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1、会计学1美国文学美国文学红字红字 The Scarlet Letter A romance of psychological paradox Topic 1Introduction to the romance第1页/共28页 A romance of psychological paradoxA romance of psychological paradox Key words:effects or consequences of the sin effects or consequences of the sin the tension between society and indiv
2、iduals the tension between society and individuals a a sense sense of of historical historical reality reality and and an an air air of of authenticity authenticity Dimmesdales Dimmesdales remorse;remorse;Chillingworths psychological Chillingworths psychological revenge revenge and and Hesters Heste
3、rs speculation speculation on on the possibilities of the possibilities of human condition.human condition.the complexity of human psychologythe complexity of human psychology第2页/共28页 It is about adultery,but not about sex.Key words:Key words:classic portrayal of Puritan America the passionate,forbi
4、dden love affair第3页/共28页It is about punishment,but not about crime.It is about punishment,but not about crime.Key words:Key words:to hide sin to wither spiritually as well as physically condemnation and purify to revenge toto accept punishment and get new life第4页/共28页Topic 2The main idea of the nove
5、l and the themesTopic 2The main idea of the novel and the themesThe main idea:The main idea:Key words:Key words:An aging English scholar Chillingworth An aging English scholar Chillingworth a scarlet letter“A”on ones breast a scarlet letter“A”on ones breast illicit child.illicit child.to disguise as
6、 a physician and change ones name to disguise as a physician and change ones name the truth the truth to reestablish fellowship to reestablish fellowship to confess sin to confess sin Pearls fate Pearls fate第5页/共28页 The themes:The The story story is is seemingly seemingly simple,simple,but but it it
7、 relates relates the the allegory allegory of of sinners sinners and and the the conflict conflict between between intellect intellect and and natural natural emotionemotion so so that that we we see see not not only only the the authors authors judgment judgment of of the the 17th 17th century cent
8、ury Puritan Puritan societysociety but but also also his his clear clear perception perception of of human human psychology psychology and and the the human human indictment indictment in in almost almost any any human human munity.The The thematic thematic concern concern of of the the author autho
9、r is is not not so so much much about about the the sin sin itself itself as as about about the the effect effect of of the the sin sin on on the the people people involved involved and and the the society society as as a a wholewhole.Along Along with with the the fusion fusion of of the the fundame
10、ntal fundamental moral moral emphasis emphasis and and human human psychologypsychology,Hawthorne Hawthorne effectively effectively uses uses symbolism symbolism to to give give the book much of its value.the book much of its value.第6页/共28页 Topic 3Comment on the main characters Topic 3Comment on the
11、 main charactersHester:1.reconstruct her life1.reconstruct her life2.never hide her character and identity2.never hide her character and identity3.bear her humiliation with supreme dignity and her agony 3.bear her humiliation with supreme dignity and her agony 4.submit to the punishment and perform
12、acts of charity to4.submit to the punishment and perform acts of charity to those in trouble those in trouble第7页/共28页 Dimmesdale:Dimmesdale:He is a fallen Puritan priest,but a rising romantic celebrity.He is a fallen Puritan priest,but a rising romantic celebrity.He undergoes the tragic experience o
13、f physical and spiritual disintegration.He undergoes the tragic experience of physical and spiritual disintegration.He hides his sin and suffers the condemnation of his inner heart and his soul is purified.He hides his sin and suffers the condemnation of his inner heart and his soul is purified.He u
14、ndergoes the tragic experience of physical and spiritual disintegration.He undergoes the tragic experience of physical and spiritual disintegration.He owes his success to his mere eloquence,to his charisma.He owes his success to his mere eloquence,to his charisma.His power is rooted in inspiration,n
15、ot in reasoning.His power is rooted in inspiration,not in reasoning.His sermons are about himself.He has become his own message.His sermons are about himself.He has become his own message.第8页/共28页Chillingworth:He is a scholar,is a real villain,the embodiment of pure intellect,who commits“the unpardo
16、nable sin”.第9页/共28页Their different results:Hester faces her sin honestly and frankly and accepts punishment,and gets new life with good morality.Dimmesdale hides his sin and suffers the condemnation of his inner heart and his soul is purified.Chillingworth is eager to revenge and become a real villa
17、in from a sufferer.第10页/共28页 The symbolic significance of the scarlet letter“A”The symbolic significance of the scarlet letter“A”第11页/共28页Topic 4Symbolic significance of the scarlet letter“A”Topic 4Symbolic significance of the scarlet letter“A”Different layers of symbolic meanings:Different layers o
