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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 综合学术英语教程 2 答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary Education Keys to the Exercises Approaching the Topic 1. 1 The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest. 2 The growing importance of producing professionals
2、 who have the skills to work with people from a diverse set of disciplines. 3 First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach. 4 College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 2. 1 f2 d3 a
3、4 e5 g6 m7 j8 k9 l10 i11 b12 h13 c 4. 1 offered 2 stresses 3 ability 4 different 5 approach 6 increasingly 7 graduates 8 enter 9 positions 10 Employment 6. 1 Multidisciplinary studies. 2 They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary studies, which is a pre
4、requisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 3 Open. 4 Open. 5 Open. Reading about the Topic 3. 1 The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc. 2
5、 They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT. 3 Names of intellectual giants. 4 Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner and architect. 4. Set 1: 1 c2 e3 d4 h5 a6 g7 f8 b Set 2: 1 e2 a3 h4 b5 c6 f7 d8 g 5. b Para. A b Para. B a Para. C c Par
6、a. D f Para. E e Para. F d Para. G g Para. A 6. 1 Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard in design. 2 First was da Vinci s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ields of knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci s character wa
7、s his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vincis character was an enthusiastic demand for hands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - world. 3“ There is a good chance th
8、at you will never again live and work in a community with as many different cultures and backgrounds as MIT. ” Para. F 4 Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullest potential. 5 It means that “ They took the ini
9、tiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them. ”7. Set 1: 1 h2 d3 a4 g5 f6 e7 b8 c Set 2: 1 c2 g3 d4 a5 h6 f7 e8 b 8. 1 She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f it with the value of MIT. 2 Beca
10、use by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiring role models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of their MIT education. 3 The three
11、of Da Vinci s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by the students. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential. 4 Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode
12、of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries in order to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives. 9. 1 Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor more to the purpose than Nature does. Para. A 2 For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature bec
13、ame his ultimate standard in design. Para. B 3 Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci MIT to its fullest potential. Para. F and you will use your time at 4 MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most important problems of the world. Para. G 5 I ha
14、d long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things happen to them. Para. H 10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development of technologies. Exploring the Topic 4. 1 It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientif
15、ic education is of vital importance. 2 Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals. 3 It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers. 4 How about examining our problems about science and technology from a l
16、iberal arts perspective. 5 Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventional divisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work. 5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast “College education has always had the responsibility to . Howe
17、ver, . we also see the growing importance of producing . ” . The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers interest to go on reading. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Integrated Exercises 2. 1 ultimate 2 spirit 3 feed 4 approac
18、h 5 property 6 represent 7 discipline 8 aspiration 9 inspire 10 perspective 11 inherit 12 generate 3. The members of a word family Chinese equivalent adj.有生产力inspire inspiration inspired inspiring v.鼓励 n.灵感adj.有灵感的generate generation generative generator adj.鼓励人心的v.产生n.一代的 n.发电机aspiration aspire asp
19、iring n.希望 v.希望 adj.有理想的inherit inheritance inheritor inherited v.继承 n.继承物 n.继承人 adj.遗传的discipline disciplined disciplinary n.纪律 adj.纪律严明的 adj.有关纪律的represent representation representative v.代表 n.表现 n.代表者anatomist anatomy anatomical n.解剖学家 n.解剖学 adj.解剖的speculate speculation speculative speculator v.估
20、计 n.估计 adj.估计的 n.思索者celebrate celebration celebrated celebrity v.庆祝 n.庆祝活动 adj.闻名的 n.名人intellect intellectual intelligence intelligent n.智力 adj.智力的 n.聪明 adj.有才智的collaborate collaboration collaborative v.合作 n.合作 adj.合作的 n.合作者collabotator Integrate integrated integration v.合并 adj.完整统一的n.整合1 inspiring
21、2 generation 3 collaborative 4 aspiring 5 Intelligent 6 inherit 7 celebrity 8 speculated 9 representative 10 anatomical 4. 1 D2 A3 C4 B5 D6 A7 B8 C9 A10 C 5. 1 Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine. 2 The scientists experiment generated an unexpected
22、 outcome. 3 If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into the global economy. 4 The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head. 5 The murder trial attracted considerable public attention. 6 The aspiration for college education in
23、spires people in remote areas to work hard. 7 He inherited his parents fortune after their death. 8 He disregarded his father s advice and left college. 9 In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join the campaign. 10 The special diet incorporates many diffe
24、rent fruits and vegetables. 7. 1 Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety. 2 Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck. 3 The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical s
25、tudies. 4 It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher to have heard about before. s belief, which he claimed not 5 The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possible emergencies. 6 The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the sp
26、eech delivered by the 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - environmentalist. 7 This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life. 8 Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapti
27、ng to the fast-paced modern life. 9 More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems. 10 These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interests well beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning. 8. A. 1 B2 C3 B4 B
28、5 D B. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in training individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifaceted pro
29、jects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom. C. 1 F2 T3 F4 T5 T D. 1 what learning is about 2 be inquisitive 3
30、learn a new subject 4 analyze a new problem 5 teacher-taught 6 master-inspired 7 self-learner 8 the trap of dogma 9 no single simple answer 10 black and white 11 critical thinking 12 tolerant and supportive 13 a new thesis topic 14 flexibility 15 style of leadership Unit 2 The Scientific Method Keys
31、 to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic 1. 1 The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring knowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through obs
32、ervation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses. 2 Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication and the results emerge as the same. W
33、hat is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis. 3 Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible. 4 Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really
34、is because our very presence affects what is being studied. 5 Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. Science is exciting. Science is useful. Science is ongoing. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Science is reliable. Science is a community endeavor. 2. 1 c2 g3 e4 f5
35、 a6 d7 h8 k9 b10 i11 j 4. 1 aspects 2 process 3 satisfy 4 technologies 5 puzzle 6 collection 7 evidence 8 ensure 9 diversity 10 professional 6. 1 Science. 2 It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peering through a telescope, the launch of the space sh
36、uttle, and so on. 3 Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature. 4 Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science moves towards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community,
37、 which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas. 5 Open. Reading about the Topic 3. 1 The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which “verified ” the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to be false, are still upheld b
38、y their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at the price of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status. 2 A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific. 3 Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always
39、 fitted and were always confirmed. 4 Light must be attracted by heavy bodies such as the sun. 5 There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possible results of observation in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would have expected. 4. Set 1: 1 c2
40、 a3 d4 b5 f6 e7 h8 g Set 2: 1 b2 e3 a4 f5 d6 c7 h8 g 5. Para. A b Para. B c Para. C e Para. D e Para. E a Para. F d 6. 1 Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions. 2 You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem. 3 You shouldnt change the hypothesis. Inst
41、ead, try to explain what might have been wrong with your original hypothesis. 4 An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once you develop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn experiment show that you were wrong. t change it, even if the results of your
42、5 Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way. 7. Set 1: 1 c2 a3 d4 b5 f6 e7 h8 g Set 2: 1 e2 g3 a4 f5 c6 b7 d8 h 8. 1 Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting information from any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation
43、 in verifying a theory. In this process, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through being refuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - which ref lects its true scientific
44、 virtue. 2 A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while a theory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied to every situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory. 3 It is always possible to verify nearly every theor
45、y, but that would rescue the theory from refutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status. 4 To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific. 9. 1 Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn more about what makes plants grow. Para. B 2 The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. Para. D 3 Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlight appear to gro