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1、Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI第二代移动通信系统向第三代移动通信系统第二代移动通信系统向第三代移动通信系统第二代移动通信系统向第三代移动通信系统第二代移动通信系统向第三代移动通信系统演进演进徐国鑫徐国鑫北京邮电大学无线通信新技术研究室北京邮电大学无线通信新技术研究室X1Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI1 1。移动通信的发展移动通信的发展移动通信的发展移动通信的发展2 2。无线网络的演进。无线网络的演进。无线网络的演进。无线网络的演进3 3。核心网的演进。核心网的演进。核心网的演进。核心网的演进4 4。业务
2、的演进。业务的演进。业务的演进。业务的演进2Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI移动通信各代典型系统特点移动通信各代典型系统特点典型代表典型代表技术技术特性特性第一代第一代AMPS小区制蜂窝系统小区制蜂窝系统模拟话音模拟话音第二代第二代GSM数字蜂窝数字蜂窝（TDMA）数字话音，数据速率数字话音，数据速率9.6Kb/S第二代半第二代半GPRS通用分组数字蜂窝通用分组数字蜂窝数据速率数据速率115Kb/s,数据数据在线连接在线连接第三代第三代W-CDMA宽带码分多址，实宽带码分多址，实现宽带多媒体业务现宽带多媒体业务数据速率最高达数据速率最高达2Mb/s，
3、数据在线连接宽带数，数据在线连接宽带数据业务据业务后三代后三代3Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIInformationServicesSMSChatRoomE-Mailm-stock tradingm-bankingm-cashPicture MailRoute planningMulti-playerGamesMobile OfficeSchedule ManagementWork flow ManagementElectronic ConferenceFile SharingRadioMusicVideo MailVideo streamingW
4、ebInteractive TVTV Conference低低低低速速速速数数数数据据据据高高高高速速速速数数数数据据据据WAPWAPGPRSGPRS3G3G99 Q199 Q400 Q401 Q4移动数据业务发展方向移动数据业务发展方向4Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI频率因素比较频率因素比较频率适用性频率适用性5Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI中国频率资源分配中国频率资源分配:TD-SCDMAW-CDMA空中接口空中接口TDDFDD模式模式20+15 MHz60+60 MHz频段频段1.6 MHz 5
5、MHz射频带宽射频带宽可用性可用性现在现在1900 192019802010 202560 MHz60 MHz20 MHz 15 MHzFDD(上行上行)FDD(下行下行)TDDTDD 卫星卫星空空30MHz 21102170空空188585 MHz15 MHz 双工间隔双工间隔 190 MHz现在 1.6 MHz15+85 MHzTDD?TD-SCDMA6Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIPowerFrequencyTimeFDMAFrequencyPowerTimeFDMA/TDMAFrequencyCDMAPowerTime多址方式多址方式多址方
6、式多址方式7Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI第二代 系统空中接口-GSM微蜂窝小区结构 工作频段：800/1900或900M/1800M数字化技术-语音信号数字化新的调制方式-GMSK、QPSK等FDMA/TDMA频谱利用率高，系统容量大便于实现通信安全保密信道宽度：200khz每个载波的用户数 8个8Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI 用户的接入方式采用码分多址（CDMA）软容量、软切换，系统容量大抗多径衰落可运用话音激活、分集接收等先进技术 频率800/1900 信号带宽 1.25MHz 每个信道的用户数
7、 约为20个 频道划分方式：FDMA+CDMA第二代系统空中接口-CDMA9Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI第三代数字蜂窝移动通信系统第三代数字蜂窝移动通信系统第三代数字蜂窝移动通信系统第三代数字蜂窝移动通信系统3G的主要特点的主要特点：v 支持移动多媒体业务支持移动多媒体业务v 宽带宽带CDMA技术技术v 高频谱效率高频谱效率v FDMA/TDMA/CDMAv 从电路交换到分组交换从电路交换到分组交换v 从媒体从媒体(media)到到 多媒体多媒体(Multi-media)v 高保密性高保密性v 全球范围无缝漫游系统全球范围无缝漫游系统v 微蜂窝结
8、构微蜂窝结构 主流技术主流技术：v WCDMAv cdma2000v TD-SCDMA 10Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI移动网的主要元素移动网的主要元素移动网的主要元素移动网的主要元素 移移移移动动动动网网网网移动用户移动用户移动用户移动用户无无无无线线网网网网络络核心网核心网核心网核心网11Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI网络需求网络需求 保证业务的传输保证业务的传输 对于高速业务对于高速业务 对于大量用户对于大量用户 对对低速用户低速用户n n可靠性可靠性n n灵活性灵活性n n高吞吐率高吞吐率n
9、n高效传输高效传输n n低成本网络低成本网络12Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI业务需求业务需求 2G 2G 到到 3 3G G平滑过渡平滑过渡 明显的明显的3 3G G网络收益网络收益在在3 3G G引入中的地域补充引入中的地域补充提供提供2 2G G的的主要业务主要业务高速多媒体传输高速多媒体传输13Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTINetwork Architecture for Both 2G and 3G Servicesn3G在2G网络上重叠n在两个网上共享用户信息3GRAN2G RAN2G Co
10、re Network 3G Core Network(3GPP R99)HLR(User Profile)移动用户14Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI双网服务双网服务在引入阶段，在已存在的2G网络上做3G业务补充用户必须激活起所期望得到服务的网络。HLR 管理激活状态PDCIMTPDC ServiceActivation Call terminatingIMT ACTIVEPDC ACTIVEIMT ServiceActivationHLR(2)Incoming Call(3)Interrogation of ACTIVATION STATE(4)C