18、f symbolic meanings:“Adultery”,“Adultery”,“Able”.“Able”.“Angel”“Angel”“Admirable or Art,or Advance,even America”“Admirable or Art,or Advance,even America”第12页/共28页Topic 5Study of the chapterTopic 5Study of the chapterA)A)The main idea of Chapter 2The main idea of Chapter 2 On On a a certain certain
19、morning morning in in the the middle middle of of the the seventeenth centuryseventeenth century throng of men,intermixed with women throng of men,intermixed with women the sentence of a legal tribunal the sentence of a legal tribunal Hester Prynne Hester Prynne the scaffold the scaffold a humiliati
20、on and an agony for three hours a humiliation and an agony for three hours第13页/共28页Hester PrynneHester Prynne第14页/共28页 ON ON A A FIELD,FIELD,SABLE,SABLE,THE THE LETTER LETTER A,GULES.A,GULES.第15页/共28页B)Analysis of the image of Hester PrynneB)Analysis of the image of Hester Prynne (Chapter 2)(Chapter
21、 2)1)Her appearance:a beautiful woman1)Her appearance:a beautiful womanThe The young young woman woman was was tall,tall,with with a a figure figure of of perfect perfect eleganceelegance,on on a a large large scale.scale.She She had had dark dark and and abundant abundant hairhair,so so glossy glos
22、sy that that it it threw threw off off the the sunshine sunshine with with a a gleam,gleam,and and a a face face whichwhich，besides besides being being beautiful beautiful from from regularity regularity of of feature feature and and richness richness of of complexion,complexion,had had the the impr
23、esiveness impresiveness belonging belonging to to a a marked marked brow brow and deep black eyes.(p30)and deep black eyes.(p30)She She was was lady-like,lady-like,too,too,after after the the manner manner of of the the feminine feminine gentility gentility of of those those daysdays;characterized c
24、haracterized by by a a certain certain state state and and dignity,dignity,rather rather than than by by the the delicate,delicate,evanescent,evanescent,and and indescribable indescribable grace,grace,which which is is now recognized as its indication.(p30)now recognized as its indication.(p30)Had H
25、ad there there been been a a Papist Papist among among the the crowd crowd of of Puritans,Puritans,he he might might have have seen seen in in this this beautiful beautiful woman,woman,so so picturesque picturesque in in her her attire attire and and mien,mien,and and with with the the infant infant
26、 at at her her bosom,bosom,an an object object to to remind remind him him of the of the image of Divine Maternityimage of Divine Maternity,(p31),(p31)第16页/共28页2)Her character:brave and unyielding,to face her sin honestly and frankly on on the the threshold threshold of of the the prison-door,prison
27、-door,she she repelled repelled him,him,by by an an action action marked marked with with natural natural dignity dignity and and force force of of character,character,and and stepped stepped into into the open air,as if by her own free-will.(p29)the open air,as if by her own free-will.(p29)In In a
28、a moment,moment,however,however,wisely wisely judging judging that that one one token token of of her her shame shame would would but but poorly poorly serve serve to to hide hide another,another,she she took took the the baby baby on on her her arm,arm,and,and,with with a a burning burning blush,bl
29、ush,and and yet yet a a haughty haughty smile,smile,and and a a glance glance that that would would not not be be abashed,abashed,looked looked around around at at her her townspeople and neighbours.(p30)townspeople and neighbours.(p30)haughty haughty as as her her demeanour demeanour was,was,she sh
30、e perchance perchance underwent underwent an an agony agony from from every every footstep footstep of of those those that that thronged thronged to to see see her,her,as as if if her her heart heart had had been been flung flung into into the the street street for for them them all all to to spurn
31、spurn and and trample upon.(p31)trample upon.(p31)With With almost almost a a serene serene deportment,deportment,therefore,therefore,Hester Hester Prynne Prynne passed passed through through this this portion portion of of her her ordeal,ordeal,and and came came to to a a sort sort of of scaffold,s
32、caffold,at at the western extremity of the market-place.(p31)the western extremity of the market-place.(p31)第17页/共28页Knowing well her part,she ascended a flight of wooden steps,and was thus displayed to the surrounding multitude,at about the height of a mans shoulders above the street.(p31)The unhap
33、py culprit sustained herself as best a woman might,under the heavy weight of a thousand unrelenting eyes,all fastened upon her,and concentred at her bosom.It was almost intolerable to be borne.(p32)Of an impulsive and passionate nature,she had fortified herself to encounter the strings and venomous
