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1、高考状语从句高考状语从句v时间状语从句时间状语从句 v时态考点:主将从现时态考点:主将从现v2 省略考点省略考点v前提条件:若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。ve.gWhen(hewas)aboy,healwayswenttoswim.v若从句是主语+be,则直接去掉主语+beve.gWhen(hewas)askedwhyhewaslate,hekeptsilent.v若从句是实义动词,则根据主被动选用doing或doneve.gWhilestaying(hestayed)here,heoftencametoourhome.v注意:省略句的逻辑
2、主语和主句的主语一致v连词也可以省略vbefore和after后省略形式:主动是doing,被动是beingdonev1.When/While in Beijing(在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.2.When/As a young man(当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.重要连词考点重要连词考点v(一)(一)when,while和和as vWhenv1)when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。v如:WhenIl
3、ivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.vWhenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.vPS:当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用以as引出的省略句来代替when引导的从句。v如:Asayoungman(=Whenhewasayoungman),hewasfondofhunting.v2)when的固定句式,其意义是“那时、这时”,相当于andthis/thattime.常用于下列句式:vSbbedoingsomethingwhenvSbbeaboutto/beo
4、nthepointof/begoingtodosth/beononeswaywhenvSbhad(just)donesomethingwhenvTherewasatimewhen曾经有段时候v3)when还表示原因“既然”。v如:Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.vWhilev1)while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的持续的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比,同时while引导的从句常用进行时进行时。v如:Pleasedonottalksoloudwhileothersareworkin
5、g.vWhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.v2)while作为并列连词使用,意为“而,却”,表示对比。v如:Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.v若从句是主语+be,则直接去掉主语+bee.gWhen(hewas)askedwhyhewaslate,hekeptsilent.若从句是实义动词,则根据主被动选用doing或donee.gWhilestaying(hestayed)here,heoftencametoourhome.注意:省略句的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致连词也可以省略b
6、efore和after后省略形式:主动是doing,被动是beingdonev1.When/While in Beijing(在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.2.When/As a young man(当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.3 重要连词考点重要连词考点v(一)(一)when,while和和as vWhenv1)when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。v如:WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtog
7、ototheseashoreonSundays.vWhenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.vPS:当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用以as引出的省略句来代替when引导的从句。v如:Asayoungman(=Whenhewasayoungman),hewasfondofhunting.v2)when的固定句式,其意义是“那时、这时”,相当于andthis/thattime.常用于下列句式:vSbbedoingsomethingwhenvSbbeaboutto/beonthepointof/begoin
8、gtodosth/beononeswaywhenvSbhad(just)donesomethingwhenvTherewasatimewhen曾经有段时候vWhilev1)while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的持续的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比,同时while引导的从句常用进行时进行时。v如:Pleasedonottalksoloudwhileothersareworking.vWhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.v2)while作为并列连词使用,意为“而,却”,表示对比。v如:Helikespopmusic,wh
9、ileIamfondoffolkmusic.v3)while引导条件状语从句“只要”=as/solongasv4)while引导让步状语从句“尽管,虽然但是”=as=thoughv区分区分as,though 和和whilevAs引导让步状语从句要将表语倒装,vthough通常不倒装(口语中可以倒装),vwhile常至于句首,不倒装asv v1)as意为:一边一边,引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生,v如:Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.vJohnsingsasheworks.v2)“随着”区分withvAs+句子,with则是跟复合结构v3
10、)As+n=when+句子vAsaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.(二二)扩展扩展“一一就就”的连接词的连接词v1)assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen,once(一旦)v如:Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.vTheboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.v考点1注意immediately和
11、directly副词形式的连词v2nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen的固定搭配v3nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen的时态考点:vA主句为haddone,从句用did。vB当否定词置于句首时产生部分倒装现象:再结合时态则公式如下:vNosoonerhadsbdonethansbdidvHardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonewhensbdid(注意只倒主不倒从)v如:Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.vHardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorainv2)ondoings
12、th/onones+nv如:Onarriving(Onhisarrival)atthestation,thethiefwasarrested.(三)名词性的连接词表示(三)名词性的连接词表示“每当每当,每次,每次,下次,下次”v。vTheday,theweek,theyear,thelasttime,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,v如:Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.每当我有困难时,他总来帮助我。v注意区分