11、all termination to PDC(Case:B)(4)Call termination to IMT(Case:A)Case:B Activation State GSM ACTIVEIMT INACTIVECase:AActivation State IMT ACTIVEGSM INACTIVE(1)PDC Service Activation(1)IMT Service Activation PDCIMT-2000MSISDN:090-1234-5678CASE ACASE BFor migration from 2G to 3G15Wireless Technology In
12、novation LabsWTI市场趋势市场趋势语音和数据的集成语音和数据的集成需要大量带宽的媒体需要大量带宽的媒体基于基于Internet的业务的业务新的增值应用新的增值应用用户归属的竞争用户归属的竞争在智能终端上的易用廉在智能终端上的易用廉价服务价服务 移动应用移动应用社会发展趋势社会发展趋势通信全球化通信全球化逐渐增长的逐渐增长的Internet 和和email应用应用远程办公远程办公开发的标准和户操作性开发的标准和户操作性更好的频谱利用率更好的频谱利用率更大的系统容量更大的系统容量更小、更轻，更便宜更小、更轻，更便宜技术趋势技术趋势市场驱动力Wireless Technology In
13、novation LabsWTIEmerging Challenges for the OperatorMaintaining profit marginsExisting wireless operators have to look beyond traditional voice services in order to maintain and grow marginsMore 2GMore 2GspectrumspectrumFallingFallingbarriers&barriers&market deregmarket deregInternationalInternation
14、alCompetitionCompetitionAggressive Aggressive competitioncompetitionInnovative Innovative service service offeringsofferingsMaintainingMaintainingprofit marginsprofit marginsVoice:Voice:A commodityA commodityserviceserviceMore 2GMore 2GPlayersPlayersUpcomingUpcoming3G3GspectrumspectrumNew 3GNew 3Gpl
15、ayersplayersImprovingImprovingCellularCellularTechnologyTechnologyIncreasingIncreasingcapacitycapacitysLoss of voice premiumsNew sources of revenue essential to build a business case for the development of new technologyWireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIMarket Progression Toward WirelessTraditio
16、nal DataFrame relayATMTCP/IPEthernet(wired)Traditional PSTNPOTSISDNxDSLTraditional Wireless VoiceTDMACDMAGSMIS-41/GSM-MAPWireless3G Cellular/PCS evolvingto UMTSFixed wireless(LMDS/MMDS)Wireless LAN(802.11)18Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIWireless ApplicationsVertical BusinessMobile OfficePers
17、onal FinanceEntertainmentInformation&TravelShoppingFriends&FamilyRoute Planning19Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTICommunicationsEntertainmentE-CommerceInformationTransactionTravelAsymmetric&SymmetricTransmissionMulti-MediaApplicationsGlobalRoaming3G 3G2G 3GEnhancedVoiceHigh SpectralEfficiencyMu
18、lti-EnvironmentOperationVehicular,Outdoor to Indoor,Indoor Office,SatelliteThird Generation(ITU)Requirements High SpeedPacket&Circuit Data144 kbps vehicular384 kbps pedestrian2 Mbps indoorWireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIWireless Technologies Map21Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIOperation
19、al 3G Network22Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIAir Interface Evolution to 3GTDMA(IS-136)CDMA(IS95)TDMAIS-136+UMTS/W-CDMAGSM+/IS136 HSEDGE/GPRS(Rate 3&4)cdma2000(5MHz)IMT-2000 Capable SystemsExistingSpectrumNewSpectrumGSM+w/GPRS(Rate 1&2)GSMCDMA(ANSI-95-B)cdma2000(1.25MHz)23Wireless Technology
20、Innovation LabsWTIAir Interface Evolution(Based on GSM Infrastructure)24Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI2G vs.3G Wireless Migration25Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI3G Trialscdma2000cdma2000SprintSprintBell AtlanticBell AtlanticIDO/DDIIDO/DDITDMATDMAUWC-136HS/EDGEUWC-136HS/EDGEAT&T Wirel
