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1、外研版 2018 年英语中考归纳复习专题：动词与动词短语【动词】动词一般分为实义动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词。其中实义动词是主要考查点。动词的基本形式:大部分动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。形式 构成 例词 动词原形 第三人称单数 在动词原形后加-s run-runs 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach-teaches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变 y 为i，再加-es study-studies 现在分词 在动词原形后加-ing read-reading 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live-
2、living 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing sit-sitting 少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词要变 ie 为 y,再加-ing die-dying lie-lying 过去 式与 过去 分词（规则 变化）在动词原形后加-ed work-worked 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变 y 为i，再加-ed carry-carried 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,直接加d live-lived【考点训练 1】1.The little gir
3、l can _(sing)very well.2.The person who is the earliest will get what he or she _(want).3.He _(write)a letter to his best friend yesterday.4.Edison enjoyed _(try)his new ideas.5.My brother _(make)many American friends since he _(come)here.答案：sing wants wrote trying has made came【实义动词与助动词的用法】1.实义动词实义
4、动词本身含有实际意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。其分类及用法如下：分类 用法 例句 按句法功能分 及物 动词 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使意义完整。Please open the window.请打开窗户。不及物 动词 本身意义完整，无需接宾语。若不及物动词要接宾语，其后需加适当的介词。He works hard.他努力工作。I like listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。按动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短分 延续性 动词 表示能够延续的动作，如：learn，work，keep，sleep，live 等，可以与表示时间段的状语（for+时间段，since+时间点，
5、since 从句）连用。I have lived here for five years.我在这儿住了五年了。非延续 性动词 也称瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，动作发生后立即结束，如：open，die，begin，finish，come，borrow，lend，buy 等,不能与表示时间段的状语连I borrowed a book from the library.我从图书馆借了一本书。用。2.助动词助动词不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词（主要是实义动词）一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式。常见助动词有 be，do，have，will/shall 等，具体用法如下：助动词 功能
6、例句 be 构成现在进行时：am/is/are+现在分词 I am listening to music.我正在听音乐。构成过去进行时：was/were+现在分词 I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night.昨晚八点我正在洗澡。构成一般将来时：am/is/are+going to+动词原形 They are going to have a trip next month.下个月他们将要去旅行。构成被动语态：be(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词 Many trees are planted every year.每年种植很多树。do 构成疑
7、问句、否定句一般现在时中用do,does(单三式)，一般过去时中用 did Do you like reading?你喜欢阅读吗？He didnt go to school yesterday.他昨天没有去上学。构成否定祈使句：Dont+动词原形 Dont arrive late for class.上课不要迟到。have 构成现在完成时：have/has+过去分词 I have taught English in the school for three years.我已在这所学校教了三年英语了。will/shall 构成一般将来时:will/shall+动词原形 She will go t
8、o Beijing next Monday.下周一她将去北京。助动词在省略句中的运用 为了避免重复，一些句子常常省略（前面提到过的）谓语动词，而用相应的助动词代替此谓语动词，助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。这种用法也常用于一般疑问句的简略回答中。如：She wont go there，but I will(=but I will go there).用助动词 will 代替 will go there Do you have a pen?Yes，I do(=I have a pen).用助动词 do 代替 have a pen【考点训练 2】用适当的助动词填空。(注意否定形式)1.I dont
9、 have a basketball，but my friend David _.2.In England，tea _ appear until around 1660.3.Although the man has a lot of money，it _ make him happy.4.You _ catch the first bus unless you leave now.5.This is the most interesting book I _ ever read.6.A babys first-month birthday is a special event in China
10、 and _ with a special party.（）A.is celebrated B.is celebrating C.was celebrated D.celebrates 答案：does didnt doesnt wont have A【系动词的用法】系动词用于连接主语和表语，表示主语的身份、性质和状态等。系动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟形容词、名词或介词短语等作表语。英语中常见的系动词有：系动词 词义 例句 am/is/are。是 He is my uncle.他是我的叔叔。keep 保持 They always keep silent.他们总是保持沉默 stay The bo
