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1、会计学1雅思语法句子成分与句子结构雅思语法句子成分与句子结构正确理解正确理解正确理解正确理解5 5种句子成分种句子成分种句子成分种句子成分 英英文文里里句句子子的的组组成成成成分分细细分分起起来来主主要要有有7 7种种:主主主主语语语语、谓谓谓谓语语语语、宾宾宾宾语语语语(还还还还有有有有一一一一种种种种特特特特例例例例叫叫叫叫表表表表语语语语)、定定定定语语语语、状状状状语语语语、补补语语和和同同位位语语。其其中中，补补语语和和同同位位语语难难度度比比较较大大，英英文基础不太好的同学重点了解前文基础不太好的同学重点了解前5 5种就够了种就够了第1页/共41页n n2.1 2.1 主语主语n
2、n主语是句子要说明的人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动主语是句子要说明的人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动名词名词(v.+ing)(v.+ing)、动词不定式、动词不定式(to+v.)(to+v.)、whatwhat从句、从句、thatthat从句、从句、howhow从句等组成。从句等组成。n n 动词原形不能作主语。动词原形不能作主语。n n 请阅读下面的句子，特别注意主语由何种成分组成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意主语由何种成分组成。n n Some towns,cities,regions(Some towns,cities,regions(区域区域)and countries seem to h
3、ave)and countries seem to have better education than others.better education than others.n n Fifty years ago in the UK,getting good grades and scoring Fifty years ago in the UK,getting good grades and scoring high on tests were important but not critical(high on tests were important but not critical
4、(至关重要的至关重要的)to)to life chances.life chances.第2页/共41页It It is is important important to to keep keep calm calm and and carry carry on on while while working working under under pressurepressure.(.(主语后置主语后置)It It is is certainly certainly true true that that scientists scientists are are gaining gaini
5、ng a a clearer clearer understanding understanding of of the the outer outer space space thanks thanks to to many many years years of of research research and and better better data.(data.(主主主主语语语语后后后后置置置置)主主语语后后置置，把把thatthat从从句句放放到了句子后半部分，可以避免句子头重脚轻到了句子后半部分，可以避免句子头重脚轻 满分范文满分范文:“It It is is quite qu
6、ite common common these these days days for for young young people people in in many many countries countries to to have have a a break break from from studying studying after after graduating graduating from from high high school.school.”主语后置，避免了头重脚轻主语后置，避免了头重脚轻 剑剑7 7范文范文:“It It is is true true tha
7、t that sometimes sometimes the the amount amount of of money money they they are are able able to to earn earn in in a a short short time time cannot cannot be be justified justified by by the the amount amount of of work work they they do.do.”第3页/共41页2.2 2.2 谓语谓语谓语谓语谓谓语语说说明明主主语语的的动动动动作作作作、状状状状态态态态或
8、或或或特特特特征征征征。谓谓语语永永远远只只能能由由动动动动词词词词构成。构成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意谓语由何种成分组成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意谓语由何种成分组成。Today Today many many local local and and national national newspapers newspapers carrycarry advertisements advertisements and information about holidays.and information about holidays.Spending Spending time time w
9、ith with other other children children and and sharing sharing experiences experiences can can make make children more sociable(children more sociable(喜欢社交的喜欢社交的).).第4页/共41页2.3 2.3 宾语宾语宾语宾语 宾宾宾宾语语语语表表表表示示示示动动动动作作作作行行行行为为为为的的的的对对对对象象象象，跟跟跟跟在在在在及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词之之之之后后后后。能能能能作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语的的的的有有有有名名名名词词词词
