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1、1现在完成时的基本句式是 “have（has）过去分词”。如：I have seen that film 我已经看过那部影片了。We have just finished our homework 我们刚刚做完家庭作业.She has gone home 她回家去了。注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”,“刚刚”,“过”或“了”等.第1页/共28页2现在完成时一般疑问句式是 把助动词have或has提到主语之前。如：Have you re
2、ad this story book yet？你读过这本故事书吗？Has he eaten that apple yet？他吃那个苹果了吗？注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）一般疑问句译成汉语时,往往译成“.过吗？”,“还有.吗？”等.3）其肯定回答用：Yes，.have（has）否定回答用：No，.havent（hasnt）有时用：No，not yet或No，never 第2页/共28页Lets continue:3现在完成时的否定句式是 “have（has）+not过去分词”。如：We havent studied Unit 2 yet 我们还没学习第二单元。The
3、train hasnt stopped yet 火车还没有停下来。注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常译为“还没有”等。第3页/共28页Lets continue:现在完成时的用法。1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？(“读”发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容)I have bought two apples我买了两个苹果。（“买”发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果）常与现在完成时连用的副词：already，just，yet，ever，never等。alr
4、eady，just多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework 我已经做完家庭作业了。He has just had his meal 他刚吃过饭。They havent started yet他们还没有动身。We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。第4页/共28页2现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由“for+时间段”或 “since+过去时间点/从句”引导的时间状语连用。例如：We have lived he
5、re for five years 我们在这里住了五年了。I have known him since he was a boy 我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。注意：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的事对现在造成的影响；一般过去时指过去发生的事实。请看下面对话中一般过去时和现在完成时的不同。A：Have you seen the film？B：Yes，I have A：When did you see it？B：I saw it a year ago 第5页/共28页You have lived in Shenzhen since 1985.You have lived
6、 in Shenzhen for fifteen years.(for fifteen years)since 1985now(2000)1985now(2000)since+表示时间点的词或时间状语从句表示时间点的词或时间状语从句for+表示一段时间的词表示一段时间的词第6页/共28页since+表示时间点的词或时间状语从句表示时间点的词或时间状语从句 for +表示时间段的词表示时间段的词I have been a teacher since 1995.I have been a teacher since I came to Shenzhen.I have been a teacher
7、for five years.第7页/共28页(1990-2000)He has been a teacher for ten years.He has been a teacher since 1990.He has been a teacher since he left college in 1990.(left college)第8页/共28页He has been a painter for two months.(2000.72000.9)(moved to Japan)He has been a painter since he moved to Japan.He has bee
8、n a painter since July.第9页/共28页(19972000)He has been a doctor for three years.He has been a doctor since 1997.(came here)He has been a doctor since he came here in 1997.第10页/共28页(17/09/200026/09/2000)He has been a policeman for nine days.He has been a policeman since September 17th,2000.第11页/共28页(19
9、922000)He has been a singer for eight years.He has been a singer since 1992.(won the prize for music)He has been a singer since he won the prize for music in 1992.第12页/共28页(19882000)She has been a nurse for twelve years.She has been a nurse since 1988.worked in this hospitalShe has been a nurse sinc
10、e she worked in this hospital in 1988.第13页/共28页She has learnt how to dance for five months.She has learnt how to dance since April.How long has she learnt how to dance?(2000.4-2000.9)How long has she learnt how to dance?第14页/共28页How long have you learnt English?第15页/共28页中学中学How long have you learnt
11、English at this school?第16页/共28页How long have they been married?第17页/共28页How long has the Olympic Games been held?第18页/共28页How long has he had the dog?第19页/共28页Exercises.Use“since”or“for”to fill in the blank.1)His mother has been ill _ a month.2)We have had a rest _ we came back.3)They have known ea
12、ch other _ they were children.4)She has taught English in this school _ about ten years.5)He has worked in that hospital _ he left college.6)My mother has been a doctor _ many years.forsincesinceforsincefor第20页/共28页 3延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk
13、，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。（2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：【正】The play has begun 戏开演了。（戏正在演着）【误】The play has be
14、gun for half an hour 戏开演半小时了。【正】The play has been on for half an hour.第21页/共28页 4非延续性动词表示状态有三种方法：（1）用相应的延续性动词来替换非延续性动词。句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时，时间状语为“for 时间段”或“since 时间点（过去某一时刻或非延续性动词的一般过去时从句）”或用在how long的问句中。例如：They have been here for five years他们来这里已经五年了。（这里come这一非延续性动词改成了be。）（2）常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：come co
15、me togo out leavebegin/startbuyborrow joindieput oncatch a coldget to knowbecome a teacherfall asleepgo to sleepbebe in atbe outbe awaybe onhavekeepbe a member of/be amemberbe deadwearhave a coldknowbe a teacherbe asleepsleep。第22页/共28页（2）用“非延续性动词的一般过去时一段时间ago”这一句型（即用一般过去时）。例如：They came here five years ago 他们是五年前来这里的。（3）用“It is（has been）时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式）”这一句型。例如：It is five years since they came here 自从他们来到这里已经有五年了。第23页/共28页第24页/共28页第25页/共28页第26页/共28页Lets do some exercises:第27页/共28页感谢您的观看！第28页/共28页