21、essAT&T WirelessUMTSUMTSNTT DoCoMoNTT DoCoMoVodafone-Vodafone-Air TouchAir TouchOmnitelOmnitel26Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIWireless Applications EnvironmentAnyPath UnifiedMessagingPersonalPortalPagesLocation DatabaseWAP GatewayIP/ATM Core NetworkSDH/OpticalMobile AccessEmailServerVoice&Fa
22、x Mail serverPre-paid BillingE-commerceVoice BrowserInternet MessageManagementSMS-CCBCServiceApplicationsNetworkManagementUSSD ServerMicro browserSMSCBUSSDCSDPacketVPNExternalDatabasesGGSN/SGSNMSCPost-paid BillingInternetInternetLAN/IntranetLAN/IntranetTelephoneTelephoneApplications&ContentApplicati
23、ons&ContentCustomer care27Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIPacket Network RoadmapCircuit RAN Voice&DataPSTNWireless Packet Data:Add EDGE/GPRS Data Services(TDMA)Add cdma2000/M-IP Data Services(CDMA)Bypass PSTN with Packet IP/ATM Core Network(Voice Tandem)Wireless Multimedia:Integrated Multimedi
24、a via 3G Packet RAN Common Feature Servers for Wireless and Wireline Common Core Network for TDMA&UMTS Common VoP Network for TDMA,cdma2000&UMTS RAN-Radio Access NetworkPacket RANDataPacket Core NetworkCircuit RAN VoicePSTN3G Packet RANVoice&DataPacket Core NetworkPSTNCircuit CoreCircuit CoreAll IP
25、NetworkAll IP NetworkPacket Core/Packet Core/Hybrid Packet?Hybrid Packet?Wireless Circuit Voice and Low Speed Circuit DataPSTNGatewayPSTNGatewayFeatureServer28Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIIP is Evolving to Meet the NeedIP Extensions to Support Cellular AttributesPassive ConnectivityMobility
26、 ManagementHandoff MechanismsQuality of ServiceBilling MechanismsUbiquitous Scalability29Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIIntroduction for 3G Mobile Communication System1)Why 3G?2)2G to 3G Evolution3)Comparison between 2G,2.5G&3G.4)Standardizing Committee for 3G.5)Two major proposals for 3G mob
27、ile communication.6)Comparison between W-CDMA&cdma2000.7)Harmonization efforts for global systems.30Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI3)Comparison between 2G,2.5G&3G31Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI32Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI 6)Comparison between W-CDMA&cdma200033Wireless Tec
28、hnology Innovation LabsWTIBC(Before Cellular)Single Channel Radio TelephoneHigh power transmitter on a high spotEach user has own channelrange of 50 milesTrunked Radio“Trunking efficiency”by sharing channelsMore spectrum efficientCellularlike Trunked radio,share the channelsLow power=small coverage
29、areaLow power=frequency reuseMore expensive infrastructure34Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIData-What Are Consumer Needs?AffordableTerminalService“Attractive”terminalHuman factors input/outputBattery lifeForm factorResponsivenessUseful data(“walled garden”)Quick responseSorted response(time cr
30、itical/location critical)35Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIApplicationsVideo ConferencingEmail with attachmentsFile TransferMobile Intranet AccessGames with limited graphicsAudio/VideoClip DownloadStill PictureWeb SurfingBankingInformationServicesVideo-GamesStreaming Audio/Video2G Wireless 2G
