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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Lesson01 APumaatlarge 逃遁的美洲狮New words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现= see, pickout, recognize, catch sightof 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现- Atallmaniseasytospotinthecrowd.- Hehasgoodeyeforspottingmistakes.同意词：- find：强调发现的结果 / fin
2、dout：查出事实真相- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面Spot n.斑点- Thereisawhitespotontheshirt.onthespot有两个含义：1 立刻, 马上（atonce, immediately）- Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleaveonthespot.2 attheplaceoftheaction 在现场- Whereversheisneeded, sheisquicklyonthespot.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）E
3、vident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然Evidence = proof (n.证据)- Whenthepolicearrived, hehadalreadydestroyedtheevidence.inevidence 显而易见的- Hewasinevidenceattheparty.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）- Astheevidenceaccumulates, expertsfromthezoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处- The teacher
4、 gathered his students in the classCollect vt.搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配- A large number of people assemble on the square.Hoard vt.大量的储存 （- hoardup = storeup 储藏）- Thesquirrelhoardsupnutsforthecoldwinter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）am
5、ass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）- The clouds amassed above the hillsOblige v.使感到必须feelobligedtodosth 感觉有必要做某事- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）beobligedtodosth 被迫做某事- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt n.债务）hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （huntfor）- The experts from London zoo be
6、gan to hunt (v.) for a puma.- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实）search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.runafter 强调追赶, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat- what are you run after in your lifeseek = pursue v.追寻(理想)chase v.追赶
7、（- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果humanbeing 人类corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态- Thethiefwascorneredatlast - Theproblemcorneredme.corner n.角落 - atthecornerofthestreet - inthecorneroftheroom - onthecornerofthedeskTrail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪,
8、 追踪（= follow）- Thepolicetrailedthecriminaltotheplacewherehewashiding （criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）- Sheisalwaysclingingtohermother. - Heclungtothehopethathewouldsucceed. 他怀有成功的希望stick v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stickto坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）
9、n.许诺 sticky adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers）convince v.使信服1convincesb ofsth - I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。2 beconvinced that - I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的） somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因= bysomemeans, insomeway, forsomereasonunknown- Ill get the book back somehow.
10、 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= alittle）- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）disturb v.令人不安disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的, 野生的inves
11、tigate v.调查, 研究description n.描写, 描述extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外similar adj.相似的, 类似的attack vt.攻击difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点rabbit n.兔, 野兔paw n.手掌, 手爪fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛bush n.矮树丛fully adv.充分地, 完全地collector n.收藏家, 征收者Text 课文atlarge 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 - The thief is still at largeat large 详细地（= i
12、ndetail）n.细节, 详情 - I need talk to you at largeat large 总体来讲（= asawhole）- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）Wheremustthepumahavecomefrom?Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。- Pandasarelargecat-likeanimalswhic
13、harefoundinAsia. （panda n.熊猫）cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰- 定语从句的引导词：- 指人：主语who；宾语who, whom；定
14、语whose- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why2 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容- 同位语从句的引导词：- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which- 时间：when；地点：where- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句- Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.- Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim。theywerenottakenseriously（they指代r
15、eports）takesth seriously = dealwithsth seriously 认真地对待某事- I always take your suggestions seriously.takesth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）- Dont take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate, forthedescriptionsgiven
16、bypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.However adv.然而(起转折作用) As 连词：随着, 当.之时过去分词做定语：- the descriptions given by people- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)- a book written by Luxunclaimtohavedonesth 声称曾经做过某事- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.Thehunt
17、forthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessawalargecatonlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Where a woman picking 定语从句- IstillremembertheschoolwhereIstudiedEnglish.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Confirm = besure = becertai
18、n (confirm vt.确定)Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.search = huntWhereveritwent,itleftbehinditat
19、railofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.把某物留在后面：leavebehind- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。pumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes. （被动） We found the puma fur clingi
20、ng to bushes. （主动）- clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补Severalpeoplecomplainedofcat-plainof/aboutsth 抱怨某事on+名词：强调动作正在进行- ontherise 在上升 / ontheincrease 在增加- onthewatch 在观看 / onthematch 在比赛中- onthefishingtrip 在钓鱼的途中 / onholiday 在度假Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Ful
21、ly（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.sth be inthepossessionofsb = sth be insbspossession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)- Thebeautifulcarisinmypossession.= The beautiful car is inthe
22、possessionofme.Sb be inpossessionofsth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)- Iaminpossessionofthebeautifulcar.（in possession of 做表语）- Thepersoninpossessionofthebighouseisexcited. （in possession of 做定语）takepossessionof 拥有Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）Itisdisturbingtothi
23、nkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.Itisdisturbingtothinkthat. 一想到就心理不安- Itisdisturbingtothinkthat I fail my examinationinthequietcountryside 在宁静的山村Special difficulties 难点ExercisesA1.at/for 2.to 3.to 4.in 5.onExercisesB1.Heisthemanwehaveheardaboutsomuch.2.Theshelfyouputthos
