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1、 英语语言学与翻译考研穆雷英汉翻译基础教程考研真题 一、第 1 章 词汇翻译 一、翻译下面的句子，注意所选用词的感情色彩。1.As luck would have it,no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.As luck would have it,there was rain on the day of the picnic.【译文】幸运的是，爆炸发生时，没人在建筑物里。不凑巧的是，野餐那天下雨了。2.One player in particular deserves a mention.He deserves to
2、be locked up forever for what he did.【译文】一名运动员特别值得表扬。他做了这样的事，活该终身监禁。3.Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.That athlete tried to relive his glory days.【译文】凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。4.The bell is not working.Your idea wont work in practice.Professor White is at work on a
3、 new book.【译文】铃不响了。你的想法实际上行不通。怀特教授正在写一本新书。5.Our plan succeeded.The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out to make life difficult for his agency colleagues.However,he has a job to do.Part of that job is to ensure that people who attempt to buy policies because they expect to“die”soo
4、n do not succeed in fooling him and his company.【译文】我们的计划成功了。核保人如果认识到这一点，当然不会让他的代理处的同事难堪。然而，他又肩负着责任，其责任之一便是，确保那些因预计很快“死亡”而设法购买统保单的人欺骗核保人自己及其公司的企图不会得逞。6.Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.He s a very ambitious lad and he wants to play at the highest level.
5、（宁波大学 2019 研）【译文】许多人认为他是我们这个时代最有野心的政治家之一。他是个很有抱负的小伙子，想参加最高水平的比赛。【解析】ambitious 意为“野心勃勃的；有抱负的”，在翻译的过程中应根据句子的感情色彩进行相应的选择。7.He is the last man to come.This is the last place where I expected to meet you.【译文】他是最后来的。我怎么也没料到会在这里遇到你。【解析】在第一句中，last 意为“最后的”。在第二句中意为“最不可能的，最不适当的”，用来表示强调。8.Aggressive nations thr
6、eaten world peace.A salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.【译文】侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。推销员如果想要获得成功，必须有闯劲。9.He is a funny writer.There is something funny about the matter.You will be sorry if you try anything funny in class.【译文】他是个风趣的作家。事情有些蹊跷。你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔的。10.This typewriter is indeed cheap
7、 and fine.He is making himself cheap.【译文】这种打字机确实便宜又好用。他这么做正使他的名誉受损。11.She is fidgety and restless.All the inventors have a restless mind.【译文】她生性急躁好动。所有的发明家都有一个不停思索的头脑。12.Many healing practices that doctors once derided as inefficacious have now been sanctioned by the medical community.（北京航空航天大学2016
8、研）The British and the French imposed sanctions on Italy in 1935.【译文】许多医生曾经嘲笑过无效的治疗方法现在已被医学界批准。英法两国在 1935 年对意大利实施制裁。13.It is my comfort and my sincere conviction that you are going to try the life for which you are best fitted.I think it freedom and wildness more suited to you than any experiment in
9、a study of office would ever have been,and without that training,you could have followed no other suitable occupation.【译文】你将体验的生活是最适合你的，这是我的安慰，也是我诚挚的信念。我认为那种自由和无拘无束的生活较比书房或办公室的工作更适合你。缺少那种训练，你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。【解析】原文中 wildness 与 freedom 并列，很明显没有负面的含义，表示“不受约束”之意。因此，译为“无拘无束”更符合上下文。14.Your country is a cons
10、istent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against terrorism.It is the champion of apartheid.【译文】贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义的前列。它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首。15.The enemys scheme went bankrupt.We have mapped out a scheme.【译文】敌人的阴谋破产了。我们已经制定了一个方案。16.In our Second Address on the war,five days after the advent of
11、 those men,we told you what they were.【译文】在这伙人上台五天以后，我们在关于前次战争的第二篇宣言中已经向你们说明他们究竟是些什么货色了。17.Many of the old Orleanist stagers had merged into the Bonapartist lot.【译文】很多奥尔良的老角色也与波拿巴派同流合污了。18.As a demanding boss,he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.【译文】他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。
12、【解析】“demanding”本身属于中性词，但根据句意而翻成贬义词。19.But historical documents show that he helped expand the slave trade to the Caribbean by using violence against the native people.（宁夏大学2016 研）【译文】不过历史资料记载他是用武力镇压原住民，将奴隶贸易扩展到哥伦比亚地区的帮凶。【解析】help 本身为中性词，用在本句的语境下应将其译为贬义词，同时译文还采用了转性译法，将动词 help 转译为名词。二、翻译下面的句子，注意单词语法意义的
13、选择。1.As we all know,a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.It is base to cheat in any kind of examination.【译文】众所周知，碱与酸反应变成盐。无论在什么考试中，作弊都是可耻的行为。2.Its my right of way and other lorries must pull over or slow down until Ive passed it.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery
14、.【译文】我有优先通行权，其他卡车必须在我通行之前停靠或减速。她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫一案伸冤。3.Its been proved again and again in history that some power always tried to dominated and bully other small and weak countries.Theyve switched off the power.【译文】历史无数次证明：一些大国总想控制和欺凌弱小国家。他们关掉了电源。4.I saw him saw with a saw in a sawmill.【译文】我看到他在锯木厂用一把锯子在锯
15、东西。5.She was dressed in red.When he started criticizing my work,I really saw red.【译文】她身穿红衣。他竟批评起我的工作来了，我立即火冒三丈。6.I will see her home tonight.India is the home of elephants.Hes at home with the classics.Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.【译文】今晚我送她回家。印度是大象的生长地。他精通古典文学。美国妇产医院收费急剧上涨。7.
