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1、论文人称和时态论文人称和时态一、科技论文要求叙述客观，读者关注作者的研究内容和结论，而非作者本人，所以应避免使用-。二、论文常用时态1.叙述论文研究之前所进行的工作（通常出现在论文的-部分）具体时间或具体人的一般采用-；对以前工作的总结一般采用-。Leeetal.17-(report)aso-calledhardanodizationapproachtoobtainhighlyorderedPAAwithawiderangeofporesizesandinterporedistances.Alotofwork-(devote)toinvestigatingtheformationmechani
2、smsofPAA48,andconsiderableresearchefforts-(direct)towardthefabricationofthePAAwithlong-rangeorderednanoholes918.第1页/共26页2.实验经过、实验过程的描述通常采用-。Thespectra-(record).Thestructure-(determine)byneutrondiffractionmethods.Theelectrolytesolutions-(prepare)fromreagentgradechemicalsanddeionizedwater.Themorpholog
3、yofthePAAfilm-(characterize)byfield-emissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FE-SEM,HitachiS-4800).第2页/共26页3.图表介绍、公式说明、实验结果、实验结论等通常采用-。Fig.3-（show)SEMimagesoftheas-preparedsamples.InordertofurtherunderstandtheeffectofEGonthemorphologyofPAA,EISmeasurements-(carry)outforthefilmsobtainedinEGandaqueoussolutio
4、ns.Impedancespectraforthefilms-(illustrate)inFig.5intheformofBodeplot.ThePAAfilmsformedinbothEGandaqueoussolutions-(exhibit）aquasilinearchangeintheimpedancemodulusintheexperimentalfrequencyrangewithaslopecloseto1.第3页/共26页总之：总之：表示表示“报道、研究、综述报道、研究、综述”等，通常用一般现在时等，通常用一般现在时 In this paper we report the sy
5、nthesis of RFC containing bariumferriteaccordingtoaspecificmethodanditsevaluationofdielectricandmechanicalproperties.Theprobablemodeofevolutionis discussed.叙述他人已报道的内容用一般过去时或现在完成时叙述他人已报道的内容用一般过去时或现在完成时 In the past decade public attention more and more focused on thepotentialapplicationsofrenewableres
6、ources.表示研究过程的行为通常用一般过去时表示研究过程的行为通常用一般过去时 High Density Polyethylene(HDPE)was kindly supplied by FIAT(Italy).The HDPE was blended with the LDPE,in the molten state at hightemperature(200),using a Brabender blender,equipped withrotatingblades.表示实验结果及其产生的原因表示实验结果及其产生的原因,通常用一般现在时通常用一般现在时 Tensile strengt
7、hdecreaseswiththeadditionofoxides.Thisisduetothe poor interfacial adhesion between the oxide filler and naturerubber.如用一般过去时，则表示这一结论仅适用于该研究过程中的特定情况，不具普遍性 表示计划与预期的结果用将来时表示计划与预期的结果用将来时 Inthecomingyears,scientistswill try to collectsignalsfromouterspace.第4页/共26页论论文文人人称称与与时时态态第5页/共26页论论文文人人称称与与时时态态第6页/共
8、26页论论文文人人称称与与时时态态第7页/共26页论论文文人人称称与与时时态态第8页/共26页科技英语的选词科技英语的选词科技语言与口语的区别硫酸钾适用于怕氮作物。目前，相图的测绘已有许多方法，由于很多物质的热力学数据都已积累不少，一些人就干脆直接通过热力学计算的结果数据绘出相图，特别是采用了计算机之后，即使是较为复杂的相图也不在话下。硫酸钾适用于不能施用不能施用氮化物的作物 相图的测绘有多种方法，甚至可利用现有的热力学数据借助计算机计算相当复杂的相图1.选用稳重的规范词 Ask buy cheap similar enough 2.正式动词替代短语动词 吸收 （take in-）；熄灭（pu
9、t out-）;维持（keep up-）3.避免使用口语或生活中常用的缩略词语 lots of;quite a few;lab;ad;Well;dont;cant4.尊重客观事实，不要滥用修辞（夸张、拟人、双关语等）第9页/共26页语句的一致性语句的一致性-主谓一致、代词与先行词一致复合主语成为一个整体，或指同一个人、同一个地方、同一件事物，谓语动词用单数ItsinventorandpractitionerisRobert.“thereis”,“thereare”句型，主语为复合主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致Therewasateacherandseveralstudentsinthelab
10、oratory.Therewereseveralstudentsandateacherinthelaboratory.用or,nor(或者eitheror,neithernor)连接的复合主语，有时用复数，有时用单数。复合主语中两主语均是单数时，谓语动词用单数；两个主语均是复数时，谓语动词用复数Thedesigneroranotherscientistusuallyannouncesthedecision.Neither banks nor independent agencies offer appropriate lifeinsurancepolicies.复合主语中一个主语是复数，另一个
