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1、http:/http:/第三阶段第三阶段 十八、如何给文章润色十八、如何给文章润色写好句子写好句子1.熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。单词和语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础,然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的,耗时费力不说,拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语,很不地道。因此,考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”,并会活用。2.一个句子一个重心,句意清楚,合乎逻辑。3.句子开头首字母要大写,句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。http:/http:/连接词的运用连接词的运用(一一)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transition
2、al words)并列：and,as well as,as well,also.递进：besides,in addition,moreover,whats more.转折：but,yet,however,although,otherwise,in spite of,despite,instead of on the one hardon the other hard,.顺序：while soon after,when,before,afterward,finally,first,then,next,above all,first offal.对比：like,unlike,on the cont
3、rary,on the other hand.总结：in a word,in general,in all,in short,above all,after all,generally speaking,to sum up,altogether.具体：in other words,that is to say,for example,for instance,such as.原因：because,because of,since,for,thank to,due to结果：as a result,so,thus,therefore.http:/http:/(二二)时间时间 一就：the mom
4、ent,on doing,as soon as,immediately,directly不久：it was not long before.,after a while,soon 然后：after that,then,so,next同时：at the same time,meanwhile(三三)条件条件：句型：if,as long as,so long as,on condition that,unless(四四)强调强调句型：It was.that/who.So she did.I do hopeShe did help me.It really worked.单词：besides,fur
5、thermore,moreover,whats more,certainly,actually,in fact(五五)表达转换方式表达转换方式In other words,that is to sayhttp:/http:/(六六)其他其他不得不做某事：have to do sth.,have no choice but to do sth.没必要做某事：There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.有必要做某事：it is necessary(for sb.)to do.最好做某事：had better do sth.,its better to do sth.做某事
6、没困难：have no difficulty in doing sth.,have no trouble in doing sth.感谢某人：thank sb.,be thankful to sb.,express ones thanks to sb.,be grateful to sb.,thanks to.求助于某人：turn to sb.for help/ask sb.for help,with the help of,with ones help惊奇：to ones surprise,in surprise,surprisingly,only+不定式(表意外结果)表达观点：in my
7、opinion,I think,I believe,Im sure,I guess原因如下(很多)：The reasons are as follows;Here are many reasons for it.浪费金钱/时间：Its a waste of money/time.http:/http:/(七七)语言手段语言手段1.主题的呈现手段主题的呈现手段提出主题可用的词语有很多，简单的有about，on，as to等，复杂的有concerning，regarding，with respect to等。典型例题：典型例题：(1)(2011年广东卷)这本书引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论。The
8、 book has received a heated discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American educational ways.(2)(2010年全国卷I)10名学生将发表他们的演讲关于“人与自然”。Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic“Man and the Nature”.http:/http:/2.观点的呈现手段观点的呈现手段可用短语如：according to sb.根据某人的看法；in my opin
9、ion/in my view在我看来，我认为；from ones point of view在某人看来；as far as Im concerned对我而言；as for就而言。句型有：sb.believes/thinks/claims，sb.told us that.，sb.pointed out that.某人指出。典型例题典型例题根据王教授的看法，在我们国家略高于50的学生近视，排列世界第一。(2009年广东卷)According to Professor Wang,slightly more than half of the school children in our country
10、 are short-sighted,ranking the first in the world.http:/http:/3.比例的表达手段比例的表达手段(1)百分比的表达。如：70%of.=seventy percent of.=70 percent of.(注：考生最易漏用of)(2)其他一些比例的表达手段。如：一半：half of.=fifty percent of.四分之一(25%)：a quarter of=25 percent of.四分之三(75%)：three quarters of=75 percent of(3)分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词。如：1/4：one
11、fourth 2/3：two thirds 7/8：seven eighths 五个当中有三个：three out of five，three in fivehttp:/http:/典型例题典型例题(2010年广东卷)目前中国有约3.5亿吸烟人口，男性占75，女性占25。Currently China has about 350 million smokers,among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.4.排位的表达手段排位的表达手段表“排位”要用到的词语有：rank+(the+)序数词，be+the+序数词，be+in th
12、e+序数词+place或 get the+序数词+place等；也可以用“is the+形容词最高级+范围”来表达。http:/http:/典型例题典型例题(2009年广东卷)根据王教授的看法，在我们国家略高于50的学生近视，排列世界第一。According to Professor Wang,slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted,ranking the first in the world.5.建议的表达手段建议的表达手段短语：advise sb.to do sth.劝某