16、This light is too poor to read by.Aluminum is a light metal.Will you light the fire for me?【译文】这光线太暗，不能看书。铝是一种轻金属。你能替我点上火吗？8.The Earth is not completely round.Lets go into the hall and have a look around.They are dancing in a round.He worked round the day.The boys eyes rounded with excitement.【译文】地球
17、并不完全是圆的。让我们进大厅转一转。他们围城一圈跳舞。他工作了一整天。男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。9.Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars.The patient was connected to a television wave monitor.【译文】微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。病人情况通过波形监视器监视。10.He likes making chemical experiments.Like charges repel each other,unlike charges attract.Like the
18、human brain,a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information.All matters such as iron,water,air,and the like are made up of atoms.Like enough,the ship will arrive in port.【译文】他喜欢做化学实验。同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。计算机像人脑一样，也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器。一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。这艘船很可能明天进港。三、翻译下面的句子，注意
19、单词语境意义的选择。1.We are sorry to hear that your fathers in hospital again.She was sorry that shed lost her temper.【译文】听说你父亲又住院了，我们心里很不好受。她为自己发了脾气而感到抱歉。2.The cheques are all good,of course.I do not speak without good evidence.【译文】当然，这些支票是完全有效的。我不会说没有可靠根据的话。3.Deposits are,so to speak,unsecured credit held
20、by the people and kept at financial institutions.He bought the furniture on credit.【译文】这么说来，存款就是人们手中持有的并且放在金融机构里的没有担保的债权。他是靠赊账买下那件家具的。4.He claims that he was not given a fair hearing.The claim concerning the quality of the commodity shall be lodged within 30 days after arrival of the cargo at the po
21、rt of destination.【译文】他声称没有未得到公平的申诉机会。对货物质量的索赔须于货物抵达目的港之日起 30 日内提出。【解析】英语原文中的“claim”在普通英语中为“声称”“要求”“要求物”之意，但在国际贸易中，它具有了“索赔”这一专业意义，它同“lodge”搭配使用，构成“lodge a claim”这一表达专业意义的短语。5.It is possible that more of the company,s stores will be closed.Stock prices of many major commercial banks closed lower,as t
22、hey had in previous trading.【译文】这家公司有更多的商店很有可能要关闭了。正如先前的交易那样，许多大的商业银行的股票价格收盘低开。【解析】英语原文中的“closed”用于日常销售之中，使用“关闭”刚好同其主语“商店”在主谓关系上搭配得当。这里英语原文中的“closed”用于股票交易方面，为“收盘”之意。6.a soft aboveground launching site The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.Marijuana is usually regarded a
23、s a soft drug.At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention.【译文】无坚固掩体的地面发射基地 自从五月份创造了这个记录以来，人们一直认为它是很容易被打破的。大麻通常被看作是软性（毒性较轻的）麻醉毒品。在目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分的情报，我们不能鲁莽行事。7.Imports totalled$1.5 billion last year.An earlier POW returnee was given a new Corvette by a Denver dealer and
