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1、精品_精品资料_学校英语句子基本结构汇总本章主要讲解两个方面： （1）句子得成分与基本句型. （ 2）句子得种类.一、句子得成分与基本句型1句子得成分主语+谓语=主题成分表语+宾语（直接 / 间接宾语） +宾语补足语 +定语+状语 = 次要部分主语 subject主语就是谓语叙述得对象, 表示所说得“就是什么”或“就是谁”. 一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词得词或短语来充当.它在句首.We study in NO 、 1 Middle School（ we 就是主语,我们在一中上学. ）The classroom is very clean（ The classroom就是主语,这个教室很
2、洁净. ）Three students were absent（ Three students就是主语,三个同学缺席. ）To teach them English is my job、（ To teach them English就是主语,教她们英语就是我得工作）It is my job to teach them English、（此句为特别句式, it作形式主语, 真正得主语就是 to teach them English ） 谓语 predicate说明主语“做什么”、“就是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语 谓语部分里主要得词 必需用动词.谓语与主语在人称与数两方面必需一样,它在主语后面. H
3、is parents are doctors她得父母就是医生. She looks well她瞧起来不错. We study hard 我们学习很刻苦. We have finished reading the book我们已经读完了这本书. He can speak English她可以说英语. 表语 predicative表语说明主语“就是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词得词或短语来担任.它得位置在系动词后面.You look younger than before您瞧起来比以前更年轻了.I a
4、m a teacher我就是个老师.Every body is here. 全部得人都在这.They are at home now她们现在在家.My job is to teach them English我得工作就是教她们英语. 宾语 object宾语就是动作、行为得对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词得词、短语来担任,它与及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后.She is playing the piano now她现在正在弹钢琴.He often helps me 她常常帮忙我.He likes to sleep in the open air她喜爱在室外睡觉.We enjoy l
5、iving in China我们喜爱在中国生活. 宾语补足语 object complement宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语得特点、状态等情形进行补充说明,这个词或短语叫做宾宾语补足语. 它与前面得宾语一起形成 “复合宾语” 它可以就是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等.“宾语+宾语补足语” = 复合宾语. Leave the door open、 （open 就是 door 得宾补）让门开着. We found Li Ming out when we arrived、 （副词 out ,就是李明得宾补） 当我们到达得时候发觉李明出去了. Make yourself a
6、t home、 （at home 副词短语做 yourself得宾补）别拘谨,任凭.就像在自己家一样. I saw a strangerenter the building、（enterthe building做 a stranger得宾补）我看见一个生疏人进入了大楼. The boss kept them working all day、 （ working all day做 them 得宾补）老板让她们一成天都在工作.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_. Yesterday he got his leg broken、 （ broken 做 his leg得宾补）昨天她得腿受
7、伤了. 状语 adverbial状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.它表示行为发生得时间、的点、目得、方式程度等意义,一般放在句末,但有得可以放在句首、句中.He did it carefully她仔细得做这件事.Without his help,we couldn t work it out没有她得帮忙,我们不能完成这件事.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard为了赶上我得同班同学,我必需努力学习. 定语 attributive定语用来修饰名词或代词, 凡就是出名词、 代词得的方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介
8、词短语,不定式或相当于形容词得词或短语等都可以担 任定语.The black bike is mine（形容词 black 修饰名词 bike ）这个黑色得自行车就是我得.What is your name.（形容词性物主代词 your 修饰名词 name）您叫什么名字？ They made paper flowers、（名词 paper 修饰名词 flowers ）她们制备纸花.The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One、（介词短语 in the room修饰名词 boys）这个房间里得男孩们在一年级三班.I have somethin
9、g to do、（动词不定式 to do修饰名词 something ）我有一些事要做.基本句型 第 1 种句型 S+V （主语+谓语） 主语谓语（不及物动词）. Class begins、 （class 主语,动词 begins 做谓语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_. We begin our class at 8、（we做主语, begin 做谓语） 第 2 种句型 S+V+O主语谓语（及物动词） +宾语. My father read the book、（ my father做主语, read 做谓语, the book做宾语） 我爸爸读书. She likes En
10、glish、（ She做主语, likes做谓语, English做宾语）. I know him very well、（ I 做主语, know做谓语, him 做宾语）我很明白她. He stopped writing、 （he 做主语, stopped 做谓语, writing做宾语）. You must listen to me、（you 做主语, must listen to做谓语, me做宾语）您必需听我得.第 3 种句型 S+V+P主语+系动词 +表语. He became a scientist、（ He做主语, became做系动词,名词短语 a scientist做表语）.
