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1、英语高考专题复习英语高考专题复习: :短文改错短文改错Error CorrectionError CorrectionCharacteristics of error correction考情分析1.1.选材特点选材特点短文一般短文一般100100词左右。词左右。多为第一人称记叙文，偶尔有议论文或者说明多为第一人称记叙文，偶尔有议论文或者说明文文. .短文改错取材于考生自己的作文或类似考生短文改错取材于考生自己的作文或类似考生的随笔，且话题常见。的随笔，且话题常见。篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，无生僻的词语和怪、偏、难的句子结构。无生僻的词语和
2、怪、偏、难的句子结构。2.2.错误类型错误类型 错误类型有多词错误类型有多词 、少词和、少词和 错词三种错词三种。 Steps of correcting errors（解题步骤）（解题步骤）第一步：第一步：通读全文，了解大意。通读全文，了解大意。 短文改错必须从全篇考虑，要理解文章的短文改错必须从全篇考虑，要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意读过程中，要注意行文逻辑行文逻辑、文章的、文章的时态时态以及以及人称人称等。等。第二步：第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。逐句分析，行中找错。文中共有文中共有1010处错误，处错误，每句中最多有两
3、处每句中最多有两处。解。解题时以句子为基础，在全面理解上下文的题时以句子为基础，在全面理解上下文的同时，又要在每一句中仔细斟酌，判断正同时，又要在每一句中仔细斟酌，判断正误。误。第三步：第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞再读短文，检查漏洞。 做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。楚的地方理顺。改错歌诀 动词动词形，形，名词名词数，数， 还要注意形和副还要注意形和副; ; 代词格，需领悟。代词格，需领悟。 非谓动词非谓
4、动词细辨别，细辨别，冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾; ; 习惯用法及介习惯用法及介词，词，逻辑错误全关注逻辑错误全关注。谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点，常谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点，常见错误类型有：见错误类型有：1. 一般现在时与一般过去时错用。一般现在时与一般过去时错用。2. and 前后动词时态不一致前后动词时态不一致3. 主谓不一致，第三人称单数形式错用主谓不一致，第三人称单数形式错用4. 主动语态和被动语态错用。主动语态和被动语态错用。1. 动词形动词形1. Last summer I take a part-time job in the International Camp fo
5、r children. 2. Everyday he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.3. As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting temples and told stories.tookusedvisited verbs (动词动词)2、名词数、名词数 错误设置主要包括以下两个方面错误设置主要包括以下两个方面 1. 可数名词与不可数名词的混用可数名词与不可数名词的混用。 2.用于用于固定词组固定词组中的一些名词
6、的特殊用法中的一些名词的特殊用法 .常考的不可数名词有：常考的不可数名词有： information, knowledge, fun, advice, furniture, equipment, progress, baggage/ luggage, weather, homework, housework 等等1. When I was a young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 2. Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do
7、 most of the houseworks.3. Im glad to hear that you have made great progresses in English._ _childhouseworkprogress nouns(名词名词) 4. The act of this young man almost moved me to tear. 5. Now Id like to make brief introduction. 6. Its a great fun to play with kids._tearsa3.还要注意形和副：还要注意形和副： 1. 主要考查形容词和副
8、词的误用、形容词及主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的原级或比较级等。副词的原级或比较级等。2. 系动词系动词后后或名词前用形容词或名词前用形容词。3. 修饰行为修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子句子用副词用副词。1. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 2. The bad meat smells terribly. 3. They were also the best and worse years in my life. 4. Instead，he hopes that his busine
9、ss will grow steady.worstwonderfulterriblesteadilyadjectives and adverbials(形容词和副词形容词和副词)4. 代词格，需领悟代词格，需领悟代词的错误特点：代词的错误特点：1. 人称代词人称代词主格和宾格主格和宾格的误用；的误用；2. 代词指代代词指代的误用的误用(指代的人或事物前后不指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误和代词的单复数误用等一致的错误和代词的单复数误用等)；3. 不定代词的误用；不定代词的误用；4. 反身代词的误用；反身代词的误用；5. “it”一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中作包括用于从句中作形式主
10、语或形式宾语形式主语或形式宾语)1. If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 2. Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. 3. You may keep the books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to read it.4. You rather than me are to blame. 5. She isnt inter