11、okstore stays open until 8:00 pm.这家书店会一直开到晚上八点。become 变得 He has become a member of this club.他已经成为这家俱乐部的会员。get It is getting dark.天色渐渐暗了。go It is getting dark.天色渐渐暗了。turn xThe leaves are turning yellow.树叶正在变黄。feel 感觉；摸起来 I feel tired.我感觉很累。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔软。look 看起来 My mother looks very
12、 young.我的妈妈看起来很年轻。smell 闻起来 The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。sound 听起来 That sounds interesting.那听起来很有趣。taste 尝起来 The soup tastes terrible.这汤尝起来很糟糕。【考点训练 3】1.What Mr.White said sounds _(friend).2.The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.(sad)3.The meat smells _.Throw it aw
13、ay.（）A.well B.good C.badly D.bad 4.When spring comes，trees begin to _ green.（）A.sound B.taste C.keep D.turn 5.Good morning.Id like a birthday gift for my mother.What about this scarf?It is beautiful and it _ soft and smooth.（）A.feels B.looks C.seems D.becomes 答案：friendly sadly sad D D A【动词短语】动词短语是指动
14、词跟介词或副词等构成的固定词组。1.动词短语的分类(1)动词+介词在此类动词短语中，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。如 arrive at/in,ask for,come from,get to,laugh at,listen to,look after,wait for 等。(2)动词+副词在此类动词短语中，宾语为代词(宾格)时，只能位于动词和副词之间；宾语为名词时，位于副词 前后均可。如 find out,give up,put off,turn on,think over 等。(3)动词+副词+介词在此类动词短语中，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。如 come up wi
15、th,get on/along with,go on with,look forward to 等。(4)动词+名词+介词在此类动词短语中，名词之前可加形容词来修饰，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。如 make friends with,make use of,pay attention to,take part in,take care of 等。2.初中阶段常用的动词短语 agree with 同意 arrive in/at 到达 ask for 要求 begin with 以开始 belong to 属于 be made from/of 由制成 break out（战争等）爆发
16、bring back 恢复；使想起；归还 call（sb.）back（给某人）回电话 call for 要求;需要 call in 召来；叫来 call up 打电话（给某人）；征召 care about 关心;在意 care for 照顾；非常喜欢 check out 察看；观察 cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 clean.off 把擦掉 come in 进来 come out 出来；出版；（花朵）开花 come on 快点儿 come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）come back 回来 come from 来自 com
17、pare.with 比较；对比 connect.with 把和连接或联系起来 cut out 删除；删去 cut down 砍倒；削减（开支）cut up 切碎 deal/do with 应对；处理 depend on 依靠;信赖;取决于 die of 死于（疾病,饥饿,寒冷等内在原因）die from 死于（交通事故等外界原因）die out 绝种；灭绝 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 divide.into 把分成 dream of/about 梦想；想象 drive sb.crazy/mad 使人发疯/发狂 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入 end up 以结束 fall asl
18、eep 进入梦乡；睡着 fall behind 落后 fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 fall into 落入;陷入里 fall in love with sb.爱上某人 fall off 从掉下 fall over 绊倒 fight for 争取获得（权力、自由等）fight against 同对抗 fight with 和并肩作战 find out 查明；弄清 fix up 修理；装饰 get dressed 穿上衣服 get lost 迷路 get married 结婚 get on 上车 get off 下车 get over 克服 get on/along with 和睦相
19、处；关系良好 get up 起床；站起来 get into（trouble）陷入（困境中）get in the way of 挡的路；妨碍 get out of 离开；从出来 get to 到达 get used to 习惯于 give away 赠送；捐赠 give out 分发；散发 give in（to sb.）（向某人）屈服 give up 放弃 go along 沿着走 go through 通过；经受 go over 复习 go out of ones way 特地；格外努力 go up（价格）上涨；上升 go against 违反 go away 离开 go to the/a d
20、octor 去看医生 go by（时间）逝去；过去 go down（价格）下跌；（日、月）西沉 go on（with）继续进行 go out 外出；熄灭 go off（闹钟）发出响声 go for a walk 去散步 grow up 长大；成熟；成长 hand in 上交；提交 hand out 分发 hang out 闲逛；常去某处 have.in common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同 have to do with 关于；与有关系 have a break/rest 休息 have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a look 看一看 have
21、 a stomachache 胃痛 have a point 有道理 hear of/about 听说 hear from 收到某人的来信 hold on to 坚持 hold up 举起 hold on 别挂电话 keep up with 跟上 keep out 不使进入 keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep.away from 避免接近；远离 keep on 继续；坚持下来 keep ones cool 沉住气；保持冷静 keep.to oneself 保守秘密 kick sb.off 开除某人 knock at/on 敲 knock into 撞到某人身