10、、代代代代词词词词、动动动动名名名名词词词词、动动动动词词词词不不不不定定定定式式式式、thatthat从从从从句句句句、whatwhat从从从从句句句句、howhow从句等。从句等。从句等。从句等。有有一一种种特特殊殊的的宾宾语语，就就是是当当动动词词是是be be(am,am,is,is,are are)动动词词时时，bebe动词后面的动词后面的名词或者形容词名词或者形容词名词或者形容词名词或者形容词也可以叫做表语。也可以叫做表语。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意宾语请阅读下面的句子，特别注意宾语(或表语或表语)由何种成分组成。由何种成分组成。Some Some adults adults us
11、e use a a computercomputer for for other other purposespurposes，such such as as getting getting information or emailing friends.information or emailing friends.A A good good writer writer does does not not just just concentrate concentrate on on the the wordswords，phrasesphrases and and grammar gram
12、mar that he/she usesthat he/she uses，but his/her thoughts as well.but his/her thoughts as well.第5页/共41页The The world world inside inside the the school school walls walls is is differentdifferent from from the the world world outside outside those those walls.(walls.(本本句句中中的的differentdifferent为为表表语语
13、)The The main main concern concern is is the the type type of of computer computer activitiesactivities that that attract attract children.(children.(本本句句中中的的the the type type of of activitiesactivities也也是表语是表语)第6页/共41页2.4 2.4 定语定语定语定语 修修饰饰名名词词的的成成分分叫叫定定语语。最最常常用用的的定定语语就就是是形形形形容容容容词词词词，还有一种用句子修饰名词的定语
14、，就是定语从句了。还有一种用句子修饰名词的定语，就是定语从句了。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意定语由何种成分组成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意定语由何种成分组成。Employees Employees need need to to feel feel that that they they are are doing doing valued valued and and valuablevaluable work.work.In In addition,addition,the the government government should should fund fund the the p
15、arentalparental(家家长长的的)support.)support.They They are are more more important important to to our our wellwell一一being being and and our our future future than than the the stars stars who who earn earn their their fortunes fortunes so so quicklyquickly.(.(定定语语从从句句)第7页/共41页2.5 2.5 状语状语状语状语 状状语语可可修修饰饰
16、动动词词、形形容容词词或或者者全全句句，可可以以由由副副词词、介介词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意状语由何种成分组成。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意状语由何种成分组成。The The majority majority of of stars stars do do not not hold hold their their top top positions positions longlong.(.(剑剑7 7例句例句)They They are are generallygenerally more more confiden
17、t confident than than children children who who stay stay at at home with their parents.home with their parents.第8页/共41页2.6 2.6 补语补语补语补语 所所谓谓补补语语，在在IELTSIELTS作作文文里里主主要要是是宾宾补补，即即下下面的这个结构面的这个结构:v+n.v+n.十十十十n./adj.n./adj.中的中的n./adj.n./adj.部分。部分。雅雅思思口口语语中中用用到到的的补补语语结结构构特特别别多多，但但在在雅雅思思作作文文中中，宾宾补补结结构构则则较较
18、为为有有限限，一一般般只只用用来来补补充充说明以下动词后的宾语说明以下动词后的宾语:find/make/render find/make/render第9页/共41页Many Many people people find find their their rewards(rewards(回回报报)unfair,)unfair,especially especially when when comparing comparing these these salaries salaries with with those those of of top top surgeons(surgeons