24、totaled it the next month.【译文】去年的进口总额达 15 亿美元。早些时候回国的一名战俘从丹佛的一个经售商处弄到了一辆崭新的考文特牌汽车，一个月后，这个车子就撞得无法修理了。8.The actor knows his lines.Draw a thick black line across the page.Your bill includes line rental.【译文】这名演员知道他的台词。在此页上横画一条粗黑线。你的账单中包括电话线路的租用费。9.The governments opinions on this matter havent moved.I m
25、ove that we support the introduction of this new technological process.Unless the employers move quickly,there will be strike.【译文】政府对这件事的看法没有改变。我提议我们支持采用这一新工艺方法。雇主若不尽快采取措施，就要引起一场罢工。四、翻译下面的句子，注意单词搭配意义的选择。1.soft music soft life soft drink soft goods soft light soft breeze【译文】轻音乐；安逸的生活；软饮料（不含酒精）；纺织品；柔和
26、的光线；微风 2.a handsome car a handsome man a handsome profit a handsome compliment【译文】漂亮的车；英俊的男士；一大笔利润；大加赞赏 3.good results good food a good point a good deed【译文】好的结果；符合标准的食物；有说服力的依据；高尚的习惯行为 4.poor health poor food poor light poor soil a poor country a poor swimmer 【译文】身体不好；劣质食物；昏暗的光线；贫瘠的土壤；贫穷的国家；不擅长游泳的人
27、 5.regular breathing regular customers a face with regular features a regular army/soldier a regular disaster【译文】均匀的呼吸；老主顾；五官端正的脸庞；正规军；正规军士兵；一场彻底的灾难 6.to cut wheat to cut cake to cut finger-nails【译文】割麦子；切蛋糕；剪指甲 7.to fuel up on food to fuel up on water【译文】吃点食物；喝点啤酒 8.A fly landed on his nose.Students
28、 sit civil service exam to land stable jobs【译文】一只苍蝇落在他的鼻子上。莘莘学子参加公务员考试以获得稳定工作。9.The earth moves round the sun.Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.He has moved his furniture into another house.The work moves slowly.【译文】地球绕着太阳转。热量从较热的地方传递到较冷的地方。他已经把家具搬到另一所房子中。工作进展缓慢。10.The wine flowed freely.He
29、allowed his friend to use his house freely.Millions of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.【译文】葡萄酒无限量供应。他允许朋友们随意使用他的房子。为响应救济地震灾民的呼吁，几百万人慷慨相助。11.He drew a thick line on the paper.She has thick hair.I think he is rather thick.【译文】他在纸上画了一条粗线。她头发浓密。我认为他相当蠢。12.J
30、ack quickly learned the language and customs of the Chinese.【译文】杰克很快学会了中国人的语言，适应了中国人的风俗习惯。13.Capitalism cannot cure itself of its destructive internal contradiction.【译文】资本主义无法消除其本身具有的毁灭行的内在矛盾。【解析】cure 一般译为“医治”，但“医治”与“矛盾”搭配不当。翻译时，应根据汉语习惯改为“消除”。14.yet,as it sometimes happens that a person departs his
31、life,who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones;who is a good Christian,a good parent,a good child,a good wife or a good husband;who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss.(W.M.Thackeray,Vanity Fair)【译文】不过偶尔也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝
32、顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫，他们家里的人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他们（萨克雷名利场）（杨必译）15.He wore dark glasses,and thick jersey,and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.【译文】他戴着墨镜，穿着厚毛衣，耳朵里塞了棉花。16.Chinas top industrial regulator said on Tuesday that the country is unlikely to see a“double dip”in its economy in the second half of this year