13、人做某事从句：sb.suggests that.sb.gives sb.a suggestion that.It is suggested that.It is highly advisable that.give sb.some advice on.http:/http:/典型例题典型例题(2009年广东卷)他建议中小学生不要过度用眼，多参加户外活动。He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities.或 He gave us a suggestion tha
14、t school children should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities.6.提醒的表达手段提醒的表达手段表示提示或提醒的表达有：sb.reminds/warns us that.某人提醒我们sb.reminds/warns us(not)to do sth.某人提醒我们做/不要做某事http:/http:/典型例题典型例题(2009年广东卷)他特别提醒我们如何握笔也和近视有关。He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also re
15、lated to short-sightedness.7.“与与有关有关”的表达手段的表达手段这种表达方式也有很多。如：be connected with/to be related tobe relative to be relevant tohave something to do with be in/with relation tobe associated with be linked to be bound up withhttp:/http:/典型例题典型例题(2009年广东卷)他特别提醒我们如何握笔也和近视有关。He particularly reminded us that
16、how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.(is related to 可用上面所有的表达方式代替)8.目的的表达手段目的的表达手段表目的的表达手段很多，用做不同的成分有不同的表达。(1)用谓语表达：aim/intend to do sth.目的是，旨在(2)用状语表达：so as to/in order to/in an effort to do sth.为了做某事with the purpose of doing sth.带着的目的，为了http:/http:/in hopes/the hope of怀着的希望with d
17、reams of doing带着的梦想with the goal of doing sth.目的是(3)用不定式作表语表达：The purpose of doing sth.is to do.做某事的目的是Our goal is to do.我们的目标是The aim is to do.目的是(4)用从句表达：so that.以便in order that.为了in the hope that.怀着的希望http:/http:/典型例题典型例题(2010年广东卷)这个决定的目的是为了让所有室内公共场所禁止吸烟，该规定将在2011年1月1日起生效。This decision,which aims
18、 to make all indoor public places smoke-free,will come into effect from the first day of 2011.或This decision,aiming to make all indoor public places smoke-free,will be carried out from January 1st,2011.9.原因的表达手段原因的表达手段介词短语：because of，due to，owing to，thanks to，for the reason that+从句从句：because，as，sinc
19、e，so.that.句式：The reason for/why.is that.的原因是http:/http:/典型例题典型例题(1)(2007年广东卷)就我自己而言，托马斯爱迪生是我的偶爱迪生是我的偶像，因为他的发明大大地改变了我们的生活。像，因为他的发明大大地改变了我们的生活。As for myself,Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.(2)(2009年广东卷)他也提出近视的原因非常复杂，没有药物可以治疗近视。He also pointed out that the
20、causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure it.或 Due to the complication of shortsightedness,no medicine can cure it,Professor Wang told us.http:/http:/10.对比的表达手段对比的表达手段对比的表达手段也是常用的表达手段，常用词或短语有：while，in comparison to，compared with/to，in comparison，in contrast 等。典型例题典型例题
21、(2007年广东卷)调查表明，一半女生把电影电视明星作为偶像，而48%的男生更喜欢体育明星。The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols,while 48%of the boys favour sports stars.http:/http:/11.举例的表达手段举例的表达手段表达手段有：(1)such as,like,such.as.(后接名词、动名词，不能接句子和动词原形)(2)For instance,.;For example,.(前后有标点，后接句子)(3)take sb.or st
22、h.for example,take sb.or sth.as an example(用于举一个例子)典型例题典型例题(2011年江苏卷)举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。Actually there is a lot I can do to share mothers daily burden.For example,I can help my mother with the everyday washing,bedroom cleaning,or at least prepare dinner myself after school.http:/http:/即时练习即时练习.请在下列句子中填
23、上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语请在下列句子中填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语1.Li Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help.2.He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west.3.It was not long the police came.4.he heard the cry for help,he jumped into the water to save the girl.5.Do you agree with my ar
24、rangement?,do write to me soon.6.We can go downtown and do some shopping.,we can pay a visit to some places of interest.7.I shared the cost of the gas with my friends.,I saved$80.suddenly when so thatbeforeThe momentIf soAfter thatIn other wordshttp:/http:/.请根据中文意思，完成下列句子请根据中文意思，完成下列句子1.上周末我校在2600名学
25、生中进行了有关“幸福感”的相关问题调查。_2.为实现目标要采取的措施：努力学习考上理想的大学。_,I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.3.调查表明50%的学生从父母或亲戚的关爱和温暖的家庭中获得幸福。_Last weekend,a survey about“The feeling of happiness”was carried out(或conducted)among 2600 students in our school.In order
