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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （一）情态动词常考点名师精编欢迎下载很可能,大致不会,不该会 吗？will （一）表才能（理论的）would 可能性比 will 小语气比 won t 弱语气比 will 弱can be able to表示现在的才能should 说话者有较大的摸索性/ / 说话者有较大的摸索性will be able to：表示将来的才能ought to （含义同 should）/ / could was/ were able to表示过去的才能can / 不行能有可能吗？could have + 过去分词：表示过去有才能做但未做could 可疑的可能不行能语
2、气比 can 弱如： I am starving to death ；I can eat two bowls of rice now ；（现在的才能）我快饿死了,现在我能吃两碗米饭；may 或许,或许,也未可知,可能不/ If you have a good sleep ,you will be able to work out this problem ；也说不定（将来的才能）假如你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题；might 比 may 仍弱比 may not 仍弱/ The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone wa
3、s able to get out；（2）表示详细事情实际发生的可能性时,may,must 常用于确定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示（过去有才能做并且胜利的做了某事）尽管这场大火快速扩散到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都能够逃出“ 可能不” ）； can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑问、惊奇或不信任等意思；could 既可用于确定句,去；又可用于否定句、疑问句中；如：I could have worked out the problem ,but I didn t；This can t/ couldn t be done by him；（表不信任）（过去有才能做但未做）我
4、原来可以解决这个问题,但没有解决；这不行能是他做的；（二）表估计（可能性）This may not be done by him；（表不确定）1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和详细事情实际发生的可能性两种；所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具这可能不是他做的；体某事是否会发生,此种用法经常可以说明人或事物的特点；情态动词 can 可用于确定句中表示客观的He could be on his way home now ；（could 不如 may/ might 常用）可能性,而表示详细事情实际发生的可能性时,can 一般不用于确定句；如：他现在可能在回家的路上；Accident can happe
5、n on such rainy days；Can this be done by him ？（表示疑问、惊奇）这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故；（客观的可能性）这可能是他做的吗？Peter may come with us tonight ,but he isn t sure yet；Mr. Bush is on time for everything ；How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ？（表示疑问、 惊奇）彼得今晚可能和我们来,但他仍没确定；（实际可能性,不用can）疑问式布什先生做每件事都很按时；他怎么可能在开幕
6、仪式上迟到呢？should 也2.表示详细事情实际发生的可能性：否定式I didn t hear the phone；I must have been asleep；（表确定）我没听到电话；我确定已经睡着了；（1）表示详细事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较3.would,could ,might 并不肯定与过去时间有关,而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式；另外词形确定式must 必定,必定/ / 不肯定与过去时间有关；如：This may/ might be done by him ；（后者比前者语气弱）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - -
7、 - - - - - 这件事有可能是他干的；名师精编欢迎下载；表示现在或将来必需做某事用“must + 动词原形” ；表示现在或将来1.must 常用来表示必要性,意为“ 必需”4. should/ ought to 表估计时,表示说话者有较大的摸索性；如：不必做某事时,用 don t have to do sth. 或 don t need to do sth. 或 needn t do sth.；表示过去没必要做某事时,分为He ought to/ should be here on timehe started early enough；以下情形： 当表示过去没必要做某事,但事实上却做了
8、, 用 needn t have done sth.；当表示过去没必要做某事,他应当按时到这里他动身的够早的；而不涉及是否已经做了,可用 didnt have to do sth. 或 didn t need to do sth. 或 It was not necessary to do sth.等；如：We should arrive before dark ；You needn t have worded that late last night ；It was harmful to your health ；我们按说能在天黑前到达；你昨晚本不必工作到那么晚,那对你的身体不好；The ro
9、ads should be less crowded today；Did you work very late last night ？今日路上应当不至于那么拥挤了；No, I didn t；I didn t need to work very late ；（三）表恳求、答应、承诺您昨天晚上工作到很晚了吗？1. 当对方是决策者时,你代表你（们）自己（I,we）或代表第三者（he,she,they）向对方（ you）请示或提不是很晚,我没必要工作到很晚；出建议时用： Shall I （ we） ？ Shall he/ she/ they ？ Would/ Will you ？如：2. shoul
10、d 也可以表示必要性,意为“ （义务上） 应当” ；should 表必要性时, 在语气上比 must（必需） 弱；“should Shall we begin our class？+ 动词原形” 表示现在或将来应当做某事（的必要性）；“ should + have + 过去分词” 表示过去本该做某事（的必Shall the driver wait outside ？要性）；如：When shall my father be able to leave hospital？I should go and visit him this afternoon , but I wonder if I wi
