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1、2014英语假期短文改英语假期短文改错专题错专题How to correct a How to correct a compositioncomposition短文改错短文改错 1 短文改错测试点短文改错测试点高高考考英英语语短短文文改改错错主主要要考考查查考考生生在在语语篇篇中中综综合合运运用用英英语语语语言言知知识识的的能能力力，它它不不同同于于单单句句改改错错，考考生生应应在在理理解解短短文文的的基基础础上上,根根据据上上下下文文的的逻逻辑辑关关系系,对对文文中中的的错错误误做做出出判判断断，并并进进行行纠纠正正。因因此此，该该题型综合性强，涉及面广。题型综合性强，涉及面广。短文改错所考
2、查的知识点涵盖了短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了中学英语中的所有的语法内容，中学英语中的所有的语法内容，侧重考查侧重考查:动词和非谓语动词，动词和非谓语动词，连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词，等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词，动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固定搭配等。定搭配等。1 1、贴近实际生活、贴近实际生活2 2、话题有关学生学习生活、话题有关学生学习生活3 3、多以书信和日记的形式出现、多以书信和日记的形式出现4 4、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇。、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇。5 5、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和并、句
3、子结构简单，基本是简单句和并不复杂的复合句。不复杂的复合句。常考的短文常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面：一是语法方面，主要测试动一是语法方面，主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词名词,代词的各种形式，形容词和副词代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词冠词.介词；介词；主谓一致；简单句主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，并列句和复合句，以及倒装以及倒装.省略句等。省略句等。二二是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相
4、应的物主代词，句子的并数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列列.递进递进.转折转折.因果关系；时间的因果关系；时间的先后顺序等先后顺序等.得法者，事半功倍得法者，事半功倍 一、动词形一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的主要包括两类错误：动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误，以及错误，以及主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。的错误。2007四川卷：四川卷：Whenhegetshome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,stillwearinghisjacketwiththewalletinthepocket.2007天津卷：天津卷：InGradeEightItookphysics.I
5、nonetestIgetonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.gotgot2006安徽卷：安徽卷：Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.2006安徽卷：安徽卷：Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemoutwishespermitted(2011新课标全国新课标全国)IfeelveryhappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.解析短文发生在过去,整个时
6、态为一般过去时。feel改为felt(2)(2010新课标全国)One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.解析句中and连接两个并列句。根据句子结构可知,come应该是句子的谓语,时态应该与前面的句子保持一致 come改为came(3)(2010辽宁)It was only when we did our chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way
7、she did.解析根据上下文可知,此处应用一般过去时。begin改为began（2012新课标全国一卷）When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train my father said,“Thats it.解析根据上下文可知,此处应用一般过去时Tear 改为tore2012新课标全国大纲一卷）For example,how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television on 解析解析句中句中and连接两个并列句。根据连接两个并列句。根据句子结构可知
8、句子结构可知,leave应该是句子的谓应该是句子的谓语语,时态应该与前面的句子保持一致时态应该与前面的句子保持一致leave改为改为left2013新课标全国1卷）I was only four when she passes away passed(2013新课标全国2卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.This custom soon becomes another mea
9、l of the day.became(2013新课标全国2卷)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.drunk 2013年四川高考题Suddenly Mary,my best friend,asking me to let he copy my answers.asked2013年陕西高考题One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.went1.Aftertheyhadchosethebookstheywishedtoread,theinstructortoldt
10、hemtheprincipalpointshewantedthemtonote.2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.chosenlikes3.Iwillliketoknowwhereyouwereborn.4.Iwouldlikeyoureaditagain.5.Myfathermustnthavesaidsuchathing.wouldtocouldnt/cant6.Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung,suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterrupted.7.Growingupisnoteasy
11、.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.8.ThebikeoutsidemyhouseisbelongedtoTom.wasneeded 考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：面：(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致短文中时态的使用前后不一致.(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态).(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用主动语态和被动语态的混用.解决方案解决方案(1)
12、通读全文，搞清文中动词时通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形结合语境，灵活运用时态形式式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动被动.二、名词数二、名词数 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误。的用法错误。2007陕西卷：陕西卷：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.2008浙浙江江卷卷：Anearbycompanywaslookingfor students with good handwriting to writeaddressesonevenlope.Thepa