26、to reach the goal The survey shows that 50%of the students gain happiness from the love of their parents or relatives and from the warmth of families.http:/http:/4.最近，我们在班会上就“高三学生是否需要吃补品(tonics)来保持健康”展开了讨论。_ _5.据我所知，微博(microblog)提供大量信息，所以我们应该根据个人情况谨慎使用。_ _6.例如中国人在春节期间，把剪纸贴在门窗上，表达快乐，希望得到好运。_,Chinese
27、people always put paper cuts on doors and windows to express our happiness during the Spring Festivals and to hope for good luck.Recently we have had a discussion in a class meeting about whether Senior 3 students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit.As far as I am concerned,microblog provides us
28、 with large quantities of information,so we should be cautious while using it according to our personal situation.For examplehttp:/http:/7.我的看法是我们应保护自然资源，减少环境污染。_8.江苏卫视的非诚勿扰(You are the One)这个相亲节目的收视率在所有节目中排名第一。The ratings of Jiangsu TVs You Are the One _among all the programs.9.我的建议是，学习时尤其是听课时要充分利用
29、眼、脑、口、耳、手等器官共同参与，这样学习才更有效。_when studying,especially in class students should make full use of the brain,eyes,ears,hands,and other organs for joint participation,which will make their study more efficient.In my opinion,we should try to protect natural resources and decrease environment pollution.rank
30、s(the)first It is my suggestion that http:/http:/10.因此，我强烈地建议那些同学不要沉迷于这些网络活动，而把更多的时间花到有意义的活动中去，如锻炼身体。Therefore,I strongly _ _ get addicted to these online activities and spend more spare time on meaningful activities,such as taking exercise.11.Mary提醒我们，不同国家的各种领域的时事新闻不仅丰富我们的知识，同时帮助我们理智地思考我们的人生。_ news
31、 and current affairs on various fields from different countries not only enrich our knowledge but also help us think wisely about our life.advise those classmates not toMary reminds us thathttp:/http:/12.如果将老师的评价(evaluations)与学生的成绩联系起来的话，良好的教育就成了一句空话。If teachers evaluations _ students grades,good ed
32、ucation will just become empty talk.13.部分大学吸引力下降的原因有：部分大学办学质量差、学生上学学费高、毕业生就业难等。_ some colleges have become less attractive _the educational quality of some colleges is poor,the tuition fee is high and its hard for college graduates to get jobs.14.很多中国学生面临许多身体上的问题，诸如肥胖、近视等。Many Chinese students are f
33、acing a number of physical problems,_obesity,and short-sightedness,etc.are connected to The reason whyis thatsuch as(或like)http:/http:/话题句型及短语话题句型及短语下面的话题句型及短语在平时写作中通常都会出现，因此，在平时必须掌握这些句型和短语，并在写作中运用起来。（一）学校生活及学习成绩（一）学校生活及学习成绩实例展示实例展示work hard at 努力学习（工作）a good habit of studying 好的学习习惯put ones heart i
34、nto全神贯注于be interested in对感兴趣be fond of爱好be tired of厌烦http:/http:/be good/poor at在方面做得好/差be weak in不擅长do well in擅长like English best最喜欢英语make progress in在方面取得进展improve oneself in在某方面提高自己fail in在方面失败pass the examination通过考试give sb.a passing grade给某人通过的等级get a doctors degree获得博士学位learn about sth.学习某事 le
35、arn from sb.向某人学习be active in class/work 上课工作要积极http:/http:/enter a key university进入重点大学improve ones pronunciation 改善某人的语音work out a(maths)question算出一道(数学)题解决问题succeed in在方面成功get 90 marks for English composition英语作文得90分get an“A”in the exam考试得Ahave a good command of精通the first/top three winners 前三名ta
36、ke several courses at school上几门课have English/Chinese/physicsevery day每天都有英语语文物理课making the same mistake 犯同样的错误won the first prize/got the first place in the English competition获英语竞赛第一名http:/http:/即时练习即时练习请根据中文意思，完成下列句子1.再努力一下，你肯定能考上重点大学。_ 2.别再粗心了，否则你意识不到会犯同样的错误。_ 3.养成良好的学习习惯对我们来说是非常重要的。_ 4.毫无疑问现在英语是
37、世界上用得最广泛的语言之一。_ _ 5.凭借录音机的帮助，我感到很容易改进我的语音。_ Another effort,and you are sure to enter a key university.Dont be careless again,or you wont be aware of making the same mistake.Its important for us to form a good habit of studying.There is no doubt that English now is one of the worlds most widely used
38、languages.I feel it easy to improve my pronunciation with the help of a tape recorder.http:/http:/（二）（二）师生关系师生关系实例展示实例展示get on well with sb.与某人友好相处like to be with students喜欢和学生待在一起be kind to sb.友好对待某人be strict with sb.对某人严格be strict in work 对工作要求严格be satisfied with 对感到满意think of sb.as把某人当做help sb.wi
