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1、会计学1现在完成时态的用法现在完成时态的用法(yn f)总结完整汇总总结完整汇总第一页，共28页。2现在完成时一般疑问句式是 把助动词have或has提到主语之前(zhqin)。如：Have you read this story book yet？你读过这本故事书吗？Has he eaten that apple yet？他吃那个苹果了吗？注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）一般疑问句译成汉语时,往往译成“.过吗？”,“还有.吗？”等.3）其肯定回答用：Yes，.have（has）否定回答用：No，.havent（hasnt）有时用：No，not yet或No，never
2、 第2页/共28页第二页，共28页。Lets continue:3现在完成(wn chng)时的否定句式是 “have（has）+not过去分词”。如：We havent studied Unit 2 yet 我们还没学习第二单元。The train hasnt stopped yet 火车还没有停下来。注意：1）现在完成(wn chng)时的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常译为“还没有”等。第3页/共28页第三页，共28页。Lets continue:现在完成时的用法。表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故事
3、吗？(“读”发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是:是否(sh fu)知道故事的内容)I have bought two apples我买了两个苹果。（“买”发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果）常与现在完成时连用的副词：already，just，yet，ever，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I have already finished my homework 我已经做完家庭作业了。He has just had his meal 他刚吃过饭。They havent started yet他们还没有动身。We
4、have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。第4页/共28页第四页，共28页。2现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由“for+时间(shjin)段”或 “since+过去时间(shjin)点/从句”引导的时间(shjin)状语连用。例如：We have lived here for five years 我们在这里住了五年了。I have known him since he was a boy 我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。注意：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的事对现在造成的影响；一般过去时
5、指过去发生的事实。请看下面对话中一般过去时和现在完成时的不同。A：Have you seen the film？B：Yes，I have A：When did you see it？B：I saw it a year ago 第5页/共28页第五页，共28页。You have lived in Shenzhen since 1985.You have lived in Shenzhen for fifteen years.(for fifteen years)since 1985now(2000)1985now(2000)since+表示时间表示时间(shjin)点的词或时间点的词或时间(sh
6、jin)状语从句状语从句for+表示表示(biosh)一段一段时间的词时间的词第6页/共28页第六页，共28页。since+表示时间表示时间(shjin)点的词或时间点的词或时间(shjin)状语从句状语从句 for +表示时间表示时间(shjin)段的词段的词I have been a teacher since 1995.I have been a teacher since I came to Shenzhen.I have been a teacher for five years.第7页/共28页第七页，共28页。(1990-2000)He has been a teacher fo
7、r ten years.He has been a teacher since 1990.He has been a teacher since he left college in 1990.(left college)第8页/共28页第八页，共28页。He has been a painter for two months.(2000.72000.9)(moved to Japan)He has been a painter since he moved to Japan.He has been a painter since July.第9页/共28页第九页，共28页。(19972000
8、)He has been a doctor for three years.He has been a doctor since 1997.(came here)He has been a doctor since he came here in 1997.第10页/共28页第十页，共28页。(17/09/200026/09/2000)He has been a policeman for nine days.He has been a policeman since September 17th,2000.第11页/共28页第十一页，共28页。(19922000)He has been a
9、singer for eight years.He has been a singer since 1992.(won the prize for music)He has been a singer since he won the prize for music in 1992.第12页/共28页第十二页，共28页。(19882000)She has been a nurse for twelve years.She has been a nurse since 1988.worked in this hospitalShe has been a nurse since she worke
10、d in this hospital in 1988.第13页/共28页第十三页，共28页。She has learnt how to dance for five months.She has learnt how to dance since April.How long has she learnt how to dance?(2000.4-2000.9)How long has she learnt how to dance?第14页/共28页第十四页，共28页。How long have you learnt English?第15页/共28页第十五页，共28页。中学中学(zhngx
11、u)How long have you learnt English at this school?第16页/共28页第十六页，共28页。How long have they been married?第17页/共28页第十七页，共28页。How long has the Olympic Games been held?第18页/共28页第十八页，共28页。How long has he had the dog?第19页/共28页第十九页，共28页。Exercises.Use“since”or“for”to fill in the blank.1)His mother has been ill
12、 _ a month.2)We have had a rest _ we came back.3)They have known each other _ they were children.4)She has taught English in this school _ about ten years.5)He has worked in that hospital _ he left college.6)My mother has been a doctor _ many years.forsincesinceforsincefor第20页/共28页第二十页，共28页。3延续性动词与非
13、延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。（2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结
14、果(ji gu)还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：【正】The play has begun 戏开演了。（戏正在演着）【误】The play has begun for half an hour 戏开演半小时了。【正】The play has been on for half an hour.第21页/共28页第二十一页，共28页。4非延续性动词表示状态有三种方法：（1）用相应的延续性动词来替换非延续性动词。句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时，时间状语为“for 时间段”或“since 时间点（过去某一时刻或非延续性动词的一般过去时从句）”或用在how long的问句中。例如：They
15、 have been here for five years他们来这里已经(y jing)五年了。（这里come这一非延续性动词改成了be。）（2）常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：come come togo out leavebegin/startbuyborrow joindieput oncatch a coldget to knowbecome a teacherfall asleepgo to sleepbebe in atbe outbe awaybe onhavekeepbe a member of/be amemberbe deadwearhave a coldknow
16、be a teacherbe asleepsleep。第22页/共28页第二十二页，共28页。（2）用“非延续性动词的一般过去时一段时间ago”这一句型（即用一般过去时）。例如：They came here five years ago 他们是五年前来这里(zhl)的。（3）用“It is（has been）时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式）”这一句型。例如：It is five years since they came here 自从他们来到这里(zhl)已经有五年了。第23页/共28页第二十三页，共28页。第24页/共28页第二十四页，共28页。第25页/共28页第二十五页，共28页。第26页/共28页第二十六页，共28页。Lets do some exercises:第27页/共28页第二十七页，共28页。感谢您的观看(gunkn)！第28页/共28页第二十八页，共28页。