是 go;天气、外貌慢慢 grow;流水、金钱缓缓 run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get become 口语化,如果要说就用它.口诀解读
4、:Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreams come true.梦想成真。Go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。如:Its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太热了,菜都馊了。Grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢变老。Run 与 grow 是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。Turn 多接表示颜色和天气的形
5、容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。如:The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees turn green,the flowers come out.春天树变绿了,花开了。Getbecome 在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become 相对正式些,其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他变得很生气。总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流,所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词,才能真正掌握其内涵。系词 b
6、e 它有三,am is are,我(I)用 am,you(你)用 are,is 用于他她它;单数 is,复数 are,认真做题不出差。(否句 be 后 not 加,疑问句,be 句首,句尾不要丢。)保持某种状态:Continue,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.看起来,好像:Appear,look,seem.感官动词:Feel,smell,sound,taste.II.代双宾语的动词“七给”一“带”to 不少,“买”画“制作”for 来了。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这 11 个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来
7、妙趣横生,效果很好 1、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8 个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”。如:Mother bought a
8、new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购),reach 等。3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语 for 和 to 于直接宾语之后 如:Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如 ask,teach,tell,owe,pay.I asked John.我问约翰 I asked a question.我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个
9、问题 5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce 等动词后必须跟介词 to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us=Could you explain to us your point of view 6、易错的动词 抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb.sth(错误)正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.类似的还有:cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 从-中除去(不
10、好的东西)supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物 inform/advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况 charge sb with sth 指责某人某事 二疑问句 1.一般疑问句 Is this seat taken Yes,it is/No,it isnt.需要用 yes 或 no 来回答。语序一般为:助动词+主语+谓语 Pra
11、ctice:Have you been there_ Didnt you tell him about it yesterday_ 2.特殊疑问句 你什么时候开始学英语 When You began to study English.Did you begin to study English when did you begin to study English 你在想什么 What Something is in your mind.Whats in your mind 小结:用 who,what,where,which,when,why,how 提问。语序:疑问词+一般疑问句 或 疑问词
12、+谓语动词。More Practice:What time is convenient for you 你什么时候方便 Whats going on here 发生了什么事/回事 3.选择疑问句:Do you like tea or(do you like)coffee Did you speak to them,or did the manager Which ice cream would you like,chocolate,vanilla or strawberry 1.提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。2.不用 Yes 或 no 来回答。3.反意疑问句 1.附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所
13、说得事实和观点提出疑问。2.一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句否定,则所附问句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician.Magician(to youngster he has called up on the stage):Now,my boy,you have never seen me before,have you Boy:No Daddy.You have completed that job,havent you You have not completed that job,have you 三祈使句:1.用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子
14、。2.主语 You 常省略,只以动词原形开头。3.一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont get me wrong.Lets just have a rest.Lets hope for the best.Let bygones be bygones Make hay while sun shines.四感叹句:1.主要由 what 和 how 来引导。2.What 结构主要有三种 A What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分!What a lovely boy he is!B.What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!What foolish mistakes you have made.What nice weather(it is)!C.What+a(n)+可数名词单数!3.How 结构主要有三种:A.How+形容词/副词+主谓部分 How lovely the boy is!How fast the time flies!B.How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分 How lovely a boy he is!C.How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)How I hate exam!我真烦考试!How he snores!他鼾声如雷!