11、ll be free；Would you do me a favor ？今日下午我应当去探望他,但我不知道我是否有空；（表示将来的必要性）2. could/ might/ would/ should 表委婉语气的功能；如：You should have come to the conference yesterday；What was the reason for your absence？Could/ Might I use your bike tomorrow morning ？你昨天应当参与那个会议；你缺席的缘由的是什么？（表示过去的必要性）名师归纳总结 Yes, you can/ ma
12、y；（否定： No,I m afraid not ；）（五）“ 情态动词+ have done” 用法一览表例句第 2 页,共 6 页不行以说, Yes,you could/ might ；回答答应时,用could/ might 表委婉是不恰当的；如：（六）意义Could I borrow your dictionary ？情态动词+ 完成式Yes, of course you can；must have done “ 想必 /准是 /肯定做了某事”,It must have rained last night ,for 3.当你自己（ I）是决策者, 给对方 （you）或第三者（ he,sh
13、e,they）以命令、警告、承诺或威逼时,要用 shall；the road is quite muddy ；否定式为can t/ couldn t have 此外,当宣布法律、规定时,也要用shall；如：The lights were off ；They must have You shall leave the room at once,and he also shall；（= I order you and him to leave the room at once ；）can/ could have done done been asleep；你立刻给我滚出去！他也一样；（说话者的意
14、志）“ 原来能够 ”Can he have gone to his aunt s？It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected ；You could have come 5 minutes 通知称在全部试卷收上来之前,应试者必需留在座位那里；（规章或规定）“ 过去可能会 ”earlier；（四）表必要性can/ could not have “ 过去不行能 ”I saw Mr. Wang just now ； He - - -
15、- - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - done “ 过去没能 ”couldn t have gone to Beijng ；名师精编欢迎下载extra hours to finish a report ；名师归纳总结 may/ might have “ 或许 /或许已经 ”；一般只Its too late；I think he may have （七）情态动词其他用法要点第 3 页,共 6 页用于确定句和否定句中 （在否定1.cannot but + do sth.表示“ 不得不,只好”；如：gone to bed；句中表示 “ 可能不” ）,不用于疑He may n
16、ot have finishedthe I cannot but choose to go；done 问句；用 might 就表示语气更加work ；我只好去；should/ ought to have 不愿定；She might have caught a cold；2.may well 和 may as well 结构You should have come to the （1）“ may well + 动词原形” 是一种常用结构,意为“ 完全能,很可能”,相当于 to be very likely to ；如：He may well be proud of his son ；meetin
17、g earlier；“ 本该做某事,而实际上未做”done You ought to have done this 他大可为儿子感到骄傲；shouldn t/ ought not “ 本不该做而做了某事”exercise more carefully ；Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her；You shouldn t have told her the 她的模样变化太大,你很可能认不出她了；to have done truth；（2）“ may/ might as well + 动词原形”意
18、为“ 最好, 满可以, 倒不如” ,相当于 had better 或 to have no strong reason needn t have done 表示“ 做了原来不必去做的事”；You needn t have taken a taxi here,not to；如：留意：didn t need to do 表示“ 没You may as well do it at once；for it was very near to my house ；必要做并且实际上也没有做某你最好立刻就做这件事；I didn t need to clean the windows ；had better h
19、ave done 事” ；My brother did it ；You may as well stay where we are；我们留在现在的地方倒也不错；用于事后的建议, 含稍微批判的Youhad better have started3.can not（或 never）等否定词与enough 连用表示“ 再 也不为过”；详细用法见形容词、副词专题；口吻,意为“ 要是当时做了某事earlier；就好了” ,其否定式had better You had better not have scolded 4.may 可以用于祈使句,表示希望；如：would rather have not ha
20、ve done 表达相反的含义；her；May we never forget each other ；愿我们彼此永不相忘；Iwould rather have takenhis 表示“ 宁愿当时做某事”,其否May you return in safety ；advice；定式 would rather not have done愿你平安归来；表达相反的含义,两者都表示I raised objections at the meeting ,but done now I would rather not have done 5.Why/ How + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能懂得、
21、感到意外、惊奇等,意为“ 竟会”；如：“ 懊悔” 之意；Why should you be so late today？that；would like/ love to 表示过去情愿做某事,但未做I would love to have gone to the 你今日来的怎么这么晚？have done 成；party last night but I had to work How should I know ？我怎么会知道？（意为：我不知道；）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6.must 表示“ 偏要、硬要” 做某事；如：名师精编欢迎下载He di
22、dn t dare（to）do that；名师归纳总结 How old are you , madam？（行为动词）他不敢那么做；第 4 页,共 6 页If you must know ,I m twice my son s age；He dared not do it ；夫人,您多大了？（情态动词）他不敢做它；假如你硬要知道的话,我是我儿子年龄的两倍；留意： need 作行为动词时,仍可表示“ 需要”,后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义（详见“ 非谓语动词专7.may 作“ 可以” 讲时,其否定式常用“mustn t” 表示“ 禁止”；must 作“ 必需” 讲时,其否定式是“needn t”