31、Wireless Networks Networks 2.5G Wireless2.5G WirelessNetworksNetworks3G Wireless3G WirelessNetworksNetworksGSMGSMGPRSGPRSUMTSUMTSCourtesy Don Gibson,Philips,Santa Clara,CASMS/e-mail36Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIData Services-MiddlewarePreferred language should be XML compliant37Wireless Te
32、chnology Innovation LabsWTIData Services-Business issuesUsefulness of informationMetcalfes law:value of network increase as the exponent of connected nodes:V KN Corollary:value of a wireless network is inversely proportional to the number of incompatible standards:V 1/SHigh speed data Few will pay f
33、or high speed video(5 to 10 x voice call)Many will pay for useful,responsive service-high speed allows for responsiveness38Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTISMS Very Popular,Except in US“Rule of thumb”at 30%pen usage explodes US penetration is about 35%But we have 5 standard-10%max on any oneMet
34、calfes law in reverseEuropean environmentcalling party pays-no cost for incomingInternet cost per minuteSMS is a way of making money go father Postulation-SMS would be explosive in North America if the internet was established as the common interface39Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI2G offered
35、 customers clear valueSmaller phone-in your pocket/purseLonger battery life-stop worrying about itBetter MMI on the phoneMore affordable service-$30 bucks per monthMaybe poor voice,but better coverageLess dropped calls-worked better40Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIWhat is 3 G supposed to offe
36、r?Original DefinitionCommon World StandardHigher Speed Data384 kp/s for full area coverage2 Mb/s for local area coverageIsochronous Services(voice/video)supportedData Packet,“always on”Service supportedRealityFamily of standardsat least two bands,thanks to North America41Wireless Technology Innovati
37、on LabsWTIReasons for 3G Business drivers to move forwardNeed for more voice spectrum in some regions of the worldHope that data will become a major new source of revenueTechnology push3 G data business case is unclearIn some markets,might be competitively priced to wireline,but not in US3 G needs a
38、 data killer application,as voice revenue will dropMarket must find“low payload”services with high utilityTie in with location and voice technologyCarriers must aggressively price the service-“learning curve”Thus 3 G data business can be proven by 2.5 G data business42Wireless Technology Innovation
39、LabsWTIOperators 2.5G/3G networks will not meet expectations2G2.5G3GExpected data rate kbps9-14100-300 384-2000Actual data rate kbps9-1410-3030-15043Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIIts all about Integration and BalanceNokiaRIMPalm VIIPIMVisorWebAccessMessagingVoice?44Wireless Technology Innova
40、tion LabsWTIMobile Multimedia Services45Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIGeneral architecture of the IP-based IMT network platformApplicationsAP1AP2AP3APnMiddlewareIP-based transport NWLocationAccounting/billingMedia conversionDistributionBasic network management sub-layerRRMMMC/SMSecurityQoSSe
