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1、MajorTranslationApproachesAREVISIONTheDefinitionofTranslationRomanJackobsonDuboisandNidaThePrincipleofTranslation严复刘重德&TytlerMajorTranslationApproachesuOutlinelliteraltranslationandliberaltranslationlforeignizationanddomesticationltheprocessoftranslationlinformationretrievingliteraltranslationandlib
2、eraltranslationTheNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.译文一：黑人依然生活在物质富裕的汪洋大海中贫乏的孤岛上。译文二：黑人仍生活在贫困的孤岛上，尽管放眼四周，是一片繁华景象。LiteraltranslationandLiberalTranslationnOriginandEarlyTimes:lSeptuagintlRomantimes:TranslationofGreekclassicslCicero:“解说员”与“演说家”式翻译“数硬币”与“称硬币”lTr
3、anslationofBible LiteraltranslationandLiberalTranslationnMiddleAgeswordforwordtranslationandtoretainthelanguagecharactersofLatinnRenaissance:developmentoffreetranslationLiteraltranslationandLiberalTranslationn17-19CenturyFrance:thedisputebetweenliteraltranslationandliberaltranslationLiberalTranslati
4、on:BellesinfidelesLiteraltranslationandLiberalTranslationnModernTimes:Benjamin:wordforwordtranslationistheidealisttranslationapproachCatford:ScaleandCategoryLiteraltranslationandLiberalTranslationARelativeConcept:TwoExtremes:“死译”与“乱译”DomesticationandForeignizationnaswiseasSolomon像所罗门国王一样有智慧智如诸葛亮ncar
5、rycoaltoNewcastle把煤运到纽卡斯尔运槟榔到广东nallroadsleadtoRomenkilltwobirdswithonestoneDomesticationandForeignizationnOriginSchleiermacher:Eitherthetranslatorleavesthewriteraloneasmuchaspossibleandmovesthereadertowardthewriter,orheleavesthereaderaloneasmuchaspossibleandmovesthewritertowardthereaderDomestication
6、andForeignizationnVenuti归化法归化法是“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化”异化法异化法是“接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境”DomesticationandForeignizationn“归化法”在中国的流行林纾林纾（1852-1924）巴黎茶花女遗事黑奴吁天录全篇的古文，开口“余”，闭口“汝”，笑时“艳若朝霞”，哭曰“雪涕”。DomesticationandForeignization语言形式上的归化：适应中国读者的口味语言习惯阅读习惯写作手法的归化：轻细节，重情节伦理价值观的归化：“举皓腕，余即而亲之”
7、“此西俗男女相见之礼也”DomesticationandForeignizationn“异化派”的争论鲁迅鲁迅：要“欧化”不要归化，翻译“必须有异国情调，就是所谓洋气”。尺(foot)趺得里（mile)迷黎橄榄（olive)呵黎夫卡无花果（fig)佛额刘英凯刘英凯：归化翻译的歧路：归化译法“抹杀”了原作的“民族特点”，将异国情调“同化于归宿语言”，“必然是对原文的歪曲”。DomesticationandForeignizationn归化与异化并用互补EG.Hemovedinthedirectionofhisdesire,chantingApachescalp-music.(StephenCra
8、ne,TheBrideComestotheYellowSky)他唱着阿帕切头皮曲，朝他理想的方向走去了。At11:15thismorning,thePrimeMinister,speakingtothenationfromNumberTenDowningStreet,announcedthatGreatBritainisatwarwithGermany.今天上午11点15分,首相在唐宁街10号向全国发表了讲话,宣布英国与德国处于交战状态。今天上午11点15分,首相在唐宁街10号英国首相府邸英国首相府邸向全国发表了讲话,宣布英国与德国处于交战状态。LiteralorLiberal?WHOISTR
9、ANSLATINGWHAT,FORWHOM,WHEN,WHERE,WHYANDINWHATCIRCUMSTANCES?TheProcessofTranslationE.A.Nida分析头脑图像的形成译入语表达TheProcessofTranslationn分析所指意义：用来描述客观世界，不参杂人对客观世界的情感和态度。EG.Take3tabletsaday.PutthediskintodriveA.TheProcessofTranslationn分析关联意义：从大环境滋生出的社会的文化的意义Workwhileyouworkandplaywhileyouplay.Thisistheonlyway
10、tobehappyandgay.同志TheProcessofTranslationn分析结构意义：语言本身结构所蕴含的意义诗歌:RogerMcGoughTheProcessofTranslationCummings:TheProcessofTranslationn分析结构意义句子简洁与否:海明威的冰山理论词性的不同：temporalandfunctionalTemporalityandfunctionalityTheProcessofTranslationn头脑中图像的形成Turnoffthecomputer.Democracywillwin.TheProcessofTranslationn译
11、入语表达靠近原文作者还是译入语读者？Oneofthosesoberandrathermelancholydays,inthelatterpartofautumn,whentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether,andthrowagloomoverthedeclineoftheyear,IpassedseveralhoursinramblingaboutWestminsterAbby.1.Thedaywassoberandmelancholy2.Itisautumn3.Theshadowsofmorningandeveningmingl
12、etogether4.Theshadowsthrowagloomoverthedeclineoftheyear.5.IrambledaboutWestminsterAbby6.IpassedseveralhoursTheProcessofTranslationWestminsterAbbeyTheProcessofTranslationOneofthosesoberandrathermelancholydays,inthelatterpartofautumn,whentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether,andthrowagloom
13、overthedeclineoftheyear,IpassedseveralhoursinramblingaboutWestminsterAbby.在晚秋暗淡而悲哀的一天，当曙光和夜色几乎混而为一，而将这年终酝酿成一片凄凉的时分，我在那威治明士德院里徘徊，消磨了数小时的光阴。TheProcessofTranslationOneofthosesoberandrathermelancholydays,inthelatterpartofautumn,whentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether,andthrowagloomoverthed
14、eclineoftheyear,IpassedseveralhoursinramblingaboutWestminsterAbby.时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去信步走了几个钟头。TheProcessofTranslationOneofthosesoberandrathermelancholydays,inthelatterpartofautumn,whentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether,andthrowagloomoverthedeclineoftheyear,IpassedseveralhoursinramblingaboutWestminsterAbby.一日为萧晨，百卉俱靡，秋人寡欢之时，余在惠斯敏司德寺游憩可数句钟。工欲善其事字典：纸质/电子英国/美国/同义反义/搭配英国：牛津高阶（第六/七版）,OED,柯林斯柯林斯，朗文美国：American Heritage,Webster,Macmillan搭配：牛津学生英语搭配词典联想写作：朗文英语联想活用词典搜索引擎：谷歌引号/通配符语料库的使用http:/live/