23、 ,题” ）；如：表示“ 不必”；如：The floor needs sweeping；May I use your car？这地需要打扫了；No,you mustn t；易错学问总结我可以使用你的车吗？（一）易混点归纳不,不行；（一）“ 情态动词+ have done” 结构的用法区分（委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry,but I am using it now ；或 You d better not；等）“ 情态动词+ have done” 这一考点,主要涉及以下几个结构：Must I work out the problem tonight ？1.can（could）/ may（might ）
24、 / must + have done 多用来对过去发生的情形作出语气强弱不同的估计；详细使用No,you needn t；时请留意以下几点：我今晚必需算出这道题吗？（1）can 表估计,一般用于疑问句和否定句,极少用于确定句；如：不,你不必；Can she have gone to school？8.need 和 dare 的用法No,she can t have gone to school；I saw her just now ；need 和 dare 两者既可用作情态动词也可用作行为动词；作行为动词时,有人称和数的变化,可用于确定句、（2）may 表估计,一般不用于疑问句；疑问句中该用
25、can,could 或 might ；如：否定句或疑问句中,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do,does,did；作情态动词时, 没有人称和数的变化（dareHow could he have forgotten such an important thing ？（不用may）可以有过去式dared）,直接跟动词原形,只用于否定句和疑问句中,构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词；Might you have met him somewhere？（不用may）另外, dare 作情态动词时,仍可用于条件句中,过去式为dared；作行为动词时,dare 用于疑问句或否定句,（3）must 表估计,一般不
26、用于否定句；否定句中应用can 或 could；如：后面的 to 也可省略； I dare say 是习惯说法,意为“ 我想,大致”；如：误： We mustn t have met before；He needn t do that；正： We can t have met before；（情态动词）他不必那么做；（4）表估计时 could,may,might 用于确定句语气较弱；must 用于确定句语气很强；may,might 用于否定句He doesn t need to do it；语气较弱； can,could 用于否定句语气很强；如：（行为动词）他不必做它；He could/ ma
27、y/ might have gone to school；I didn t know whether he dared say that to him；他可能上学去了；（情态动词,有时态变化）我不知道他是否敢对他说那个；He must have gone to school；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他确定是上学去了；名师精编欢迎下载你不行能在对我们讲真话；2.He may/ might not have gone to school；,在否定句中表示“ 已做了不该做的事”；2.Can he be still thinking of what
28、I told him ？他或许没去上学；他会不会仍在考虑我告知他的那件事呢？He can t/ couldn t have gone to school；may 后面接进行时表示可能正在发生的动作；如：他确定没去上学；Your mother may be waiting for you to return home ；should/ ought to + have done 在确定句中表示“ 该做的事情没有做”你妈妈可能正等着你回家呢；通常用来表示一种义务、自责或提出委婉的批判；如：She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day ；3.
29、You should/ ought to have come here earlier；3.她或许明天或者什么时候会动身去纽约；You shouldn t/ ought not to have told her the news；They may be returning before Christmas；I should have done my homework last night ,but I watched TV instead ；他们可能圣诞节前回来；needn t + have done 可用来表示“ 已做了不必做的事”；如：might 后面接进行时表示可能正在发生的动作；如：T
30、here is no school today ；You needn t have come；They might be planning to make a loan for their new project ；4.could + have done 可用来表示没做某事的遗憾；如：4.他们或许在为他们的新项目方案贷款的事；She came here on foot,but she could have come by bus；She might still be crying for being wronged ；5.could/ might + have done 也可用来表示委婉的批判
31、；如：她或许由于受了冤枉仍在哭；You could have come 5 minutes earlier；You might be telling me a lie；You might at least have written me a letter；你或许在对我撒谎；6.在反义疑问句中,表估计的情态动词不显现在简短问句部分；句中有过去时间状语的,问句部分用过去时,must 后面接进行时表示想必正在做某事；如：否就,用现在完成时；如：You must be thinking where I learned it ；He must have been there yesterday,wasn
32、 t he？你肯定在想我是从哪儿知道这件事的；He must have been there,hasn t he？They must be following us just a little behind us ；He must have been there yesterday,was he？他们确定在离我们不远的地方跟随着我们；He must have been there,has he？My brother must be sleeping in bed for it s so quite in the house；（二）情态动词后面接进行时的情形5.家里这么寂静,我弟弟肯定在床上睡觉
33、；1.can 后面接进行时表示可能正在发生的动作；如：should 后面接进行时表示应当正在做某事；如：What can she be doing at this moment？You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV ；这个时候她会在做什么呢？现在你应当在做作业而不是看电视；You can t be telling us the truth；You shouldn t be thinking about the solution only in one way ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 欢迎下载你不应当只用一种方法考虑解决问题；Why should I be waiting here without doing anything ？我凭什么在这儿白等？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页