19、(外外科科医医生生)or research scientists.)or research scientists.The The recent recent graduates graduates found found the the job job market market frustrating frustrating because because of the economic recession(of the economic recession(经济衰退经济衰退).).Some Some individuals individuals are are concerned con
20、cerned the the Internet Internet will will make/render make/render international international tourism tourism obsolete(obsolete(过过时时的的).().(请请注注意意renderrender后后面面加加的宾补多为负面含义，如的宾补多为负面含义，如useless/powerlessuseless/powerless等等)第10页/共41页2.7 2.7 同位语同位语同位语同位语 Social Social sciences,sciences,the the scienc
21、es sciences that that deal deal with with human human lifelife,came came into being(into being(形成形成)in Europe in the early nineteenth century.)in Europe in the early nineteenth century.同同位位语语就就是是一一个个名名词词的的后后面面跟跟一一个个短短语语，解解释释说说明明这这个个名名词词，在在雅雅思思作作文文中中体体现现的的是是一一种种要要求求并并不不太太高高的的下下下下定定定定义义义义能能能能力力力力。剑剑7
22、7范文范文:Job Job satisfactionsatisfaction，a a very very important important part part of of an an employees employees sense of wellbeingsense of wellbeing，can be promoted in most jobs.can be promoted in most jobs.两个逗号之间两个逗号之间-同位语同位语第11页/共41页 一：一：基本句型基本句型 二：二：简单句到复杂句的简单句到复杂句的扩展方法扩展方法 三：三：其他句型（存在）其他句型（存在
23、）第12页/共41页一，基本句型一，基本句型陈述对象陈述对象陈述对象陈述对象+陈述内容陈述内容陈述内容陈述内容主语主语主语主语+谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构启示启示启示启示：（：（：（：（1 1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。（2 2）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点）写句子时，要知道谓语动词的用法特点 写写主主体体段段的的第第一一句句
24、话话topic topic sentencesentence和和后后面面的的分分论论点点时时常常常常用用到到简简单单句句。希希望望大大家家不不要要不不敢敢用用简简单单句句，其其实实很很多多时时候候简简单单句也有它的优势。句也有它的优势。例句例句:Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.The value of experiments is not limited to sciences.The value of experiment
25、s is not limited to sciences.第13页/共41页n n句型一：主系表句型一：主系表句型一：主系表句型一：主系表n n句型二：主谓句型二：主谓句型二：主谓句型二：主谓n n句型三：主谓宾句型三：主谓宾句型三：主谓宾句型三：主谓宾n n句型四：主谓宾宾句型四：主谓宾宾句型四：主谓宾宾句型四：主谓宾宾n n句型五：主谓宾补句型五：主谓宾补句型五：主谓宾补句型五：主谓宾补第14页/共41页句型一：主语句型一：主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 谓语动词特点：谓语动词特点：系动词的构成：系动词的构成：(1)be动词动词(2)感官动词感官动词（seem,look,taste,soun
26、d)(3)其他系动词其他系动词“变得变得”（appear,come,go,become，get)第15页/共41页n n【练练1/5】梦想已经实现。梦想已经实现。n nThe dream has come true.第16页/共41页n n【练练2/5】互联网是当今世界所有知识和信互联网是当今世界所有知识和信息的关键。息的关键。（剑（剑6,G,TB,W）n nInternet is the key.第17页/共41页n n【练练3/5】传统的方法也许可以在未来被证传统的方法也许可以在未来被证明有经济价值。明有经济价值。（剑（剑3,T2,W）n nMethods prove valuable.第
27、18页/共41页n n【练练4/5】区域外的必需品进入当地市场变区域外的必需品进入当地市场变得更加容易。得更加容易。（剑（剑7,T2,R）n nIt is easier for goods to enter market.第19页/共41页n n【练练5/5】老师的任务是协助学生应用这些老师的任务是协助学生应用这些于不自觉中所学到的知识于不自觉中所学到的知识，使它更便捷地，使它更便捷地被理解吸收（剑被理解吸收（剑7，T1，R）n nThe teachers task is to assist the students to apply what they learned paraconscio
28、usly,and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciouseness.第20页/共41页句型二：主语句型二：主语+谓语谓语 谓语动词特特点：谓语动词特特点：不及物动词不及物动词（本身意思完整，后面（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）不需要宾语）【练练1/4】第一印象很重要。第一印象很重要。The First impression counts/matters.第21页/共41页n n【练练2/4】近年来政府对报纸的控近年来政府对报纸的控制已经放松了。制已经放松了。n nThe control has loosened.第22页/共4
