《2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题及答案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题及答案.pdf（18页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2020 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二 Section I Use of English（红色字体为参考答案）以下真题及答案由聚创考研网收集整理，仅供参考，如有出入请以教育部公布的权威答案和解析为准！Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to b
2、e.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 ,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,2 ,a younger sibling.3 ,Theres another sort of parent thats a
3、bit easier to 4 :a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,5 every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy 6 .Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,
4、and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far.And then the 9 happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good.You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over,Weve all been there:12 ,even though its common,its
5、important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with,your child but also 14 your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids,then you are inadverte
6、ntly modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control whe
7、n 17 by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills Certainly its incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability;to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children
8、.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky 2.A in addition B for example C at once D by accident 3.A fortunately B occasionall
9、y C accordingly D eventually 4.A amuse B assist C describe D train 5.A while B because C unless D once 6.A answer B task C choice D access 7.A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical 8.A move B drag C push D send 9.A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable 10.A boring B naive C harsh D vague 1
10、1.A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up 12.A overall B instead C however D otherwise 13.A like B miss C believe D regret 14.A raise B affect C justify D reflect 15.A time B bond C race D cool 16.A nature B secret C importance D context 17.A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted 18.A t
11、errible B hard C strange D wrong 19.A trying B changing C exciting D surprising 20.A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(4
12、0 points)Text l Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh.Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether
13、 rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic ratone social and one asocialfor 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the exp
14、eriment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity
15、 to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because
16、 it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal desi
17、gn.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“Wed assumed wed have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasnt necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Au
18、stralia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it
19、turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .A pick up social signals from non-living rats B distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one C attain sociable traits through special training D send out warming messages to their fellow 22.
20、What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?A It followed the social robot.B It played with some toys.C It set the trapped rats free.D It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they .A tried to practice a means of escape B expected it to do the sa
21、me in return C wanted to display their intelligence C considered that an interesting game 24.James Wiles notes that rats .A can remember other rats facial features B differentiate smells better than sizes C respond more to cations than to looks D can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25.It can be
22、 learned from the text that rats .A appear to be adaptable to new surroundings B are more socially active than other animals C behave differently from children in socializing D are more sensitive to social cues than expected Text 2 It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue
23、on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO
24、pay has gone uptop ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporationfrom the 350 largest such companiesnow makes ab
25、out$18.9 million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companies on the sto
26、ck market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its not popul
27、ar to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Todays CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financi
28、al markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then theres the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains
29、spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intens
30、ive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars:you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistica
31、tion and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always donewhich includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model,helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presen
32、ting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the worlds most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding,26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A The growth in the number of cooperations B The general pay rise with a better econo
33、my C Increased business opportunities for top firms D Close cooperation among leading economics 27.Compared with their predecessors,todays CEOs are required to .A foster a stronger sense of teamwork B finance more research and development C establish closer ties with tech companies D operate more gl
34、obalized companies 28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .A continual internal opposition B strict corporate governance C conservative business strategies D repeated governance warnings 29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps .A confirm the status of CEOs B motive ins
35、ide candidates C boost the efficiency of CEOs D increase corporate value 30.The most suitable title for this text would be .A CEOs Are Not Overpaid B CEO Pay:Past and Present C CEOs Challenges of Today D CEO Traits:Not Easy to Define Text 3 Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November w
36、hen it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece o
37、f his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the citys decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zones future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to t
38、ackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable,Thats because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual driverswho must pay fees or buy better vehiclesrather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic poll
39、ution.Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next years mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends,it is sure to spark intense oppositio
40、n from the far large number of motorists who will then be affected,Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements t
41、o air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,stokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting beca
42、use national governmentsBritains and others across Europehave failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areascity centers,“school streets”,even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require aut
43、o companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars 31.Which of the following is true about Madrids clean air zone?A Its effects are questionable B It has been
44、 opposed by a judge C It needs tougher enforcement D Its fate is yet to be decided 32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?A They are biased against car manufacturers.B Thay prove impractical for city councils.C They are deemed too mild for politicians.D That
45、 put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of Londons Ulez will.A arouse strong resistance.B ensure Khans electoral success.C improve the citys traffic.D discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A Local re
46、sidents B Mayors.C Councilors.D National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto comanies.A will raise low-emission car producation B should be forced to follow regulations C will upgrade the design of their vehicles D should be put under public supervision Text 4 Now tha
47、t members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring-the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995,give or take a yearthe attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market thats tighter th
48、an its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty offic
49、e cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between 1981 and 1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Z
50、s are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years,Geb Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They arent intereste