13、ywas10centsperenvelope.lessonsevenlopes2006福建卷福建卷：Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoon.2006陕西卷：陕西卷：Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.Imsureyouwillfindoneyoulikeit.2006重庆卷：重庆卷：Insummer,theseaundertheblueskiesisevenmorebeautiful.interestcoursessky1.Thebookwillgiveyoualltheinformationsyouneed.2.Heisongoodtermwi
14、thme.3.Heisagenerousfellow,andwillsoonmakefriendwithyouagain.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamilyfurniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,work（工作），（工作），equipmentadvice等等informationtermsfriendshome4.Hesenthisdaughtertoagirlshighschool.5.Givemethreespoonfulofsugar.6.AuntMaryreturnedhomeaftert
15、enyearsabsence.7.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.girlsspoonfulsyearsidea(2011新课标全国)It felt very strange to travel without luggagesluggages是不可数名词。Luggage(2011辽宁)In early January this year,the rate of UFO reports was steady,around three per weeks此处频率表示单数概念,用可数名词单数,意思是每周。weeks改为week(3)(2010新课
16、标全国).he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas treesball是可数名词,根据句意这里应该用复数形式。balls(4)(2009海南)There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them.friends解析make friends with sb是固定短语,意为“与某人交朋友”(5)(2008海南)More than 1,000 painting will be onshow,and high school students and
17、teachers from all the eight districts will come to the event.paintings(2013新课标全国新课标全国1卷）卷）Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardsgrayoveryears.shoulders（2013浙江卷浙江卷)HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmate,mySchoolandjusteverythingelseIloveintheworld.classmates 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的
18、错误设置一般包括以下几此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：个方面：(1)可名词与不可数名词的混用可名词与不可数名词的混用.(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词用于固定词组中的一些名词的的用法用法.(3)同义词或反义词的混用同义词或反义词的混用.1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系与联系.2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法特殊用法.3.3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词名词.三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 注意注意形容词和副词形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高
19、考短文改错题的常考点。法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。2007浙江卷：浙江卷：Igottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.2006福建卷：福建卷：Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallaround.proudhappily修饰修饰名词，名词，bebe动词，系动词动词，系动词要用要用形容词形容词修饰修饰动词，形容词，整个句子动词，形容词，整个句子用用副词副词比较级比较级和和最高级最高级的使用的使用2008全国卷全国卷：IwilllearnmoreaboutthehistoryoftheOl
20、mpicsasgoodasthe2008Olmpicgames.2006辽宁卷：辽宁卷：Shewasusualpatientwithherstudentsandnevermadethemdisappointed.usuallywell)(2011浙江)When she dropped me off,I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.答案slow改为slowly(2011新课标全国)I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for a long
21、holiday.解析此处副词指代方位错误,应该是“那里”。答案here改为there(2010新课标全国)My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US which was very interested.注意interested与interesting的区别:interested一般表示人的感觉,而interesting表示事物的特征。interested改为interesting)(2010新课标全国)On the box was a card saying:“25 cents each.”.Convin
22、ced,Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece.根据上文“25 cents each”可知,“10 cents”显然是降价了up改为down 1.Unfortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.2.Youshouldberespectabletowardsyourteachers.3.Iamabsolutelyuncapabletotellalie.Unfortunatelyfortunately，luckily，obviously，natrually，interestinglyrespectf
23、ulincapable4.Youmustmakeyourparentshappily.5.HelookeddifferentlyafterhisreturnfromEurope.6.Thenumberofgirlsisveryfew.happydifferentsmall7.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.8.The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.9.Thenewpersononthejobfeelsmorebetterafterheorshe
24、hasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.latelightermuch/even/rather考点剖析考点剖析:(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一文改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用比较级和最高级的混用或误用.(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用以及近义词的误用.解决方案解决方案(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功熟知形容词和副词的句法功能能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词理清短文中形容词和副词比较比较等级的关系等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形结合短