11、是单数，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致Neitherthequalitynorthepriceshavechanged.Neitherthepricesnorthequalityhaschanged.集合名词指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；指集体中各个体时用复数Thatdataisreliable.Do not form conclusion until the data have beengathered.代词与先行词一致The purpose is to bring together several manuscripts byactivescientistsandengineersandpubl
12、ishtheminasingleissue.第10页/共26页平行结构一致性原则平行结构一致性原则1.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities beingmadeandmassproductionwhichproduceslargenumbersofidenticalparts.2.ThenanoparticlesdispersedintheSolutionAwererelativelylarge,deepcolorandvariedinshape.3.The resul
13、ts suggested that during the precarbonization,the tension had an abrupt decreasebefore480,andthenincreasedrapidly,whichcoulddividetheprocessintotwosections.第11页/共26页1.Thecrudepetroleumoilobtainedfromwellconsistsofamixtureofhydrocarbonsandeachoftheseisachemicalcompoundofcarbonandhydrogen.2.BorninBeij
14、ing,Chinain1930,YuanLongpingcameupwithanideaforhybridizingriceinthe1960s,whenaseriesofnaturaldisastershadplungedChinaintoanunprecedentedfamine.语句结构严谨合理统一句子成分间或段落中各个句子之间的协调一致，一个句子的各个部分或段落内的各个句子都从属于一个中心，不存在游离于中心思想之外的句子。违反主从关系：主从颠倒、主从并列意思不完整或不明确：成分残缺，结构混乱，表达不充分，表达不具体第12页/共26页包括意连（句子内在意义的逻辑关系）、形连（使用转换词语
15、）叙述主体对象突然改变，逻辑衔接欠妥Amicrocomputerized measuring system is developed.An I-Vcharacteristic curve can be automatically acquired in 5 seconds withanaccuracyof0.05%.A microcomputerized measuring system is developed,which canautomaticallyproduceanI-Vcharacteristiccurvein5secondswithanaccuracyof0.05%.A micr
16、ocomputerized measuring system is developed and it canautomaticallyproduceanI-Vcharacteristiccurvein5secondswithanaccuracyof0.05%.悬垂结构及比较对象问题Splittingtheatom,manynewelementswerediscoveredbySeaborg.Theresults indicatedthatthecontent of iron inSampleAwashigherthanSampleB.语句连贯性(coherence)第13页/共26页完整性 T
17、he laboratory needed an operator.Preferably someonewithintelligenceandexperience.The laboratory needed an operator,preferably someonewithintelligenceandexperience.Such comments neither contribute nor detract from hisreputation.Suchcommentsneithercontributetonordetractfromhisreputation.单义性（1）两个句子不以逗号
18、连接Nooneisbornwithknowledge,knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.Nooneisbornwithknowledge;knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.（2）句子不应粘连（run-onsentence）The sensor requires little maintenance it can be place indifficult-accessareas.Thesensorrequireslittlemaintenance,soitcanbeplaceindifficult-accessareas.第14页/共2
19、6页省略句较多省略句较多Oxygenhasanionicvalenceof-2,andchlorinehasanionicvalenceof-1.Letthepressureoftheairpersq.cm.bedonotedbyP,anditstotalvolumebedenotedbyV.Denmark already gets a fifth of its electricity from wind,and Germany gets a tenth of its electricityfromwind.第15页/共26页省略句较多Ifitisalloyedwithtin,copperfo
20、rmsaseriesofalloyswhichareknownasbronze.Themetalalloyswhichareusedinsidetheenginemustbeabletowithstandthehightemperatureandpressureswhicharegeneratedduringitsoperation.Ceramic materials are inorganic materials which consist of metallic andnonmetallicelementswhicharechemicallybondedtogether.Since it
21、is composed of several different puresubstances,airisamixture.第16页/共26页科技英语阿拉伯数字与数词的使用方法科技英语阿拉伯数字与数词的使用方法基数词数字小于10时用数词（即全拼英文单词），10以上用阿拉伯数字，这一点中英文是相似的；序数词由“第一”(first)到“第九”(ninth)全部拼写，序数词第10以上前面部分用数字（即由阿拉伯数字和序数词词尾构成）。如：threeflasks30flasksseventrees10treesthirdflaskseighthexamplefirstcentury12thflasks3