29、1页【练练3/4】当焦点人物或其角色成员对他在当焦点人物或其角色成员对他在某特定时段所担任角色的确切定义在思想上某特定时段所担任角色的确切定义在思想上存在疑惑时，存在疑惑时，就出现了角色模糊。就出现了角色模糊。（剑（剑3,T2,R）Role ambiguity results when.第23页/共41页n n【练练4/4】这种态度这种态度已随着以下的认识而已随着以下的认识而有有所改变所改变，即边缘社区尽管已部分地融入了，即边缘社区尽管已部分地融入了一个名声在外，变幻莫测的全球经济体系一个名声在外，变幻莫测的全球经济体系中，但仍具有其生存能力和适应性。（剑中，但仍具有其生存能力和适应性。（剑3
30、,T3,R）n nThis attitude altered with the realization that.第24页/共41页句型三：主语句型三：主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 谓语动词特点谓语动词特点：及物动词及物动词（后面带有宾语，表示作用的（后面带有宾语，表示作用的对象。）对象。）【练练1/5】教育满足需要。教育满足需要。Education meets/satisfies the demand/need.第25页/共41页n n【练练2/5】美国的一项研究已表明气温和街美国的一项研究已表明气温和街头骚乱之间存在联系。头骚乱之间存在联系。（剑（剑3,T3,R）n nResearch sho
31、ws a relationship.第26页/共41页n n【练练3/5】每一个坚实的物体都能反射声音每一个坚实的物体都能反射声音，其声音各不相同，视物体的大小和性质而其声音各不相同，视物体的大小和性质而定。定。n nEvery solid object will reflect a sound,varying according to the size and nature of the object.第27页/共41页n n【练练4/5】所有这些因素或许可以证明巨大所有这些因素或许可以证明巨大的收入是合理的。（剑的收入是合理的。（剑6,T2,W）n nFactors can justify
32、 earnings.第28页/共41页n n【练练5/5】缺乏睡眠会危及免疫系统，干扰缺乏睡眠会危及免疫系统，干扰思考能力，导致沮丧，助长焦虑情绪，使思考能力，导致沮丧，助长焦虑情绪，使人容易发怒。（剑人容易发怒。（剑5,G,TA,R）n nLack of sleep can compromise the immune system,muddle thinking,cause depression,promote anxiety and encourage irritability.第29页/共41页句型四：主语句型四：主语句型四：主语句型四：主语+谓语谓语谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语间接宾语间
33、接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语直接宾语直接宾语 谓语动词特点：谓语动词特点：双宾动词双宾动词：人：人+物物 短语搭配短语搭配第30页/共41页n nHe showed the guard his passport.n nI am going to buy her a gift.n n=I am going to buy a gift for her.第31页/共41页n n【练练1/3】大学授予了我奖学金。大学授予了我奖学金。n nThe university gave/granted me a scholarship.第32页/共41页n n【练练2/3】迈克尔向经理递交了一份迈克尔向经理递交了一
34、份申请书。申请书。n nMichael gave/presented the manager his application.第33页/共41页n n【练练3/3】他还他还不让不让你有获取某些你有获取某些信息的机会。信息的机会。n nHe has also denied you access to some information.第34页/共41页句型五：主语句型五：主语句型五：主语句型五：主语+谓语谓语谓语谓语+宾语宾语宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语谓语动词特点：谓语动词特点：宾补动词宾补动词：appoint,find,keep,make,prove,believe,t
35、hink)第35页/共41页They appointed John chairman.主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补（名词做宾补（名词做宾补）宾补）A hedge between keeps friendship green.主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾宾补补(adj.)保持距离，友谊常青。（君子之交淡保持距离，友谊常青。（君子之交淡如水。）如水。）第36页/共41页n n【练练1/3】许多人觉得他们的回报不许多人觉得他们的回报不公平。公平。（剑（剑6,T2,W）n nMany people think their reward unfair.第37页/共41页n n【练练2/3】技术时代的到来使知识更技术时
36、代的到来使知识更加重要加重要.n nThe advent/coming of technology makes knowledge more important/crucial.第38页/共41页n n【练练3/3】这些技巧会帮助他们在未来成为这些技巧会帮助他们在未来成为更有价值的员工。（剑更有价值的员工。（剑3，T3,W）n nThese skills will make them more valuable employees in the future.第39页/共41页练习：找主干进行翻译练习：找主干进行翻译n n【练练1/2】在经济全球化的时代，在经济全球化的时代，许多跨国公司更愿意雇佣有留学许多跨国公司更愿意雇佣有留学背景的人。背景的人。n n【练练2/2】坐在电视机前的坐在电视机前的30分钟分钟时间里，我就可以广泛迅速地获时间里，我就可以广泛迅速地获取从重大的国内事件、工农业上取从重大的国内事件、工农业上的最新发展到最新的国际形式等的最新发展到最新的国际形式等信息。信息。-（媒体话（媒体话题）题）第40页/共41页