41、rvice support sub-layerIPIPIPIPRadioRadioRadioIPIPIPISDN/PSTNInternetIntegration46Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI47Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI48Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI49Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI50Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI51Wireless Technolog
42、y Innovation LabsWTI52Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI53Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI54Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI2G 与与3G网络结构网络结构VLRMSCMSCVLRMSCMSCSGSNSGSNGMSCGMSCBSCBSCBTSBTSBTSBTSAbisBSSBSSBSCBSCBTSBTSBTSBTSAbisBSSBSSAUCAUCHLRHLREIREIRPSTNEDCFHAPSTNPSTNGGSNGGSNPDNPDNGbGpG
43、cGfGnGrGsOther PLMNOther PLMNRNCRNCNodeBNodeBNodeBNodeBIubRNSRNSRNCRNCNodeBNodeBNodeBNodeBIubRNSRNSIurIu-CSIu-PSIu-PSIu-CSGiPLMN:Public land mobile network UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunication System 55Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI3GPP R43GPP R4网络结构网络结构网络结构网络结构MSCSCPHLRMSCRANRANRANTDMMSC
44、 ServerSCPHLRRANRANRANTDM/ATM/IPMGWMGWMSC ServerTUP/ISUP/BICCTUP/ISUP注：R99与R4的分组域无变化，图中未画出。R99R4H.248H.248MAP Over TDMMAP Over TDM/IPCAP Over TDMCAP Over TDM/IP承载独立呼叫控制bearer independent call control BICC56Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI3GPP R53GPP R5网络结构图网络结构图网络结构图网络结构图57Wireless Technology
45、Innovation LabsWTIvCall State Control Function(CSCF)vHome Subscriber Server(HSS)vTransport Signalling Gateway Function(T-SWG)vRoaming Signalling Gateway Function(R-SGW)vComposite GatewayvMedia Gateway Control Function(MGCF)vMedia Gateway Function(MGW)vMultimedia Resource Function(MRF)vMSC ServervGat
46、eway MSC Server58Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI1、硬切换移动台在不同频率或不同系统（GSM）之间的切换2、软切换移动台在同一频率下的不同基站之间的切换3、更软切换移动台在同一基站的不同扇区之间的切换WCDMA的切换59Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI更软切换：在BTS内部完成基站和移动台都按照RAKE 接收机方式接收软切换：网络需要一条独立的传输链路 UL/DL分集方式不同MS:MRC RAKE合并RNC:帧选择合并软切换与更软切换软切换与更软切换60Wireless Technolog
47、y Innovation LabsWTIWCDMA WCDMA 压缩模式与切换压缩模式与切换 在压缩模式下需要更多发射功率=影响WCDMA系统的覆盖 在压缩模式帧中不能进行功率控制=需要更高的Eb/N0 =影响 WCDMA 容量WCDMAIS-95GSM频间测量的用途用于频间和系统间切换无频间测量，很难利用多载波用于切换由于TX和RX的不连续，测量很容易频间测量方法压缩模式正常帧压缩模式正常帧测量间隙61Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI62Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI向向3G3G网络演进的策略网络演进的
48、策略网络演进需考虑的问题网络演进需考虑的问题主要方案主要方案63Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI二代向三代的过渡策略两个问题网络兼容与过渡第三代系统必然要在一段时间内与第二代系统相共存终端的兼容双模甚至多模终端ITU建议采用“软件无线电”技术。这种技术是采用空间软件下载和自适应技术来实现传统用硬件实现的功能，目前看来，实现这种技术仍存在困难。64Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI向第三代演进的策略策略1：首先采用增强的第二代网络，延续一段时间。第三代的无线接入网通过适配功能单元接入到增强的第二代核心网；在较晚
49、的时间再采用第三代的核心网络。第三代核心网络与第二代网络间采用互通功能单元进行互通，而逐步淘汰第二代核心网。65Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI66Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI向第三代演进的策略策略2：从开始阶段就建设第三代的核心网络。第二代与第三代之间采用互通功能单元互通，逐步将第二代的无线接入网直联到第三代的核心网络，而淘汰第二代核心网。67Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI68Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI两种
50、演进策略的大致比较69Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTIR99 network architecture(3GPP TS 23.002)BSSRNS(RAN)CNAIuPSMSGsGnGrGcCDGFGfGiIuCSGbSGSNIurIubisRNCNBNBRNCAbisBTSBTSBSCMSCVLRBGGSNGMSCMSCVLRBHLRAuCEIRPSTNIP NetworksCuSIM-ME i/forMEUSIMSIMUmIuuGpE70Wireless Technology Innovation LabsWTI2G network reuseC