25、文内容，准确使用形容词和副词容词和副词.四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，动名词在分词、过去分词，动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。2007浙江卷：浙江卷：Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2007宁夏卷：宁夏卷：LiMengcameseemeeveryday.to(3)(2010浙江)“Excuse me,”she said,put her arm around the unhappy old womanPutputting)(2010辽宁).and she ne
26、ver seemed care what the rest of us thought about her.解析seem to do sth是固定用法。seemed后加to(2010陕西高考卷)My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.want to do sth是固定用法。wanted后加to（2013新课标全国1卷）Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongshold（2013新课标全国2卷）Have
27、teainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8oclockatnight.Having（2013年全国高考卷大纲卷）Heisntgoodattalkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.talking（2013年四川卷）Afterthinkforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers.thinking（2013浙江高考卷）浙江高考卷）Iamawfullytiring,butIknowIllneverfallasleep.tire
28、d（2013陕西卷)Felt hungry,we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was deliciousFeeling Encouraged by the government,farmers planted more vegetables.2008重庆卷：重庆卷：Andthereweremanymeaningfulthings2008辽宁卷：辽宁卷：Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,rememberthetimewespenttogetherandthepeopletheyweref
29、amiliarwith.rememberingthatwereworththinkofthinking1.Hehasneverbeenheardspeakillofothers.2.Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.3.ItisdifficulttomakeyourselfunderstandinEnglish.tosaidunderstood4.Onhiswayhome,hesuddenlyheardhisnamecalling.5.Butthentherearealwaysmoremysterie
30、slookinto.6.Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.calledtolearning7.Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.8.Hedidntwantsharethingswithotherpeople.9.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.10.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.made
31、totalkingto11.Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.12.I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.13.Theywantedonechildoranothertocomeoutandplayed.keepingbecomeplay考点剖析考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：方面：(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用用.(2)非谓
32、语动词之间的混用非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用的误用.(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握.六六、代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟高考链接高考链接6：IheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.us1.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格和和宾格宾格，物主代词物主代词的使用的使用反身代词反身代词oneselfoneself的使用的使用3 3不定代词不定
33、代词的使用的使用4 4Both,all,either,neither,noneBoth,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用.5.5.Whose Whose 和和whoswhos，itsits和和itsits的区别的区别人称人称单数单数复数复数主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人第一人称称第二人第二人称称第三人第三人称称Imeweusyouyouyouyouhehimsheheritittheythem单数单数复数复数形容形容词性词性物主物主代词代词myyourhisherits ouryourtheir名词名词性物性物主代主代词词mine yours hishers
34、its ours yours theirs五五、代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟（2007全国全国I）Iwasonlyaboutsixwhenheheldhishandouttome.Itookitinmeandwewalked.mineFinally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.their2008全国全国II：Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryandcultureandshowthemtheirgreatachievement.2007陕西：陕西：JustatthattimeIw
35、okeupandfoundmestillinbed!ourmyself（2013新课标全国一卷）He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town,he was strong and powerful.and(2011辽宁)The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler.decided to make his findings known.They wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explain
36、ed quite naturally by aircraft movements.解析此处指代的是Wayne Tyler,是男性单数。They-He(2)(2010新课标全国)One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door came by to help.Without a moment delay,my neighbor picked up the box.解析根据上文提到的Nick可知,这里的邻居应该是指Nick的邻居。答案my改为his（2013浙江高考题）Dad lost his job,and as