22、3rdexample21stcenturysixfold20fold在某一系列或范围内只要含有数字10以上的就全部使用数字。如：5-15 experiments 第17页/共26页句子开头用全拼数量词，如：Threemicrogramsofsamplewasdissolvedin20mLofacid.Fiftysampleswerecollected,butonly22weretested.叙述中引用两个带有编号的项目，使用“and”。如：Figures1and2refs23and24compounds I andII使用endash表示范围，或3项以上的系列。如：Tables14temper
23、aturesof100125Refs35eqs69samples510pages237239pp165172但如以“fromto”或“betweenand”的字样表示则不使用endash。如：from20to80,notfrom2080between50and100mL,notbetween50100mL第18页/共26页注意中、英文标点的差别中文英文书名号“”或用不同字体顿号、,凡中文使用顿号处英文均使用逗号句号。（科普读物）.（学术论文）省略号破折号emdash“”成对使用，注释All three experimental parameterstemperature,time,andcon
24、centrationwerestrictlyfollowed.表示范围的一字线和波纹线 endash“”表示范围 半字线“”构成复合词endash“”构成对等复合词(Oxidationreduction)hyphen“-”构成不对等复合词(light-year）第19页/共26页其它注意事项1.数字与单位之间空一格(单位是温度和%的除外)，如25kg，35cm，5%2.缩略词的复数形式应该置于点之前。Figs.1and2showthisprocess.Thewell-groundedreadermayskipChaps.1,2,and3.Eqs.5and6areveryuseful.Thean
25、swerstoalltheseexercisesaregivenonpp.11to14.3.上下标、大小写等第20页/共26页改写下列句子，注意科技英语的修辞习惯改写下列句子，注意科技英语的修辞习惯1.The total area under natural protection reaches19330hectares,andwhichaccountfor2.01%ofthetotalofChina.2.Cokehasprovedtobemoreefficientthananyfuelwehavetried.3.Theboilpointofthesolutionishigherthanany
26、ofitsseparatecomponents.4.A80-lbforcemustbeusedhere.5.GivingVandI,wecanfindoutR.6.Speedisequaltodistancedividingtime.第21页/共26页改写下列句子，使其更符合科技英语规范改写下列句子，使其更符合科技英语规范1.An initial analysis of the device parameters has been madeandtheresultsobtainedaresatisfactory.2.Anelectronisaboutaslargeasanucleus,andi
27、tsdiameterisabout10-12cm.3.Sapproximateseanditserrorislessthan10-7.4.A new method for solving this problem is presented.Thismethodissimpleandpracticable.5.Because computers are accurate in operation and high inspeed,theyhavefoundwideapplicationsinallfields.6.A capacitor is a device and it consists o
28、f two conductorswhichareseparatedbyaninsulator.7.Thepriceforthisinstrumentisexpensive.8.Because this device is small in size,light and cheap,it hasfoundwideapplicationsinmanyfields.第22页/共26页根据科技英语规范，改写下段错误。根据科技英语规范，改写下段错误。Weusezirconiumfoilasanodicelectrodeandplatinumfoil as cathodic electrode。The d
29、istance betweenanodic and cathodic electrodes was 20mm.We use20KGNaOHaqueoussolutionaselectrolyte.Fig.1,2shows the XRD pattern of sample A and sample Bannealedatdifferenttemperature.Itsclearlyseenthattheunannealedsampleexhibitedamixtureofmonoclinic ZrO2and tetragonal ZrO2 structure.thetetragonal ZrO
30、2 was still the predominant phase withthecontentbeing84.4%、81.0%、and76.8%whenthesampleannealedat400OC、600OC、and800respectively。第23页/共26页各种复合句和长句长而复杂的句子结构是科技英语的典型特征。找出各成分间的语法关系和逻辑关系，确定主干（主句的主谓结构），再确定定语和状语等修饰成分，最后根据英语句式规律完成长句。1.5月12日，中国四川成都西北偏西方向90公里发生了里氏8级、震中深度为19公里的强地震，造成约7万人丧生，许多人无家可归。OnMay12,anear
31、thquakethatmeasuredat8.0magnitudeontherichterscalewith a depth of 19 kilometers,hit 90 kilometers west-northwest of Chengdu,capital city of Sichuan,China,killing some 70 thousands people and leavingmanypeoplehomeless.第24页/共26页2.有关合成适用于化学气相沉积法的银化合物方面的最新进展，Puddephatt等人已经有所报道，而且还解释了为什么早期的银化合物不像类似结构的铜（I
32、）化学物那样具有挥发性，但是，通过化学气相沉积制备大尺寸的银薄膜仍然很困难，并且技术成本很高。AthoughrecentprogresshasbeenreportedbyPuddephattetal.inthesynthesisofappropriate silver complexed for CVD and in understanding why earlier silvercomplexeshavenotbeenasvolatileastheirCu(I)analogues,yettheprepartionoflarge films via silver CVD deposition remains a difficult and costly technicalproblem.第25页/共26页感谢您的观看！第26页/共26页