33、.【译文】中国最高产业监管机构本周二表示，今年下半年，中国不可能出现经济“二次探底”的情况。【解析】英语中的“see”是“看见”之意，这里如果将其直译，势必同其后面的“二次探底的情况”搭配不当，造成语意不通，因此采用“出现”来翻译。17.During the ten years application of WTO,the Dispute Settlement System plays a very important role in the field of international trade dispute settlements.As the key process of the w
34、hole system,panel jurisdiction wins more and more respect.【译文】在世界贸易组织运作的十年间，争端解决机制在国际贸易争端解决领域发挥着非常重要的作用。作为整个机制的关键，专家组裁决赢得了越来越广泛的尊重。五、人名、地名、俗语、习语、术语新词等特殊词汇的翻译。.将下列人名和地名翻译为汉语，注意选择合适的翻译方法。1.Cambodia【译文】柬埔寨 2.Columbia【译文】哥伦比亚 3.Geneva【译文】日内瓦 4.Bern【译文】伯尔尼 5.New York【译文】纽约 6.Berkeley【译文】巴克莱（英音）；贝克莱（美音）。7
35、.Maugham【译文】毛姆【解析】需要注意 Maugham 中的 gh 不发音。8.Los Angeles【译文】洛杉矶 9.Liverpool【译文】利物浦 10.Sheffield【译文】谢菲尔德 11.Birmingham【译文】伯明翰 12.Coventry【译文】考文垂 13.Leeds【译文】利兹 14.Glasgow【译文】格拉斯哥 15.Belfast 【译文】贝尔法斯特 16.Detroit【译文】底特律 17.Chicago【译文】芝加哥 18.Las Animas【译文】拉斯阿尼马斯 19.Skolovsky【译文】斯科鲁夫斯基 20.Longbridge【译文】朗布里
36、奇 21.Pleasant Hill【译文】普莱曾特希尔 22.Wellington【译文】惠灵顿 23.Ontario【译文】安大略省 24.Suez【译文】苏伊士 25.Congo【译文】刚果 26.Mozambique 【译文】莫桑比克 27.Engels【译文】恩格斯 28.Tolstoy【译文】托尔斯泰 29.Napoleon【译文】拿破仑 30.Aristotle【译文】亚里士多德 31.Socrates【译文】苏格拉底 32.John Thomas Smith【译文】约翰托马斯史密斯【解析】翻译英语姓名时，姓和名（及教名）之间，需要用圆点间隔。姓氏前有 Jr 译成“小”，以与其祖
37、父相区别。33.Bethune【译文】贝休恩 34.Donald Trump【译文】唐纳德特朗普 35.Elon Musk【译文】埃隆马斯克 36.Ivanka Trump 【译文】伊万卡特朗普 37.Jared Kushner【译文】贾里德库什纳 38.Mark Zuckerberg【译文】马克扎克伯格 39.Franz Boas【译文】弗朗茨博厄斯 40.Edward Sapir【译文】爱德华萨丕尔 41.Benjamin Lee Whorf【译文】本杰明李沃尔夫 42.Edward Tylor【译文】爱德华泰勒 43.Joseph Needham【译文】李约瑟（英国）【解析】有些外国人喜
38、欢汉化本名，翻译时，应增添其国籍，以免误导读者。44.John Leighton Stuart【译文】司徒雷登（美国）45.John King Fairbank【译文】费正清（美国）46.James G.Endicott 【译文】文幼章（加拿大）47.Pearl S.Buck【译文】赛珍珠（美国）48.White Hall【译文】白厅【解析】英国伦敦的一条街，英国政府机关所在地。49.New York Institute of Technology【译文】纽约理工学院 50.Cape of Good Hope【译文】好望角 51.Pacific Ocean【译文】太平洋 52.Pentagon
39、【译文】五角大楼 53.Foggy Bottom【译文】雾谷【解析】指美国国务院。54.Cambridge【译文】康桥 55.New Delhi【译文】新德里 56.New Zealand 【译文】新西兰 57.New Orleans【译文】新奥尔良 58.South Haven【译文】南黑文 59.New South Wales【译文】新南威尔士州 60.Western Australia【译文】西澳大利亚州.将下列习语成语翻译为汉语，注意选择合适的翻译方法。1.to be a parrot【译文】鹦鹉学舌；人云亦云 2.as strong as a horse【译文】强壮如牛 3.to s
40、hed crocodile tears【译文】猫哭老鼠 4.the apple of ones eye【译文】掌上明珠 5.as timid as a hare【译文】胆小如鼠 6.as strong as a horse【译文】力大如牛 7.as poor as a church mouse【译文】一贫如洗 8.Man proposes,God disposes.【译文】谋事在人，成事在天。9.Everyone for himself,God for us all.【译文】人人为自己，老天为大家。10.A small bird wants but a small nest.【译文】燕雀无(安
41、知)鸿鹄之志。11.Take not the musket(步枪)to kill a butterfly.【译文】杀鸡焉用牛刀。12.You cant sell the cow and drink the milk.【译文】鱼与熊掌不可兼得。13.Beat the dog before the lion.【译文】杀鸡给猴看。14.Love me,love my dog.【译文】爱屋及乌。15.Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.【译文】宁为鸡口，不为牛后。16.to kill the goose that lays the g