13、thefirsttime和forthefirsttimevthefirsttime+句子vforthefirsttime时间状语不能跟句子。(四)(四).till,until和和notuntilv1)肯定句:主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词,主句从句都为肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止”。v如:Heremainedthereuntilshearrived.他一直留到她来。vYoumaystayhereuntiltherainstops.你在这里呆到雨停。v2)否定句:主句谓语动词必需是非延续性动词,从句是肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。v如:Hewillnotgotobedtil
14、l(until)shereturns.区分区分till和和untilvAtill不可以放在句首,而until可以放在句首。v如:UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.vBtill不能用于强调句v3)notuntil的强调和倒装:vItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.(强调句型)vNotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.(notuntil置于句首主句要倒装)(五)(五)before和和since vBeforevbefore引导的时状,从句谓语不用否定式v如:Beforetheyreachedt
15、hestation,thetrainhadgone.他们到火车站前,火车已开走了。v2)注意before/after的省略时,主动用doing,被动用beingdone(见时状开篇)v3)意为“还未就”,“不到就”,“才”,“趁,还没来得及”v如:vWehadnotrunamilebeforehefelttired.我们跑了不到一英里他就累了。vPleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁你现在还没忘记把他它记下来。v4)固定句型和短语:vA Itwill(not)be+一段时间+before.,“(没)多久之后才”。v如:Itwillbehalfayearbefo
16、reIcomeback.一年以后我才回家。vB Itwas(not)before过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了v例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.vCbeforelong:不久以后=soonvLongbefore:很久以前=longlongagov(记忆口诀:long在后,不久以后,long在前,很久以前)SincevSince有两个含义有两个含义v1 自从自从以来以来(现在完成时态的标志,初中考点)v1)主句(have/hasdone)since+时间点v句子(did型)v如:IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.自从我到
17、这里来,我住家写了四封信。v固定句型vItis+时段+since+从句(谓语为瞬间-则按字面翻译)v(谓语为延续-则表示未做此事多久)v如:Itistwoyearssincewearrivedhere.我们到这儿两年了vItistwoyearssincehelivedhere.他不在这儿住两年了v注意区分以下几个句型:vA Itwill(not)/was(not)+时段+before.,“(没)多久之后才”,过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了vB Itis+时段+since+从句(谓语为瞬间-则按字面翻译)v(谓语为延续-则表示未做此事多久)vC Itis/was+被强调+that(强调句)v(以
18、上常考since,before和that的选择。)vDIt/thisis+次数+that+句子(have/has done)(该句型考时态)v was(had done)v2 既然:原因状语从句既然:原因状语从句v二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句v1)引导词:where,whereverv如:Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.vIwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.v2)区分由where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别:vWhere引导定从时有个表地点的先行词v而状语从句则无先行词。vYouhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavean
19、yquestions.(状语从句)vYouhadbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)v先行词v3)可以省略:ve.gFillintheblankswitharticles(whereitis)necessary.三三 方式状语从句方式状语从句v1)引导词:as(像一样,正如.),asif/asthough(好像)ve.gHespokesasifhehadbeenherebefore.v2)固定句型AistoBwhatCistoD:A对B而言正如C对D而言一样。ve.gAiristouswhatwateristofish
20、.v2)asif/asthough的考点:vA asif/asthough的虚拟+过去式/were(针对现在,与谓语同时)v+haddone(针对过去,先于谓语)v+woulddo(针对将来,后于谓语)ve.gLookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhehadbeenawayforages.vB asif/asthough的省略v如果asif/though引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样asif后就可剩下不定式、名词、形容词(短语)、不定式、名词、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词介词短语或分词ve.gTomraisedhishandasif(h
21、ewasgoing)tosaysomething.Heactedasif(hewas)afool.v3)asitis/was:句首:事实上,实际情况是v句末:按原来的样子,照现在的样子v注意,如前面的名词是复数,则应用astheyare/wereve.gLeaveitasitis.别动它v4)asitwere:(插入语):好像,仿佛,可以说是ve.gHeis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.他可以说是本活字典。四四 比较状语从句比较状语从句v从属连词:asas(和一样),notas/soas(和不一样),than,themorethemore(越越),not so mu
22、ch.as:与其说是与其说是不如说是不如说是ve.gItwasntsomuchtheclothesasthemanhimselfwhoimpressedimmediately立即给人以深刻印象的与其说是衣服,还不如说是这个人本身。五五 原因状语从句原因状语从句v1)连词有:because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat每个连词的含义不完全相同。v如:Whyareyouabsentfromthemeeting?BecauseIamill.vAsitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.vNowthat
23、/Sinceeverybodyishere,Letsbeginourmeeting.vbecause引导的原因状语从句放在否定的主句后面,且because前无逗号,句子会形成否定转移ve.gImnotmarryinghimbecauseheisrich.我不是因为他富有才嫁给他的。v区分:because和becauseofvBecause+句子vBecauseof+n/pron/doing/what引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句vnotthatbutthat不是因为而是因为vnotbecausebutbecause不是因为而是因为vPartlybecause(partlybecause)部分
