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1、2021 届岳阳市第十四中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Conservation Volunteering in New Zealand Whether you are a student,professional or a retiree(退休者),anyone is welcome to make a difference and contribute to protecting some of the most beaut
2、iful islands in the world.Choose a suitable city and travelout to your conservation(保护)site to work with local people!Duration:1-12 weeks Dates:Throughout the year Arrival day:Friday Return day:Friday Requirement:General level of fitness Age:18+What will I be doing?Volunteer in New Zealand and enjoy
3、 conserving the environment through activities such as:Tree planting Walking trail construction Protect native birds,insects,fish and penguins Seed collection Weed control You,and a group of up to 10 volunteers,will work under the guidance of a conservation team leader.Your team leader will give you
4、 regular safety instructions,inform you of the project aims and assist you with working effectively.No previous experience is necessary to join the project.All you need is a love of the environment and a fairly good level of fitness to help out!1.Who can sign up for this conservation volunteering pr
5、oject?A.A retired maths teacher.B.A primary school student.C.A scientist with heart disease.D.A businessman in a wheelchair.2.What can you do on the volunteer trip?A.Protect cultural sites and go shopping.B.Enjoy local sightseeing and go fishing.C.Protect weeds and build roads.D.Collect seeds and pl
6、ant trees.3.From which is the text probably taken?A.A history book.B.A travel magazine.C.A research paper.D.A novel.B Sleep problems in early childhood may be linked to the development of certain mental health disorders in adolescence,according to a new research.A study of 7,155 children in theUnite
7、d Kingdomfound that waking up frequently during the night and irregular sleep routines as babies and toddlers was linked to psychotic experiences in children aged 12 and 13.Also,children who slept for shorter periods at night were more likely to be associated with borderline personality disorder at
8、ages 11 and 12.The research,published in the journalJAMA Psychiatry,was the first time possible links between early childhood sleep problems and adolescent psychotic experiences and borderline personality disorder(BPD)symptoms have been examined.“We know from previous research that persistent nightm
9、ares in children have been associated with both psychosis and borderline personality disorder,”said lead author Isabel at theInstituteofMental Healthat theUniversityofBirmingham.“But nightmares dont tell the whole story.Weve found that,in fact,a number of behavioral sleep problems in childhood can p
10、oint towards these problems in adolescence,”she said.Adolescence,typically defined as the ages between 10 and 19,is a key period in human development because of brain and hormonal changes,anditis now thought to be when many mental health problems start.Prior research inAustraliafound that babies wit
11、h persistent severe sleep problems in their first year were at greater risk for anxiety and emotional issues in later childhood.Sleep problems in children and adolescents have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems,including depression,anxiety,attention-de
12、ficit hyperactivity disorder,risk-taking and aggression.However,findings have been inconsistent,especially when based on objective measurements of sleep,rather than parental reports.Sleep and mental health are closely connected in adults,with sleep problems increasing the risk for developing particu
13、lar mental illnesses as well as resulting in mental health issues.4.What can we know from paragraph 3?A.Childhood sleep problems probably cause youth mental health problems.B.Severe sleep problems in childhood lead to emotional issues.C.Persistent nightmares in children are closely related to psycho
14、sis.D.The research has not been known to the public.5.What does“it”refer to in paragraph 6?A.Adolescence.B.Key period.C.Human development D.Hormonal change.6.According to the Australian research,older children who had long-term serious sleep issues at one year old are more likely to _.A.grow slowly
15、B.develop attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder C.do badly in lessons D.suffer from anxiety 7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Study About Childhood Sleep Problems Is Under Progress B.Pay Attention to Children Who Lack Sleep C.Childhood Sleep Issues Linked to Adolesce
16、nt Mental Health Problems D.How to Help Children Develop a Good Sleep Habit C In 2015,a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386,000 words in the entireFrench Scrabble Dictionaryin just nine weeks.However,he does not speak French.Richards impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial inte
17、lligence works real AI.Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting.Because AI canoutperformhumans at routine tasks provided the task is in one field wit
18、h a lot of data it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.But not every job will be replaced by AI.In fact,four types of jobs are not at risk at all.First,there are creative jobs.AI needs to be given a goal to optimize.It can
19、not invent,like scientists,novelists and artists can.Second,the complex,strategic jobs executives,diplomats,economists go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data.Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.Are you worried that these three types of jobs wont e
20、mploy as many people as AI will replace?Not to worry,as the fourth type is much larger:jobs where emotions are needed,such as teachers,nannies and doctors.These jobs require compassion,trust and sympathy which AI does not have.And even if AI tried to fake it,nobody would want a robot telling them th
21、ey have cancer,or a robot to babysit their children.So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.This must be the responsibility not just of the government,which can provide funds,but also of corporations and those who benefit most.