37、 Mom explained,“He was lucky to find other one.”another（2013全国课标卷）Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.which（2013四川卷）I let her copy my answers.Butafter the test,all of us were called to the teachers office.（2013陕
38、西卷）We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.1.Knowledgeisthereforwhomeverwillseekit.2.Whomdoyouthinkisthewriterofthisbook?3.Hisbrotherscaseisquitedifferentfromme.whoeverwhomine4.Peoplefindincreasinglydifficulttomaketheirliving.5.Heistallerthananyoneinhisclass.6.IspokeamanwhoIthoughttobemyc
39、ousin.itelseto7.Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.8.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.9.Thosefreshmenfinallylearnedtosolvetheproblemsbythem.themselves考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几几个方面：个方面：1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误的错误.2)“it”一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包
40、括用包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语于从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用不定代词或反身代词的误用.解决方案解决方案(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法的各种用法.(3 3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。用。主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。catchasightoflosemyheartinhurryinS
41、undayafternoonsuchmanypeopleinashortaonso六、习惯用法要记住六、习惯用法要记住（2013陕西卷）Before waiting for about half an hour,I was beginning to get impatient.after1.Dontapproachtoaworkofartinsuchaspirit.2.Theboywasabsorbedbuildingadaminthebrook.3.Iwasimpressedatthezealwithwhichhespokeoftheplan.4.Thegentlemaninsistedat
42、myreceivingthemoney.5.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehillinwithon6.Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.7.When a young man starts to earn his own living,he can no longer expect others to pay his food.8.Iimagineyoullbeatvacationyourselfbythattime.offoron考点剖析考点剖析:(1)在一些固定短语中，介在一些固
43、定短语中，介词的误用词的误用 是很常见的题型是很常见的题型.(2)介词与连词或副词的混介词与连词或副词的混用用.(3)及物动词之后介词的多用及物动词之后介词的多用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用.解析方案解析方案:(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来起来.七、句子成分多分析七、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不
44、同的词类；不同的语境要不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。析，才能找出用词不当的错误。2008年安徽卷年安徽卷:Shelookedatmeandstartedtolaugh.“Howareyoulaughing?”Iasked.2007天津卷：天津卷：Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidnttakemybadgradesasajudgementofmyabilities,butwho/thatWhy2012新课标全国卷But bef
45、ore long they begin to see which was happening.Which-what(2009海南海南)NolecturesthismorningsoIthinkIshoude-mailyouandletyouknowwhatthingsaregoing.解析解析根据语境可知根据语境可知know后的宾语从句应该用后的宾语从句应该用how引导引导,表示表示“情况进展如何情况进展如何”what改为改为how(2009浙江浙江)MyfatherwaspleasedifIshowedhimthemoneyamonthlater.根据句意根据句意“一个月后一个月后,当我给父
46、亲看钱的时候当我给父亲看钱的时候”可知此处应该用可知此处应该用when引导从句。引导从句。)(2008安徽)She looked at it and started to laugh,“How are you laughing?”I asked.“Because Theyre dog biscuits!”she said.解析根据下文“Because they re dog biscuits!”可知,问题是“为什么笑?”How 改为Why1.MyroommatelivesinasmalltownincentralMissouri,aquiettownwhichIwouldliketolivem
47、yself.2.TheUnitedStatesiscomposedoffiftystates,twoofthoseareseparatedfromtheothersbylandorwater.3.Thesephotoswillshowyouhowourvillagelookslike.4.Icannotmakesenseofthathesaidatthemeeting.wherewhichwhatwhat八、逻辑错误须关注八、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。2006四川
48、卷：四川卷：Thatnight，wesatdowntowhattheythoughtwouldbeapleasant,uninterruptedmeals.NMET2005:Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.wetheir（2013陕西高考卷）Iwanttogiveup,andmygrandfathertoldmetowaitalittlelonger.but 2013浙江高考卷浙江高考卷HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyClassmates,myschoolorjusteverythingel
49、seIloveintheworld.and2013新课标全国一卷新课标全国一卷Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown,hewasstrongandpowerful.and2013四川卷四川卷Wewerewarnednottocheatagainsoshewouldneedtoseeourparents.or3.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
50、4.Hewillstaythereoneandtwodays.5.Theremaynotbemuchchoicebetweenthisoneorthat.andorand考点剖析考点剖析:(1)并列连并列连but,and,or,so 等词等词的混用，常常出现在改错题中。的混用，常常出现在改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3)平行结构方面的错误。平行结构方面的错误。常考的错误形式有：常考的错误形式有：连词连词but，and，or和和so的用的用法错误，以及法错误，以及冠词冠词的用法错误等。的用法错误等。2oo7全国全国II：Imeanttowritelongl