34、stabs of public contumely,wreaking itself in every variety of insult;.(p32)第18页/共28页3)Her ability:ableOn the breast of her gown,in fine red cloth,surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread,appeared the letter A.It was so artistically done,and with so much fertili
35、ty and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy,(p30)“She hath good skill at her needle,thats certain,”remarked one of the female spectators;(p30)and the letter A,in scarlet,fantastically embroidered with gold thread,upon her bosom!(p33)第19页/共28页4)Her view of love:to seek after true love because of her unhappy
36、marriageNot a stitch in that embroidered letter,but she has felt it in her heart.(p30)There she beheld another countenance,of a man well stricken in years,a pale,thin,scholar-like visage,with eyes dim and(p33)This figure of the study and the cloisterwas slightly deformed,with the left shoulder a tri
37、fle higher than the right.(p33)第20页/共28页C)Stylistic featuresC)Stylistic features1)Symbolism1)Symbolismall all with with their their eyes eyes intently intently fastened fastened on on the the iron-iron-clamped oaken doorclamped oaken door.(p28)(p28)Comment:Comment:It It may may well well symbolize s
38、ymbolize the the restrictive restrictive law law and and forces forces that that are are typical typical of of the the Puritan Puritan society,society,as as well as a reminder of the presence of evil or sin.well as a reminder of the presence of evil or sin.第21页/共28页an idle and vagrant Indian,was to
39、be driven with stripes into the shadow of the forest.(p28)Comment:It implies moral wilderness in the seventeenth century Puritan society in New England.the staff of office in his hand(p29):the Puritan law.第22页/共28页2)Contrast2)Contrastlike a black shadow emerging into the sunshine,the grim and grisly
40、 presence of the town-beadle,with a sword by his side and the staff of office in his hand.(p29)(The contrast signifies in general a sharp dualism of Good and Evil.)第23页/共28页2)Contrast2)Contrastthis beautiful womanthis beautiful woman,so picturesque in her attire and mien,and with the infant at her b
41、osom,so picturesque in her attire and mien,and with the infant at her bosom,an object to remind him of the image of an object to remind him of the image of Divine MaternityDivine Maternity,that sacred image of,that sacred image of sinless sinless motherhoodmotherhood,whose infant was to redeem the w
42、orld.,whose infant was to redeem the world.(pp31-32)(pp31-32)the world was only the the world was only the darkerdarker for this womans for this womans beautybeauty,and the more lost for the infant that,and the more lost for the infant that she had borne.she had borne.(p32)(p32)She saw her face,glow
43、ing with girlish beauty,and She saw her face,glowing with girlish beauty,and illuminating all the interior of the dusky illuminating all the interior of the dusky mirror mirror in which she had been wont to gaze at it.in which she had been wont to gaze at it.(p33)(p33)a new life,but feeding itself o
44、n time-worn materials,like a tuft of green moss on a crumbling a new life,but feeding itself on time-worn materials,like a tuft of green moss on a crumbling wall.wall.(p33)(p33)第24页/共28页3)Repetition3)RepetitionIt might be that a sluggish bond-servant,or an undutiful child.(p29)It might be that an An
45、tinomian,a Quaker.(p29)It might be,too,that a witch.(p29)Comment:The syntactical repetition implies not only the social reality of those days but also The syntactical repetition implies not only the social reality of those days but also stresses the theme of sin.stresses the theme of sin.第25页/共28页D)
46、Narrative TechniquesD)Narrative Techniques Narrative Point of View Narrative Point of View 1)1)With With the the third third person person point point of of view view omniscientomniscient,Hawthorne,Hawthorne,as as the the“all“all knowing”knowing”narrator narrator of of the the novel,novel,firmly fir
47、mly imposes imposes his his presence presence between between the the reader reader and and the the storystory,and and retains retains complete complete control control over over the the narrativenarrative.The The great great advantage advantage of of the the third third person person point point of
48、 of view view omniscient omniscient is is the the flexibility flexibility it it gives gives its its“all“all knowing”knowing”narrator,narrator,who who can can direct direct the the readers readers attention attention and and control control the the sources sources of of information information and an
49、d is is helpful helpful to to interpret interpret the the events events or or the the characters characters in in the the novel.novel.The The narrator narrator applies applies his his theory theory of of romance romance and and art art of of ambiguity ambiguity to to the the novel novel to to produc
50、e produce rich rich literary literary significance,making the literary work immortal.significance,making the literary work immortal.2)Memory 2)Memory By By memory,memory,Hester Hester freed freed herself herself from from the the cruel cruel weight weight and and hardness hardness of of the reality.