22、上 laugh at 嘲笑 lay out 摆开；布置 learn about 获悉；得知 learn from 从/向学习 leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略 let.down 使失望 live on 以为食 live by 靠生活 look for 寻找；寻求 look up（在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看 look through 快速查看；浏览 look after 照料；照顾 look at 看一看 look out 当心 look about/around/round 四下查看 look forward to 盼望；期待 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 look
23、back at 回首（往事）；回忆；回顾 make sure 确保；查明 make.feel at home 使（某人）感到宾至如归 make a mess 弄得一团糟（一塌糊涂）make an effort 作出努力 make ones own decision 自己做决定 make ones way 前往；费力地前进 make up 编造（故事、谎言等）；组成 make a difference（to.）（对）有影响；有作用 mix up 混合 pass by 路过；经过 pay back 还钱 pay for 付费；付出代价 pay attention to 注意；关注 pick up
24、拾起；接人；接电话；收听（节目）pick out 挑选 prepare for 为做准备 put down 放下；写下 put sth.to good use 好好利用某物 put up 张贴；举起；搭起 put out 扑灭 put off 推迟 put.into 放进里 put away 收起来放好 put aside 放到一边 put back 放回 put on 穿上（衣服等）；增加（体重）；发胖；（戏剧）上演 run after 追逐；追赶 run away 跑开 run out（of）用尽；耗尽 search for 搜索；搜查 sell out 卖光 send out 发出；放出
25、；射出 send for 派人去请 separate from 分离；隔开 set up 建起；设立 set out 出发；启程 show up 出席;露面 shut off 关闭；停止运转 stand out 突显；引人注目 stand up 起立；站起来 stay up 不睡觉;熬夜 stick to 坚持；固守 talk about 讨论；谈论 talk with/to.和交谈 talk back 回嘴；顶嘴 take a message 捎个口信；传话 take.seriously 认真对待 take place 发生；出现 take after（外貌或行为）像 take care o
26、f 照顾；处理 take off 脱下（衣服等）；（飞机等）起飞 take a risk/risks 冒险 take away 拿走 take part in 参加 take up（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做 take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 take a break/breaks 休息 take in 吸入；吞入（体内）take pride in 为感到自豪 take ones temperature 量体温 take the place of/take ones place 代替 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 think of 想起；考虑 think about
27、思考；考虑 think over 仔细考虑；反复掂量 throw away 扔掉；抛弃 try on 试穿 try out 参加选拔；试用 turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 turn off 关掉（电流、煤气、水等）turn to 翻到；转向求助 turn down 调低（音量、亮度等）；拒绝 turn back 往回走 turn round 转过身来 turn up 调高（音量、亮度等）turn.into 变成 wait for 等待；等候 wake up 唤醒；弄醒；醒来 work out（成功地）发展;解决 worry about 为担忧 write down 写下；记下【
28、考点训练 4】1.Grandfather lives with us.We all _ him.（）A.look at B.look for C.look after D.look like 2.As soon as she _ at home，Sally knew she had bought the wrong dress.（）A.handed it in B.tried it on C.cut it out D.made it up 3.Dont _ too late，or you will feel tired in class.I wont，Mum.（）A.call up B.wak
29、e up C.stay up D.get up 红色是答案【中考示例】(2017广西)You should _ your shoes before you enter the dance room.()A.take off B.put off C.get off D.fall off【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在进入舞蹈室之前你应当脱掉鞋子。A 项意为“脱下(衣服等)”；B项意为“推迟”；C 项意为“离开；动身；下车”；D 项意为“跌落；减少”。【考题热身】1.(2017云南)Youd better _ more time talking with your parents so that
30、 they can understand you better.（）A.Spend B.take C.cost D.pay 2.(2017云南)Tom,the baby is sleeping.Please _ the radio a bit.（）A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down 3.(2017安顺)If you try hard,your dream will _.Yes,I _.（）A.come true;will B.be truly;will C.come true;do D.be true;do 4.(2017青岛)These or
31、anges look nice,but _ very sour.（）A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look 5.(2017江西)Would you like to see a movie with me on Saturday night?Sorry,I didnt _ it.Could you please say it again?（）A.receive B.catch C.find D.finish 6.(2017苏州)Sorry,Ive forgotten your name.Can you _ me?（）Im Daniel.A.remind B.receive C
32、.respect D.remember 7.(2017重庆 B 卷)Its not a good habit to _ what you can do today till tomorrow.（）A.take off B.put off C.get off D.turn off 8.(2017扬州)What do you think of the sofa?Not bad,but it may _ too much space of our living room.（）A.take up B.put up C.open up D.make up 9.(2017泰州)Before you cho
33、ose a book,youd better _ the first few pages to know whether it is too easy or too difficult for you.（）A.look out B.look after C.look through D.look for 10.(2017襄阳)In a soccer game,its important for players to play together and _ the best in each other.（）A.hand out B.leave out C.bring out D.take out 红色是答案