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1、Grammar情态动词情态动词v非推测性情态动词非推测性情态动词shall,will,must,mustnt,should,would的用法的用法v情态动词情态动词could,should/ought to,may/might,neednt+have done 表示表示假设的用法假设的用法v情态动词情态动词must,can/could,may/might,should/ought to表猜测的用法表猜测的用法v情态动词的一些惯用法情态动词的一些惯用法表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对
2、将来对将来对现在对现在对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may,mightcant,couldntcan,could+V.+V.+havedone常见常见mustbe+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不”+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoingMust+have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term.到上学期为止我们一定学了有两
3、千个单词到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。2.He must have gone to Beijing.他一定已经去北京了。他一定已经去北京了。can/could+have done表示对过去表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。定句和疑问句中。1.Can they have won the basketball match?他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？2.It couldnt have been Mr.Green.He has gone to New York.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。那不可能是格林先生的
4、，他已经去北京了。lcould(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。You could have told me earlier.你本该早点告诉我的。你本该早点告诉我的。should/ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。1.You should have told him a week ago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。lmight（不用may）+have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示
5、“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.You might not have told her.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2.You might have come earlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）lneednt+have done表示做了本表示做了本来不必去做的事。来不必去做的事。1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）（昨天她去了）2.You neednt
6、have bought it.你本可不必买它的。你本可不必买它的。（你买了）（你买了）巩巩 固固 练练 习习 1.Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I _ so much fried chicken just now.A.shouldnt eat B.shouldnt have eaten C.mustnt eat D.mustnt have eaten2.-Why hasnt Jane arrived yet?-She _ again in the morning?A.shouldnt have overslept B.may have turned
7、 off the alarm clockC.must have no one t o call herD.should have someone to wake her up3.-Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?-No.We _,but we decided not to.A.should have gone B.could go C.should go D.could have goneBBA4.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.A.need
8、nt dress B.B.didnt have to dress upC.Might not have dressed up D.neednt have dressed up5.Im rather surprised you havent reported him to your teacher.In my opinion,you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.A.must have done B.might have done B.C.should have done D.could have done DC1.作为情态动词用
9、，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare(need)+S+VS+darent(neednt)+VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he go yesterday?可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare 2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,we dont n
10、eed to worry about him.3.Sth(sb)need(want,request)+doing/to be done The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.句型句型 时态时态 动词动词 情态动词情态动词dare 实义动词实义动词 dare 肯定句肯定句 现在时现在时 dare do dare/dares to do 过去时过去时 dare do dared to do 否定句否定句 现在时现在时 darent/dare not do do/doe
11、s not dare(to)do 过去时过去时 dared not do did not dare(to)do疑问句疑问句 现在时现在时Dare he do?Do you/Does he dare(to)do?过去时过去时 Dared he do?Did he dare(to)do?2.I wonder how he_that to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared sayD4.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.A n
12、eednt dress B.didnt have to dress upC.Might not have dressed up D.neednt have dressed upD1.判断正误判断正误:Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?HedarenttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?HedarentspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidof
13、catchingthedisease.Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.hadbetter(最好最好),should(应该应该)与与oughtto（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，（应该）均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词，其后接动词原形。其后接动词原形。should比比hadbetter语气强，语气强，oughtto语气最强。一般情况下语气最强。一般情况下should与与oughtto可通用。可通用。例例1：你最好立即去
14、那里。：你最好立即去那里。Youhadbettergothereatonce.例例2：你应该努力工作。：你应该努力工作。Yououghtto/shouldworkhard.（一）否定句（一）否定句hadbetter,should,oughtto用于否定句时，用于否定句时，否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：否定词均位于其后，具体形式为：hadbetternotdo,shouldnt/shouldnotdo,oughtnttodo。例例1此时你最好别出发。：此时你最好别出发。：Youhadbetternotstartatthistime.例例2：她不应该浪费时间。她不应该浪费时间。Sheoughtnt
15、towastetime.（二）一般疑问句（二）一般疑问句hadbetter,should,oughtto用于一般疑用于一般疑问句时，分别将问句时，分别将had,should,ought提至提至句首。句首。例例1：他最好立即出发吗？他最好立即出发吗？Hadhebetterstartearlyatonce?例例2：你应该这么做吗？：你应该这么做吗？Shouldyoudolikethis?例例3：他应该去那里吗？他应该去那里吗？Oughthetogothere?（三）反意疑问句（三）反意疑问句陈述句谓语动词含陈述句谓语动词含hadbetter,should,oughtto时，反意疑问句时，反意疑问句
16、为：为：had,should与与ought+主格人称代词或主格人称代词或hadnt,shouldnt,oughtnt+主格人称代词。主格人称代词。例例1：你最好别回家，是吗？：你最好别回家，是吗？Youhadbetternotgohome,hadyou?例例2：你应该认真学习，是吗？你应该认真学习，是吗？Youshouldstudyhard,shouldntyou?例例3：你上课不应该讲话，是吗你上课不应该讲话，是吗？Heoughtnttospeakinclass,oughthe?v1The flower is dead.I _ it yesterday.vAshould water Bmus
17、t water Cshould have watered Dmustnt have wateredv2What time ought I _?vAarrived Barriving vCarrive Dto arrivev3He _ speak to his mother like that.vAought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to notv4I dont think wed better _ it any more.vAdiscuss Bdiscussing Cto discuss Ddiscussedv5You ought to _ him,but you didnt.vAhelp Bhelped Chelping Dhave helpedCDAADThanksalot!