24、是因为(部分是因为)vsince:既然(语气次于because引导的),常置于句首。ve.gSinceImustdie,Imustdoit.v,for也可表原因,不是直接说明原因而是对某种情况加以推断,用于表示补充说明。v如:Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.vseeing(that),considering(that),inthat鉴于vinthat多放在主句之后。ve.gConsidering/Seeingthatheissoyoung,thatisexcusable.v鉴于他如此年轻,这是可以原谅的v2)其它表示原因的方式:一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的
25、短语有:becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto等。v注意dueto既可以做表语也能做状语;owingto只能做状语。v省略:原状可省略为分词形式v如:Asthelittleboywasblind,hecouldntseeanything.vBeingblind,thelittleboycouldntseeanything.六六 目的状语从句目的状语从句v连词:so,sothat,inorderthat,totheendthat(以便,为起见),forfearthat,incase,lest“以避免”等,从句中常含有情态动词can,could,may,mightv in
26、 order that与与so that vinorderthat比sothat正式,引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后,而sothat引导的从句只能放在主句之后。v如:Illspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.vInorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.vfor fear that/in case/lest+sb(should)+do(虚拟语气)v+sb does sthv如:Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathe
27、rshouldseehim.七七.结果状语从句结果状语从句v1)连词:sothat,sothat,suchthat.在非正式文体中that可以省略v2)搭配:vSo的搭配的搭配vso+形容词/副词+that从句vso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句vso+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句vso分词that从句。(高中新知识点)v如:Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.v这本书的写法使人对事实产生误解。vSuch的搭配的搭配vsuch+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+th
28、at从句vsuch+形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句vsuch+alotof/lotsof+名词+that从句v如Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.vbesuchthat表示程度之高v如:Hiscourageissuchthathedoesntknowthemeaningforfear.他非常勇敢以至于不知道什么是恐惧。v2)当so或such放在句首时,主句用部分倒装语序,v如:Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabl
29、etoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.v3)区分sothat与soas;suchthat与suchasvSo/suchas(定从),as在从句中做主表宾vSo/suchthat(结状)that不做成分v做题技巧:重点分析从句,缺主表宾选as,不缺thatv4)除结果状语从句以外,tooto(太而不能),enoughto(达到某种程度可以),soasto(那么以致于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果,v如:Hedidntgetupearlyenoughtocatchthebus.=Hegotuptoolatetocatchthebus.=Hegotupsolateast
30、omissthebus.八八 让步状语从句让步状语从句v时态:主将从现时态:主将从现v连词:though、although、vThough:adv放在句末,意为“不过,但是”although无此用法v如:Hesaidhewouldhelpme;hedidnt,though.他说他会帮助我,但是他并没有。vevenif/eventhough尽管,即使vwhile:虽然whereas鉴于(强调对比)vwhether()ornot,whetheror不管ve.gWhetherornottheyagreedwithhisopinion,manyofthemthoughtdeeply.v不管他们是否同意
31、他的观点,他们还是很多人都在沉思。v疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词v注意:疑问词+ever还可用于名词性从句,而nomatter+wh-则不行。v2)as/though的倒装,将表语或状语置于句首vadj/分词vadvvdoas/though+主+谓vn(无冠词)v注意若表语是可数名词单数,倒装时要去掉冠词vChildasheis=thoughheisa childvwhile引导的让步状语从句不能倒装,而as必须倒装,though可倒可不倒。(高考常考as的倒装)v4)其他表示“尽管”的短语:forall(that),inspiteof,despite,regardlessof,
32、notwithstanding,九九 条件状语从句条件状语从句v时态:主将从现时态:主将从现v1)连词:if,unless,ifonly要是,若是onlyif只有才so/aslongas,incase,suppose/supposing(that)假设,provided/providing(that)只要,倘若,onconditionthat在条件下,assuming(that)假设,granted/granting(that)假定,就算given(that)假定v2)Ifonly的虚拟vifonly+主语+过去式(与现在相反):要是。该有多好啊v+haddone(与过去相反)ve.g-Cou
33、ldIuseyourpen?-Imsorry,itisnthere.IdgetitforyouifonlyIcouldrememberwholastborrowit.v3)祈使句/n+and/or+句子(一将)v4)if的固定省略短语:ifnecessary(如果有必要),ifany(如果有),ifinneed(如果需要)v5)If 的虚拟的虚拟v从句主句v与现在相反if+主+did/were主+should/could/would/might+dov与将来相反if+主+did/weretodo主+should/could/would/might+dov/shoulddov与过去相反if+主+
34、haddone主+should/could/would/might+havedonevIf虚拟的省略虚拟的省略v在非真实条件句中且从句含有were,had,should时可省略if,却要将were,had,should提于句首vE.gIfitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.v-Shoulditraintomorrow,v错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句ve.g.IfIhadntfinishmycompositionbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.v针对过去针对将来vPS:针对错综时间条件句要特别注意时间状语
35、来判断其针对什么时间状语从句的省略状语从句的省略v一一 下列状语从句可省略下列状语从句可省略 v1.when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句;2.if,unless引导的条件状语从句;v3.though,although,evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句;4.asthough,asif,as引导的方式状语从句;v5.wherever引导的地点状语从句v注意前提条件:注意前提条件:若从句的主句是it或与主句的主句主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。ve.gWhen(hewas)aboy,healwayswenttoswim.
