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1、英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析I.根据结构划分根据结构划分：简单句S+V（主+谓）S+V+P(主+谓+表)S+V+O（主+谓+宾）S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）并列句 and,but,or复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句）II.根据功能划分：根据功能划分：陈述句疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句）祈使句感叹句III.根据句子成分根据句子成分：单个词汇短语从句一陈述句（五种句型）一陈述句（五种句型）I am a webaholic.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。我
2、是一个网虫。Chatting on the internet is interesting.Chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜欢网上聊天。我喜欢网上聊天。Internet dating hurts.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。网恋有害。I like chatting online.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。我喜欢网上聊天。Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.Chatting on the internet brings me
3、 a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。We can call internet addicts a webaholic.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。主语主语谓语谓语动词动词五种句型五种句型I Iamama webaholica webaholic表语表语InterestingInteresting表语表语1.1.主主+谓谓+表表ChattingChattingononthetheis isinternetinternetInternet datin
4、gInternet datingI IhurtshurtslikelikeChatting onlineChatting online宾语宾语meme间接宾语间接宾语Internet addictsInternet addicts宾语宾语a lot of funa lot of fun直接宾语直接宾语a webaholica webaholic宾语补足语宾语补足语2.2.主主+谓谓3.3.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.4.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾5.5.主主+谓谓+宾语宾语+宾补宾补ChattingChattingononthethebringsbringsinternetinternetWeWe
5、can callcan callI.I.常用作连系动词：常用作连系动词：变成变成,变得：变得：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turnbecome,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn口诀：好是 come，坏是 go;天气、外貌慢慢 grow;流水、金钱缓缓 run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get become 口语化，如果要说就用它.口诀解读：Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。如：Dreams comecome true.梦想成真。Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。如：Its such a hot day toda
6、y that this dish has gone gone smelly.今天太热了，菜都馊了。Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如：I want to grow grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢变老。Run 与 grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。Turn 多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。如：The weather suddenly turnedturned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees
7、 turnturn green,theflowers come out.春天树变绿了，花开了。Getbecome 在口语表达时用得比较多，但这二者相比，become 相对正式些，其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息，他变得很生气。总之，不管英语多么“变”化多端，万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流，所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词，才能真正掌握其内涵。系词 be 它有三，am is are，我（I）用 am，you（你）用 are，is 用于他她它；单数 is，复数 are，认真做题不出差。（否句 be
8、后 not 加，疑问句，be 句首，句尾不要丢。）保持某种状态：保持某种状态：Continue,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.Continue,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.看起来，好像：看起来，好像：Appear,look,seem.Appear,look,seem.感官动词：感官动词：Feel,smell,sound,taste.Feel,smell,sound,taste.II.II.代双宾语的动词代双宾语的动词“七给”一“带”to 不少,“买”画“制作”for 来了。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”
9、或“for”。这 11 个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好1、“七给”(give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand)和“带”(bring)8 个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”如:Helentsomemoneytome.类 似 动 词 的 还 有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+st
10、h.+for+sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有：build，choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购）,reach 等。3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语 for 和 to 于直接宾语之后如：Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。把它给我4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如 ask,teach,tell,owe,pay.I asked John.我问约翰I asked a question.我问了一个问题I aske
11、d John a question.我问了约翰一个问题5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce 等动词后必须跟介词 to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us=Could you explain to us your point of view6、易错的动词抢劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb.sth(错误）正确的说法：rob sb of sthsteal sb from sth.类似的还有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病r
12、id sb of sth 从-中除去（不好的东西）supply sb with sth 供给某人某物provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform/advise sb of sth 通知某人某事remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况charge sb with sth 指责某人某事二疑问句二疑问句1.1.一般疑问句一般疑问句Is this seat takenIs this seat takenYes,it is/No,it isn
13、Yes,it is/No,it isn t.t.需要用需要用 yesyes 或或 nono 来回答。来回答。语序一般为：助动词语序一般为：助动词+主语主语+谓语谓语PracticePractice：Have you been there_Have you been there_DidnDidn t you tell him about it yesterday_t you tell him about it yesterday_2.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句你什么时候开始学英语你什么时候开始学英语WhenYou began to study English.Did you begin to st
14、udy Englishwhen did you begin to study Englishwhen did you begin to study English你在想什么你在想什么WhatSomething is in your mind.WhatWhat s in your minds in your mind小结：小结：用用 who,what,where,which,when,why,howwho,what,where,which,when,why,how 提问。提问。语序：疑问词语序：疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句 或或 疑问词疑问词+谓语动词。谓语动词。More PracticeMor
15、e Practice：What time is convenient for youWhat time is convenient for you 你什么时候方便你什么时候方便WhatWhat s going on heres going on here 发生了什么事发生了什么事/回事回事3.3.选择疑问句：选择疑问句：Do you like tea orDo you like tea or（do you likedo you like）coffeecoffeeDid you speak to them,or did the managerDid you speak to them,or di
16、d the managerWhich ice cream would you like,chocolate,vanilla or strawberryWhich ice cream would you like,chocolate,vanilla or strawberry提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。不用不用 YesYes 或或 nono 来回答。来回答。反意疑问句反意疑问句附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。一般来说有两种形式：陈述肯定，则所附问句否定；陈述句否定，则所附问句肯定。一般来说
17、有两种形式：陈述肯定，则所附问句否定；陈述句否定，则所附问句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician.The Embarrassed Magician.Magician(to youngster he has called up on the stage):Magician(to youngster he has called up on the stage):Now,my boy,you have never seen me before,have youNow,my boy,you have never seen me before,have youBoy:No Daddy.
18、Boy:No Daddy.You have completed that job,havenYou have completed that job,haven t yout youYou have not completed that job,have youYou have not completed that job,have you三祈使句：三祈使句：用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。主语主语 YouYou 常省略，只以动词原形开头。常省略，只以动词原形开头。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。St
19、op bugging me.Stop bugging me.DonDon t judge a book by its cover.t judge a book by its cover.DonDon t get me wrong.t get me wrong.LetLet s just have a rest.s just have a rest.LetLet s hope for the best.s hope for the best.Let bygones be bygonesLet bygones be bygonesMake hay while sun shines.Make hay
20、 while sun shines.四感叹句：四感叹句：主要由主要由 whatwhat 和和 howhow 来引导。来引导。WhatWhat 结构主要有三种结构主要有三种What a(n)+What a(n)+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+谓语部分！谓语部分！What a lovely boy he is!What a lovely boy he is!B.B.What+What+形容词形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！谓语部分！What foolish mistakes you have made.What foolish mistakes you
21、 have made.What nice weather(it is)!What nice weather(it is)!C.C.What+a(n)+What+a(n)+可数名词单数！可数名词单数！3.3.HowHow 结构主要有三种：结构主要有三种：A.How+A.How+形容词形容词/副词副词+主谓部分主谓部分How lovely the boy is!How lovely the boy is!How fast the time flies!How fast the time flies!B.How+B.How+形容词形容词+a(n)+a(n)+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主谓部分主谓部分How lovely a boy he is!How lovely a boy he is!C.How+C.How+主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）How I hate exam!How I hate exam!我真烦考试！我真烦考试！How he snores!How he snores!他鼾声如雷！他鼾声如雷！