11、她成为了一个科学家. They are honest、（ They 做主语, are 就是系动词,形容词 honest 就是表语）她们就是忠诚得.They are at home now、（ They就是主语, are 就是系动词,介词短语 at home就是表语）她们现在在家.My job is to teach them English、（My job 就是主语, is 就是系动词, 动词不定式 to teach them English就是表语） 我得工作就是教她们英语.在句子中常常作为系动词得动词有keep looksmellsound taste feel可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎
12、下载精品_精品资料_growgetgoturn第 4 种句型 S+V+IO+DO主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语就是及物动词得直接对象间接宾语表示动作就是对谁做得,或就是为谁做得双宾语 : 直接宾语 表示动作结果 与间接宾语 动作目标 He gaveToma present、 （ he 就是主语, gave 就是谓语, Tom就是间接宾语, a present就是直接宾语）Giveit to me、 （give 就是谓语, it就是直接宾语, me就是间接宾语）必背： p、7间接宾语在后面时 ,其前必需加 to “给” 或 for 给 、 “替” 、 “为” 直接宾语与间接宾语得使
13、用间+直当直接宾语就是人称代词时,为了强调间接宾语,直+间我把它递给我妈妈. I passed it to my mother、 （it就是直接宾语, my mother 就是间接宾语）她把它们扔给我. She threw them to me、 （ them就是直接宾语, me就是间接宾语） 我为她找到余外得书 / 票. I found spare books/tickets for him、 （spare books就是直接宾语,him 就是间接宾语）“疑问词 +不定式” 作直接宾语她教我如何读这个单词. He taught mehow to read the word、（me就是间接宾语
14、, how to read the word就是直接宾语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_我告知她做什么. I told him what to do、（him 就是间接宾语, what to do就是直接宾语） 她问我为什么唱这支歌. He asked mewhy to sing thissong、（me就是间接宾语, why to sing this song 就是直接宾语）她问我走哪条路. She asked me which way to go、（me 就是间接宾语, which way to go就是直接宾语）第 5 种句型 S+V+O+OC主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾
15、语补足语call, name,make,think ,and,leave 她们使她幸福. They made her happy 、（ They 就是主语, made就是谓语, her 就是宾语,happy 就是宾补） 我们叫她康妮. Wecallher Connie、（ we就是主语, call就是谓语, her 就是宾语, Connie就是宾补）我觉得这部电影很有意思. I found the movie interesting（ I 就是主语, found 就是谓语, the movie就是宾语, interesting就是宾补） 她让这个窗户开着. He left the window
16、 open（He 就是主语, left就是谓语, the Window 就是宾语, open 就是宾补）我看见她跳舞了. I saw her dance、（I 就是主语, saw 就是谓语, her 就是宾语, dance 就是宾补）第 4 种句型与第 5 种句型可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（双宾语与复合宾语）得比较第 4 种句型变为被动语态,有两种情形：. We sent them a telegram、 我们给她们发了个电报.They were sent a telegram、A telegram was sent to them、第 5 种句型变为被动语态时,只有一种
17、句式. I will make you king、You will be made king、. He gave me a book 、. He calls me Tom 、宾语+宾语补足语可以形成规律上得主谓关系,即“我就是汤姆.间接宾语与直接宾语不存在规律上得主谓关系,即不能想像为“我就是一本书”.1 用所给得单词组成句子1、to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, theI want to take the heavy box to the room、2、look, things, the, after, boys, their, mus
18、t The boys must look after their things、3、here, all, are, youYou are all here、4、today, who, duty, is, on Who is on duty today.5、Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese Miss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago 、6、is, rice, bag, in, there, much, theThere is much rice in the bag 、.2 依据中文提示,完成
19、以下句子1、Have you ever been to最远得小岛 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2、We must保持清洁 our classroom、3、Theyand每两小时, 必需坐下休息 two hours、4、After work he always感到有点儿累 、5、There is有点儿毛病 with Lindas cats eyes、6、I can see没有反常之物 in the tree、7、Mr、 Fang is去拜访 his aunt、二、句子得种类1、陈述句凡就是说明一件事情,提出一个瞧法,或就是表达一种心情得句子有确定式与否定式.句末用句号“”,
20、通常用降调 否定结构应留意事项A、使用 not 得部分否定假如使用了 very ,always 以及 all , both , every 及 every 得复合词. Idontplay football well、. Idontplay football very well、. Itisn talways hot here in summer、B、not 得其她否定表示a not at all一点也不我一点儿也不累.I m not tired at all、我一点儿也不喜爱它. Idontlike it at all、b not any more, notany longer再也不 我再也不
