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1、CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O点燃点燃隔绝空气：隔绝空气：CH4 C+2H2高温高温CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl+HCl光照光照CH3Cl+Cl2 CH2Cl2+HCl光照光照CH2Cl2+Cl2 CHCl3+HCl光照光照CHCl3+Cl2 CCl4+HCl光照光照CH3 COONa+NaO H CH4+Na2CO3CaOCnH2n+2+O2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O 点燃点燃C2H4+3O2 2CO2+2H2O点燃点燃CH2=CH2+Br2CH2Br-CH2BrCH2=CH2+H2 CH3-CH3 催化剂催化剂催化剂催化剂CH2=CH2+HCl CH3-CH2-Cl催化剂催化剂CH2=C
2、H2+H2OCH3-CH2-OHnCH2=CH2 CH2CH2 n 一定条件一定条件nCF2=CF2 CF2CF2 n 一定条件一定条件nCH2=CH Cl一定条件一定条件 Cl CH2 CHnCnH2n+O2 nCO2+nH2O 点燃点燃23n CH2CH2 H OH浓硫酸浓硫酸 170CCH2=CH2+H2O CH3CH=CH2+Br2 CH3CHBrCH2BrCH3CH=CH2+HCl CH3CH2CH2Cl或或CH3CHClCH3催化剂催化剂Br BrCH CH+Br2CH=CHCH CH+2Br2CHCHBr BrBr BrCH CH+H2 CH2=CH2 催化剂催化剂 CH CH
3、+2H2 CH3-CH3 催化剂催化剂 CH CH+HCl CH2=CHCl 催化剂催化剂 nCH CH 一定条件一定条件CH=CHnCaC2+2H2OCH CH+Ca(OH)2 CaO+3C CaC2+CO 25003000 C电炉电炉2C6H6+15O2 点燃点燃 12CO2 +6H2O+3H2 催化剂催化剂Fe +Br2 Br+HBr Br2+2NaOHNaBr+NaBrO+H2O+HNO3 浓硫酸浓硫酸 NO2+H2O（苯磺酸）（苯磺酸）+H2SO4 7080 SO3H +H2OKMnO4（H+）RCOOH（苯甲酸）（苯甲酸）+3H2CH3NiCH3+3HNO3 浓硫酸浓硫酸 +3H2
4、OCH3O2NNO2NO2三硝基甲苯（三硝基甲苯（TNT）2CH3CH2O H+2Na 2CH3CH2ONa +H2 C2H5 OH+HO C2H5 C2H5 O C2H5+H2O 浓浓H2SO4 140C C2H5OH+3O2 2CO2+3H2O点燃点燃 CH3COH+CuO CH3CH+Cu+H2OH H O 乙醛乙醛 2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CH+2H2O Cu或或Ag 乙醛乙醛OCH3CH2OH CH3CHO CH3COOH 氧化氧化氧化氧化乙醇乙醇 乙醛乙醛 乙酸乙酸(C6H10O5)n+nH2O nC6H12O6 淀粉淀粉 葡萄糖葡萄糖催化剂催化剂C6H12O6 2C2H
5、5OH+2CO2 催化剂催化剂加热加压加热加压 催化剂催化剂CH2=CH2+H2O CH3CH2OHCH3COO H CH3COO-+H+CH3-C-OH+H-O-C2H5 CH3-C-O-C2H5+H2O 浓浓H2SO O O CH3COH+HOC2H5 CH3COC2H5+H2O浓浓H2SO4=OO浓浓H2SO4 O OCH3COH+HOC2H5 CH3COC2H5+H2OCH3 C OH+H 18O C2H5浓浓H2SO4=OCH3 C 18O C2H5+H2O=OCH3COOH+HOCH3浓浓H2SOCH3COOCH3+H2OHCOOH+CH3CH2OH 浓浓H2SOHCOOCH2CH
6、3+H2OC2H5OH +HONO2浓浓H2SOC2H5ONO2+H2OCH2OH CHOH +3HONO2CH2OH 浓浓H2SOCH2ONO2 CHONO2 +3H2O CH2ONO2 R1COR2O|HOH无机酸无机酸或碱或碱R1CO|OH HOR2 O OHHC-H+H2 HCH2 催化剂催化剂HCHO+O2 CO2+H2O点燃点燃HCHO+2Cu(OH)2 HCOOH+Cu2O+2H2OHCHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH HCOONH4+3NH3+2Ag+H2O一一水水二二银银三三氨氨 O OHCH3C-H+H2 CH3CH2催化剂催化剂CH3CHO+5/2O2 2CO2+2H2O点燃点燃2CH3CHO+O2 2CH3COOH催化剂催化剂CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2 CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2OCH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4+3NH3+2Ag +H2O