36、v若从句是主语+be,则直接去掉主语+beve.gWhen(hewas)askedwhyhewaslate,hekeptsilent.v若从句是实义动词,则根据主被动选用doing或doneve.gWhilestaying(hestayed)here,heoftencametoourhome.v注意:注意:省略句的逻辑主语和主句的主语必省略句的逻辑主语和主句的主语必须一致须一致v 连词也可以省略即为分词作状语连词也可以省略即为分词作状语v before 和和after后接动词的后接动词的ing形式则形式则主动是主动是doing,被动是,被动是being donev1.When/While in
37、 Beijing(在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.v2.When/As a young man(当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.v3.Hehasnomoney.If any(要是有的话),hewillgiveus.4.Unless repaired(除非修理),themachineisofnouse.5.If given more attention to(要是给更多的关注),Theboycouldhaveturnedoutbetter.6.Agirlstoodatthega
38、teoftheschoolasiftalking with a teacher(跟老师讲话).v注意:有些由if构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如ifany,ifnecessary,ifpossible,ifnot,ifsove.gIfnecessary,ringmeathome.如果必要,可以打电话到我家找我As if/though引导的方式状语从句中引导的方式状语从句中应用应用v如果asif/though引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样asif后就可剩下不定式、名词、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词v1.Tomraisedhishandasif(hewasgoing)t
39、osaysomething.2.Heactedasif(hewas)afool.v3.Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.v4.Hestaredatthegirlasif(hewas)seeingherforthefirsttime.5.Theplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(hewas)hurtbadly.6.Heopenedthedrawerasif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.三三 原因状语从句的省略:原状可省略原因状语从句的省略:原状可省略为分词形式为分词形式v如:Ast
40、helittleboywasblind,hecouldntseeanything.vBeingblind,thelittleboycouldntseeanything.v真题训练真题训练v1Shemadeanoteofit_shemightforget.A.unlessB.sothatC.incaseD.if2Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.A.ifB.whereC.whenD.which3_youstayathome,whynotdosomeshopping?A.BecauseB.SinceC.IfD.Ev
41、enifv4._Iknow,thisbookwillbeusedasatextbook.A.SofarasB.AslongasC.OnceD.Before5.Illleavehimanote_hellknowwhereweare.A.incaseB.inorderC.afterD.sothat6._youfindeitherhisaddressorhistelephonenumber,youcantgetintouchwithhim.A.AlthoughB.EventhoughC.UnlessD.Ifv7.TheChineseboyspeaksEnglishquitefluently_hewe
42、reEnglish.A.thatB.asC.likeD.asif8.Hardlyhadhereachedtheschoolgate_thebellrang.A.whileB.whenC.asD.assoonas9.Youcangoout,_youpromisetobebackbeforeten.A.inorderthatB.evenifC.aslongasD.wheneverv10.Youarealwayswelcome_youcallonme.A.wheneverB.assoonasC.onceD.aslongas11.Allmatter,_itissolid,liquidorgas,ism
43、adeupofatoms.A.whateverB.whereverC.nomatterwhatD.whether12._youbegin,Ithinkyoumustcontinue.A.WhenB.WheneverC.OnceD.Evenifv13.Irecognizedyou_Isawyouattheairport.A.themomentB.whileC.afterD.once14._yousay,Iwontagreewithyou.A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatC.NomatterwhichD.Nomatterwhen15.Hewasabouttogotobed_t
44、hedoorbellrang.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.whenv1.C.incase引导条件状语从句。意思是“以防万一”。2.B.where引导地点状语从句。makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions意思是“在有问题的地方作一个标记”。3.B.since引导原因状语从句,语气较弱。常译为“既然”。4.A.as/sofarasIknow据我所知。5.D.sothat以便;为了。引导目的状语从句。6.C.unless引导条件状语从句,意思是“除非,否则”。7.D.asif/though引导状语从句,意思是“似乎;好像”。v8.B.hardly.when.是一固定搭配,意思是“一就”。9.C.as/solongas引导条件状语从句,意思是“只要”。10.A.whenever不论何时,引导让步状语从句。11.D.whether引导状语从句。whether.or.不论还是。12.C.once引导时间状语从句,但含有条件意味。常译为“一旦就”。13.A。themoment在此是名词短语用作连词。意思是“一就”,相当于assoonas。14.B。nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句,what可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。在此句中what作动词say的宾语。15.D。beabouttodosth.when是一固定搭配,意思是“正要做某事