21、在这儿住了. I do n tlive here any longer、我再也不能多吃了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_. I can not eat any more、=I can eat no more、2、祈使句表示恳求、命令、建议等.谓语动词一律用原形.通常不用主语,句末用赞叹号或句号,用降调.1 含有其次人称主语得祈使句A、确定式：动词原形（省主语）. Stand up 、. Be quiet, please、. Do study hard、. Li Ming, come here. Come here, Li Ming含有第一、三人称主语得祈使句A、确定得祈使句L
22、et 第一人称（ me, us ）Let 第三人称代词（ him/her/it/them）或名词 咱们立刻动身吧. Let s go at once. Let sgo,shall/shan t we.、. Let us go,will/won t you . Yes, lets/No, lets not 、. Let me try again. Let Tom go there himselfB、否定得祈使句Let s us, me not 动词原形Dont let第三人称代词得宾格或名词动词原形. Let s notsay anything about it可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精
23、品_精品资料_. Don t let themplay with fireLet them not play with fire、3、感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等剧烈感情.分为两种：一种以what 引导,一种以 how引导.句尾用感叹号“；”.用降调. what 引导得感叹句： What+名词（或形容词名词）陈述句（主语谓语）； 她就是个 多么诚恳得人啊 . What an honest man he is. 这些就是 多么大得苹果啊 . What big apples these are.多么好得天气啊 . What fine weather it is.2 how 引导得感叹句： How+形
24、容词或副词陈述句（主语谓语） +；今日天气多热阿；How hot it is today.那凤筝飞得多么高啊 . How high the kite is flying. 她跑得多快啊；How fast he runs.多么诚恳得人啊； How honest the man is. 我多想当个老师阿 1How I want to be a teacher；1 按要求改写以下句子1、 There isnt any milk in the bottle、2Take the chair to the door 改为否定句 1There is some milk in the bottle 改为否定句
25、 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2、 Dont take the chair to the door、3He did the housework yesterday 改为否定句 3 、 He didnt do the housework yesterday、4The ship is big 改为感叹句 4 、 How big the ship is./What a big ship it is. 5He does well in maths 改为否定句 5、 He doesnt do well in maths 、6They can put the bag in the bo
26、x 改为否定句 6 、 They cannot put the bag in the box、 7Give him a bottle of milk 改为否定句 7、 Dont give him a bottle of milk、8He had done with the goods before he went away 改为否定句 8、 He hadnt done with the goods before he went away、9These people are very brave 改为感叹句 9、 How brave these people are./What brave pe
27、ople they are. 10Tom has strong arms 改为 What引导得感叹句 10、 What strong arms Tom has.11This film is very good 改为 How引导得感叹句 11、 How good the film is.12I want to be a doctor 改为感叹句 12、 How I want to be a doctor.13There was something wrong with the radio 改为否定句 13、 There was nothing wrong with the radio、or: T
28、here wasnt anything wrong with the radio、14You must be kind to the other people 改为祈使句 14 、 Be kind to the other people./Do be kind to the other people. 15You mustnt eat lunch now 改为祈使句 15、 Dont eat lunch now.16Shall we play tennis after school.改为祈使句 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_16、 Lets play tennis after
29、 school、17How cold it is today.改为确定陈述句 17、 It is very cold today、18I think he will come 改为否定句 18、 I dont think he will come、19. He works very hard 改为 HOW引导得感叹句 19、 How hard he works.20. Lets go to see them 改为否定句 20、 Lets not go to see them、2 汉译英1. 父亲很可怜,她几乎不会写她得名字.1、 His father is poor、 He can hardly write his name、2. 我很少瞧报纸,我不知道每天都发生什么事.2、 Iseldom read newspapers、 I dont knowwhat has happened /happens every day 、3. 我得父亲并非每天早上都到办公室去.3、 My father does not go to his office every morning、4. 好难得工作吖；4、 What a difficult job. 5她跳得真高；5、 How high he jumps.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载