24、ebooksonhascollapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）3.Whomdidyoureceivealetterfrom?特殊疑问句中whom不能省略（本句）。定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。固定的动词短语lookfor：寻找（去掉for后look没有寻找的意思，所以介词for不能前置）非固定的动词短语lookat：注视livein：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置）Thisistheoldhouseinwhichheliv
25、ed. = Thisistheoldhousehelivedin.4.Thisistheroadwecameby?5.Whereisthepencilyouwereplayingwith?Multiple choice questions 多项选择1 正确答案：D in common adv.共有 （替换了similar）2 正确答案：BA）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B）largecatpersuade v.说服, 劝说3 答案正确：C做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意。文章最后一句话总结了大意句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键4 答案正确：C Make的用法：ma
26、kesomebodydo（在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略）bemadetodo（被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整）- They made her wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours.5 答案正确： DA）把say改成claim就对了 （- Peopleclaimedtohaveseenthepuma.）D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 正确答案：B原句中的when引导的时间状语从句表示：.就（assoonas）被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.主动：Onobser
27、vingher, itimmediatelyranaway.On seeing me, he waved to me.7 正确答案：Dexcept可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式）unless = if.not = exceptontheconditionthatwhen = if- except when they are cornered. = except if they are cornered.- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.8 正确答
28、案：DA）mustbe只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词9 正确答案：Conmorethan = nothing more than = only / within = notmorethan10 正确答案：Binacorner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地inatrap 落于陷阱中at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中11. 正确答案：Bfishesforpleasure 钓鱼消遣 travel for pleasure 外出
29、游玩 read for pleasure 阅读消遣12 on ones own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）for ones own benefit 为了某人自己的利益 Lesson 1 A puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮【New words and expressions】 生词和短语puma n. 美洲狮spot v. 看出，发现evidence n. 证据accumulate v. 积累，积聚oblige v. 使感到必须hunt n. 追猎；寻找blackberry n. 黑莓human being 人类corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境tr
30、ail n. 一串，一系列print n. 印痕cling (clung, clung ) v. 粘convince v.使信服somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因disturb v. 令人不安学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句型结构时则要把它放在段落结构或文章里spot v. 看出，发现to notice someone or something, especially when they are difficult to see or recognizee.g:I spotted a police car behind us.It ca
31、n be hard for even a trained doctor to spot the symptoms of lung cancer.I spotted someone coming out of the building.pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of eg: A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。spot(做动词时候) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。同意词比较：f
32、ind 强调发现的结果。find out 查出事实真相。discover 做出重大发现notice 注意到observe 观察watch 观察活动中的人或画面spot n. 斑点eg: There is a white spot on the shirt.on the spot 1,立刻，马上（at once, immediately ）Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.2,at the place of the action 在现场Wherever she is needed , she is quick
33、ly on the spot.evidence un. 证据 不可数名词When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.evidence=proof(n.证据)in evidence:显而易见的.He was in evidence at the party.evident adj./evidently adv.accumulate vt,vi. 积累，积聚accumulate 强调积累的过程As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged
34、to investigate.gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处we gathered under tower clock.The teacher gathered his students in the class.collect 收集，采集Do you collect stamps?Yes,I collect stamps as my hobby.assemble 集合，集会， vt. 装配A large number of people assemble on the square.hoard 大量地贮存hoard up= store upThe squirrel hoards
35、 up nuts for the cold winter. (squirrel n.松鼠 nut n. 坚果)amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）The clouds amassed above the hills.oblige v. 使感到必须make sb feel it is necessary to do sth feel obliged to do sth. =feel that you have a duty to do something感觉有必要做某事I feel obliged to say no to his demand(n.要求).I felt obliged t
36、o invite him.be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事They were obliged do sell their car to pay their debts off.(debt n.债务, 罪过)Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.hunt vt.n. 追猎；寻找The experts form London zoo bagan to hunt(vt.) for a puma.The hunt(n.) for the puma proved the difficulte.search 搜寻某处为了寻
37、找到某人或某物,与hunt意义极其接近The ploice were searching the forest for the missing boy.And the search for that boy proved the difficulte.run after 强调追赶、追求.Look,a dog is running after a cat.What are you running after in your life?seek 追寻（梦想，理想= pursue）多用于书面chase 追赶.They are chasing a thief./They are running aft
38、er a thief.corner v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境corner n. 角落at the corner of the streetin the corner of the roomon the corner of the deskbe cornered 被逼得走投无路常用于被动语态：The thief was cornered at last.The problem cornered me.这个问题把我难倒了。trail n. 一串，一系列 a trail of blood一串串血痕trail=follow vt. 跟踪eg: The police trailed the crim
39、inal to the place where he was hiding. （criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者）cling (clung, clung,clinging ) v. 粘eg: She is always clinging to her mother.He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有，怀有梦想、希望)stick v.粘住 stick the envelop (envelop n.信封)stick to 坚持 stick to the plan/stick to ones promise.sticky adj. 粘的
40、sticky fingersconvince vt. 使信服 -convince sb. of sth 使某人相信某事I convinced him of my honesty.-和宾语从句that 搭配使用没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convincedThe experts from the zoo were convinced that the animal was the puma.sb be convinced sb相信I am convinced that she is a honest girl.somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因by some mea
41、ns, in some way, for some reason unknownIll get the book back somehow.无论如何I get lost somehow. 不知怎么搞地somewhat adv.(=a little ) 稍微, 有点, 有些The price is somewhat higher than I expected.disturb v. 令人不安You disturb me.disturbing adj. 令人不安的disturbed 感到不安的surprising 令人吃惊的surprised 感到吃惊的exciting 令人激动的excited
42、感到激动的【课文讲解】at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。if a dangerous person or animal is at large, they have escaped from somewhere or have not been caughte.g:The thief is still at large.2：详细的(in detail)I need talk to you at large.3：总体来讲（=as a whole）The students at large are hungry for English.Pumas are large, cat-like
43、animals which are found in America.在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点E.g.: Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.cat-like adj.象猫的, 偷偷摸摸的dog-like adj.象狗的, 顽强的, 忠实的life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。定语从句的引导词： 指人：主语 who 宾语 who/whom 定语 whose 表达事物：that(也可指人)/ which 时间状语：when 地点状语：where 原因状语： why同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容同位语从句的引导词：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that 而不是which时间 when 地点 where定