11、ested in this story. So am I.ourboththemIpronouns(代词代词)Nor Neither5.非谓动词非谓动词细辨别细辨别现在分词、过去分词，现在分词、过去分词，不定式和不定式和动名词。动名词。改正改正策略策略：1.纵观全句纵观全句, 确定句中动词所作的句子确定句中动词所作的句子成分成分.2.系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能。1. Im looking forward to hear from you soon. 2. The boss made them to work twelve hours a day. 3. We c
12、an choose between staying at home and take a trip.4. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.lookinghearingtakingnon-finite verbs（非谓语动词）（非谓语动词）5. While I was deciding what food to buy in a store, a young man worked there asked me how I was doing.6. S
13、ee their smiling faces, we all felt a sense of happiness.7.Yesterday we went to water the trees planting on the hill behind the school.workingSeeingplanted6.冠词冠词, 连词常光顾：连词常光顾：命题特点及改正方法：命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：向出题：1.不定冠词不定冠词a 和和an 互改互改2.不定冠词不定冠词a 或或an 和定冠词和定冠词the互改；互改；3.根据需要
14、增删冠词。根据需要增删冠词。连词连词but， and， or 和和so 常考用法错。常考用法错。 which ，who 和和that 引导定语从句；引导定语从句；what, that, who, why 等引导名词性从句。等引导名词性从句。1. But in that case，we will learn little about world. 2. At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 3. I teach them, play with them，but watch them
15、 growing up. 4. Clever as she is， but she works very hard.5. At 10:00, we went to cinema.andthearticles and conjunctions (冠词和连词冠词和连词)the7.习惯用法及介词：习惯用法及介词： 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。 介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：定错误：1.一些固定短语中介词的误用一些固定短语
16、中介词的误用2.介词与连词或副词的混用介词与连词或副词的混用3.及物动词之后介词的多用或不物动词之后及物动词之后介词的多用或不物动词之后介词的漏用。介词的漏用。1. Now I am leaving home to college.2. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. 3. They have also bought for some gardening tools.4. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my h
17、ead touched the pillow. offoridiomatic usages and prepositions(习惯用法和介词习惯用法和介词) 5. After 5 years for hard work, they collected 90 stories. 6. My heart was hurt and an angel came to treat me for kindness. 7. You should make the best for this chance to improve your English.ofwithof8.逻辑错误须关注：逻辑错误须关注： 与句
18、子的上、下文不一致，甚至与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。上的张冠李戴。1. Unluckily, he was the only one who finally got the well-paid job.2.There the air is fresh or the mountains are green.3.The air keeping the balloon（气球）（气球） up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.Luckilyanddowncont
19、ext logic（上下文逻辑）（上下文逻辑）Consolidation(巩固巩固) 动词动词形，形，名词名词数，数，还要注意形和副还要注意形和副; ;代词格，需领悟。代词格，需领悟。 非谓动词非谓动词细辨别细辨别 ，冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾; ; 习惯用法及介习惯用法及介词，词， 逻辑错误全关注逻辑错误全关注。Practice 1.Here are the information about Manchester University. 2.Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978.3.I live in
20、 Beijing , where is the capital of China. iswhich4.In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.5.Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution.Compared6. I am deep moved by what she has done for me.7. With help of my teacher, I made great progress in E
21、nglish. 8. He drove too fast, and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket.deeplythehim9. When he was young, he read a lot, and late he became a famous writer of his day.10.But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. latergoing 基础小卷测一测Finish the following exercises about error correction.