39、th sth.帮助某人做某事praise sb.for sth.因某事而赞扬某人blame sb.for sth.为某事责备某人give advice on就提建议take good care of照顾http:/http:/work as 担任give sb.a lot of work给某人安排很多的工作try to teach sb.good study habits设法教某人养成学习的好习惯teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事show ones respect for sb.表达对某人的尊重devote all ones time to work奉献所有时间去工作make
40、ones lessons lively and interesting使课堂生动有趣admire(sb.for)his devotion to the cause of education佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神correct the students homework carefully and prepare for the next day 细心批改学生的作业并备课http:/http:/即时练习即时练习 请根据中文意思，完成下列句子。1.看到这些孩子被重视和照顾好时那么开心，我感觉很棒。I feel very great to see the children so happy w
41、hen they are not ignored and .2.他不仅是我们的老师，而且还是我们的朋友。_ taken good care of He is more than our teacher.He is also our friend.或He is not only our teacher,but also our friend.http:/http:/3.虽然他是位伟大的科学家，但是他仍保持谦虚而且在大学担任普通教师工作。Great scientist as he is,he remains modest and at college.4.就在教师节那天我送给英语老师一束花表示对她
42、的尊敬。_ works as an ordinary teacherIt was on Teachers Day that I sent my English teacher a bunch of flowers to show my respect for her.http:/http:/（三）课余活动及周末生活（三）课余活动及周末生活will be held 将被举行a wonderful trip to一次完美的之旅have the great honor to 很荣幸participate in,take part in,join in 参加go swimming,have a swi
43、m 去游泳go for an outing,a picnic 去郊游野餐enter for 报名参加organize an English-speaking contest 组织一次英语演讲比赛hold an English writing activity called.举行叫做的英语写作活动aim to 目的是；旨在arouse ones interest 激发某人的兴趣develop our ability in 某人的培养的能力increase our knowledge about 增加对的了解http:/http:/improve our spoken English 提高我们的口
44、语three first prizes三个一等奖have a picnic over the weekend周末去野餐hold a sports meeting举行运动会take an active part in 积极参加help sb.do sth.帮某人做某事communicate with 与沟通dont miss the deadline 别错过截止日期get everything ready for做好一切准备ride ones bike with sb.to(the park)骑自行车同某人去(公园)perform all kinds of programs表演了各种各样的节目h
45、ttp:/http:/即时练习即时练习请根据中文意思，完成下列句子1.我觉得这次活动很有意义，我学会了怎样与人沟通，意识到帮助他人的重要性，并感受到我的参与给这次活动带来的乐趣。,for I have leant how to ,realized the importance of helping others and enjoyed the fun brought by my active participation.2.我有一个完美的北京之旅，我去参观了长城和天安门广场。I had .I visited the Great Wall and Tianan-men Square.3.为了增长
46、我们的环保知识，提高英语口语，学生会将要举办一个演讲比赛；演讲的主题是“保护环境，节约能源”。I find the activity meaningfulcommunicate with others a wonderful trip to Beijinghttp:/http:/The Students Union is going to ,the theme of which/is:“Protect our environment and save our energy”to_about the environment and .4.我们很荣幸请来了何教授在本周五下午4:00-5:00给我们
47、讲述关于中西方文化差异的讲座，讲座将会在学校体育馆开展。We have invited Professor He to give us a wonderful lecture _eastern and western cultures this Friday afternoon,which will _ in the school stadium between 4:00 p.m.and 5:00 p.m.organize an English-speaking contest increase our knowledge improve our spoken Englishhave the
48、great honor to about the differences between be held http:/http:/（四）彼此沟通信息（四）彼此沟通信息take a message for sb.给某人留言send a message to sb.发信息给某人receive ones letter=hear from sb.收到某人的来信talk about/of sth.谈论某事tell/ask sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不）要做某事get information about 获取信息write sb.a letter saying 给某人写信说apolog
49、ize to sb.for 为向某人道歉make a speech 发表演讲at the meeting 开会thank you for 为而感谢explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事look upon sb.as 把某人看做think of sb.to be 认为某人是http:/http:/即时练习即时练习 请根据中文意思，完成下列句子1.很感谢你的来信，那使我的生活倍添幸福！_,which add great happiness to my life!2.很高兴1月9日收到你来信。_Thank you for your letters How happy I was to r
50、eceive your letter on January 9th.http:/http:/（五）事件中人的态度（五）事件中人的态度would like to do sth.=feel like doing sth.想要做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事force sb.to do sth.强迫某人去做某事call on sb.to do sth.请/叫某人做某事insist on doing sth.坚持做某事speak highly of sb.赞扬某人speak ill of sb.说某人坏话think highly of sb.看重某人be afraid to