22、8.What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic.B.To mention Nigels feat.C.To stress the importance of good memory.D.To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.9.Which of the following best explains“outperform”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Be superior to B.Be equal to C.Be similar to
23、D.Be related to 10.Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?A.The writer.B.The shop assistant.C.The babysitter.D.The psychologist.11.What does the text suggest people do about job replacement of AI?A.Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.B.Get more support from the gov
24、ernment.C.Apply for the donation from companies.D.Upgrade themselves all the time.D Two years ago,I decided to study at theUniversityofSt.Edwardsin the city ofAustin,Texas.When I was on my research to find the perfect place to study in,I considered many aspects:a safe place,a city where there were c
25、ompanies devoted to marketing or technology,a place where speaking Spanish and English was an advantage and a school where I could learn about digital strategies(数字策略).After comparing and evaluating many cities and universities.I finally decided onAustin.Since I arrived inAustin,Texas.I had been liv
26、ing inside the university where I had a private room and shared common areas with more students.University life was not very different from the life inMexicoand classes weresemblableand the way of socializing too.However,in theUnited States,the classes were more practical and teachers encouraged you
27、 to be self-responsible and complete your tasks.The classes that I was taking were related to social media,digital marketing and advertising.I was very excited to be able to study technology-related courses.What I liked most about the experience was being able to live with students from many places,
28、which allowed me to learn from other cultures and to share mine with other students.Also,international student services usually organized events and tours that helped me to get to know the city and the school.I certainly think that studying abroad is a beneficial experience.It makes us capable of un
29、derstanding cultural differences and accepting diversity.Personally,I would suggest that you first determine what your goals are by going abroad,research the opportunities and lifestyle,evaluate your universities,and finally decide on the one where you feel more comfortable,connecting with your valu
30、es and way of seeing life.12.Which of the following can best describe the author according to paragraph 1？A.Casual.B.Cautious.C.Changeable.D.Adventurous.13.What does the underlined word“semblable”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Worthwhile.B.Practical.C.Same.D.Similar.14.What made the author most plea
31、sed?A.Speaking Spanish and English inAustin,Texas.B.Working as a designer in a technology company.C.Having a chance to learn about different cultures.D.Organizing many events and tours independently.15.What are the students who intend to study abroad advised to do?A.Be careful to choose the universi
32、ty to study in.B.Set no limits on theiracademic performances.C.Study where theyre familiar with everything.D.Adjust personal lifestyles for the university.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Many of us live with a roommate at some stageSometimes，there can be problems
33、Who hasnt had an argument about whose turn it is to take out the rubbish or who should be the one to clear up after dinner？_16_ You know that theres always someone else around，which can help you feel saferThere is always someone to talk to，so you never feel lonely Besides these obvious benefits，ther
34、e are some you may not notice _17_ To examine the effect of living alone，Australian university researchers did much research and found that people living alone tended to eat less fresh food，which can have a significant negative effect on long-term healthHowever，those living with others generally ben
35、efited from a more varied diet compared to those living alone _18_The researchers believe the social and cultural roles played by cooking，food preparation and eating may be important considerations For example，those living with friends have someone else to go shopping with，and thus are likely to buy
36、 high-quality fresh food regularly _19_If people living alone find they do not have the knowledge required to prepare a particular dish or cook a certain food，they may fall back on ready-made，less healthy foodHowever，if they live with at least one other person，they may be able to ask for help In add
37、ition，people living alone can eat whatever they want at any time of the day or nightHowever，its helpful to have someone around who questions your decision to eat frozen pizza at 3am_20_ So，if you now live alone and find yourself fighting a losing battle against poor eating habits，why not consider sh
38、aring a home with someone else？You could encourage one another on to greater health and well-being A Cooking skills may be another factor B.In other words，roommates can draw your attention to unhealthy routines C.Living with a roommate could be a good thing because a roommate can share your expenses
39、 and contribute to your homes maintenance D.For example，were actually more likely to eat healthier food when living with others E.What could explain these findings？F.Its hard to find someone who doesnt grate on your nerves，has a similar cleanliness level as you and goes to bed at the same time G.How
40、ever，living with another person also comes with many benefits 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of aMissourifarm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need t
41、hat he first_21_back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior atStateTeachers Collegein Warrensburg.To get an_22_,he was struggling against many difficulties.His family was poor.His Dad couldnt afford the_23_ at college,so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.Study had to be done_24_his
42、 farm-work routines.He withdrew from many school activities_25_he didnt have the time or the_26_.He had only one good suit.He tried_27_the football team.but the coach turned him down for being too_28_.During this period Dale was slowly_29_an inferiority complex(自卑感),which his mother knew could_30_hi
43、m from achieving his real potential.She_31_that Dale join the debating team,believing that_32_in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mothers advice,tried desperately and after several attempts_33_made it.This proved to be a _34_point in his life.Speaki
44、ng before groups did help him gain the_35_he needed.By the time Dale was a senior,he had won every top honor in_36_.Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they._37_,were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to_38_his feelings of inferiority,Dale came to understand that the abi
45、lity to_39_an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence.And,_40_it,Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do-and so could others.21.A.admitted B.filled C.recognized D.supplied 22.A.assignment B.instruction C.advantage D.education 23.A.board B.training C.teaching D.equipment 24.A.during B.
46、between C.over D.through 25.A.while B.once C.though D.because 26.A.permits B.preparation C.clothes D.exploration 27.A.for B.on C.in D.With 28.A.flexible B.light C.Optimistic D.cautious 29.A.gaining B.achieving C.obtaining D.developing 30.A.protect B.prevent C.promote D.predict 31.A.demanded B.sugges
47、ted C.inspected D.insisted 32.A.practice B.presence C.passion D.potential 33.A.hopefully B.immediately C.naturally D.finally 34.A.key B.breaking C.turning D.basic 35.A.progress B.experience C.confidence D.competence 36.A.speech B.football C.horse-riding D.farming 37.A.in return B.in turn C.in brief
48、D.in fact 38.A.overcome B.convey C.approach D.possess 39.A.recommend B.stress C.contribute D.express 40.A.besides B.beyond C.with D.around 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The water is sitting in around 1000 tanks at the former nuclear power station,but the amount is g
49、rowing_41._(day)as rainfall and groundwater_42._(enter)the site continue to be polluted.With an average of 160 tonnes a day being added last year,the International Atomic Energy Agency expects existing capacity will be full by mid-2022.That is_43._the Japanese government is reportedly going to appro
50、ve a strategy_44._discharging the water to the ocean,as_45._(recommend)by scientific advisers.The release would start in around 2022 and continue for decades.The news sparked immediate_46._(complain)from Japanese fishing groups and covering warnings that China_47._(ban)Japanese seafood imports.But a