42、olden eggs【译文】杀鸡取卵 17.kill two birds with one stone【译文】一箭双雕；一举两得 18.a land of honey and milk【译文】鱼米之乡 19.as timid as a rabbit【译文】胆小如鼠 20.as mute as a fish【译文】噤若寒蝉 21.to spend money like water【译文】挥金如土 22.to look for a needle in haystack【译文】大海捞针 23.carrot and stick【译文】软硬兼施；威逼利诱；奖惩并用 24.Jack of all trad
43、es and master of none【译文】杂而不精的人 25.to separate the sheep from the goats【译文】分辨良莠 26.to take French leave【译文】不告而别 27.to carry coals to Newcastle【译文】多此一举【解析】纽卡斯尔是英国煤炭重镇，故往纽卡斯尔运煤是多此一举。28.to paint the lily 【译文】画蛇添足 29.to face the music【译文】临危不惧 30.to mind ones Ps and Qs【译文】谨言慎行 31.to put the cart before t
44、he horse【译文】本末倒置 32.to laugh off ones head【译文】笑掉大牙 33.neither fish nor flesh【译文】不伦不类 34.Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.【译文】宁为鸡头，不为凤尾。35.When the cats away,the mice will play.【译文】大王外出，小鬼跳梁。36.It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.【译文】家丑不可外扬。37.There is no smoke without fire.【
45、译文】无风不起浪。38.To die on ones feet is better than to live on ones knees.【译文】好死不如赖活。39.He is the black sheep of a lovely familyoh,how would any of the Butlers ever turn out anything like him.【译文】他真是一个可爱家庭里的害群之马唉，巴特勒家的人哪有像他这样的人。40.I was limp as a dish rag.My back felt as though it had been beaten with wi
46、res.【译文】我软得像一团棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。【解析】原文中 limp as a dish rag，如直译为“像洗碟布一样柔软”，既不地道，又会让人有不适的感觉，不如用汉语中常说的“软得像一团棉花”加以归化。41.He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him“magpie”.【译文】他如此唠叨，同伴们给他起了个“麻雀”的外号。【解析】英语中“喜鹊”喻义“唠叨、饶舌”，但在汉语中“喜鹊”却象征着“喜事，吉祥”，而“麻雀”象征着“唠叨，啰嗦”，所以用归化法。42.Why,Ive got gooseflesh
47、this minute,just thinking about it.【译文】这会儿，我一想到这点就浑身起鸡皮疙瘩。43.Live like cat and dog.【译文】成天吵架。44.All good things come to an end.【译文】天下无不散之筵席。45.Every dog has his day.【译文】凡人皆有得意日。46.Look at the chaps in politics and business,whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice,and getting knighted for
48、it.【译文】试看那些政治上和商业上的家伙们，他们整个儿的生活都是在风险中度过的，可是都因此封了爵。【解析】to skate on thin ice 若直译为“如履薄冰”，则会产生谨慎从事的联想，有违原意。47.to come like a dog at a whistle【译文】一呼即来 48.Hilter was once as proud as a peacock.【译文】希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。49.Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.【译文】玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。50.She likes to rubber-neck.【译
49、文】她爱问长问短。51.to bring down the house【译文】全场喝彩 52.plain sailing【译文】一帆风顺 53.to show ones clean heels【译文】逃之夭夭 54.to go on a wild goose chase 【译文】枉费心机 55.as greedy as a wolf【译文】贪得无厌 56.Every bean has its black.【译文】人皆有短处。.将下列术语新词翻译为汉语。1.money bill【译文】金融法案 2.idle loans【译文】呆滞贷款，呆账 3.inventory【译文】库存产品 4.payme
50、nts in marketable securities【译文】有价证券支付 5.exclusive agency【译文】独家代理权 6.ultimatum【译文】最后通牒 7.source【译文】人士【解析】在新闻文体中，无论单数形式的 source 还是复数形式的sources，都通常译为“人士”。8.reveal/disclose【译文】披露【解析】在新闻文体中，这两个词通常译为“披露”。9.quotation【译文】报价单【解析】quotation 是商业术语，在商贸文体中，常译为“报价单”。10.provision【译文】（法律）条款 11.Fintech【译文】金融科技（Finan