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1、名师精编欢迎下载2016 高考专题之情态动词一、 基础提高一、常见的情态动词有：can 能may 可以will，would （表意愿）need 需要dare 敢must 必须have to 不得不shall，should 应该（表义务）ought to 应该1.can ，could 的用法1.1 表能力，有“能”、 “会” 、 “能够”的意思例如：Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗？-Yes, I can. 我会。-No, I cant. 我不会。1.2 表允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以”的意思例如：Can I use your bike?我可以用你的自行车吗？1.3 表
2、示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句例如：Can it be true?那会是真的吗？Today is Sunday. He cant be at school.今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里。1.4 过去式 could 表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如：Could I come to see you tomorrow?明天我可以来见你吗？1.5 can 和 be able to 的比较1) can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态(could) ，其他时态要用 be able to 的形式例如：I havent been able to get in touch with her.我一直没能和她联系
3、上。2) 通常 can 和 be able to 可以互换例如：He will come if he can. 如果可能的话， 他一定会来。2.may ，might 的用法2.1 表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：You may go now.你可以走了。May I use your computer?我用一下你的电脑可以吗？2.2 回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法：例如： May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？-Yes, you may. -Yes, please. -No, you cant. -No, you mustnt. -No, youd
4、better not. 2.3 表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句例如： You may be right.你可能是对的。2.4 过去式 might 表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如： Might I use your pen for a while?我能用用你的钢笔吗？2.5 在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可，但 can较随便， may 更正式例如：Can I use your bike, John?约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗？May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗3.must 的用法3.1 表义务， “必
5、须”例如： You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。3.2 在否定结构中表不许、禁止例如：You mustnt leave here.你不能离开这儿。3.3 表坚定的建议例如：You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.一到上海你就得马上来见我们。3.4 表推测，暗含有很大的可能性例如： He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。注意may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。3.5 关于
6、 must 的简短回答：例如： Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？-Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. -No, you dont have to. 4.have to 的用法have to 虽属于情态动词，但它有人称、数的变化，它的疑问句否定句的构成也和其他情态动词有所不同。4.1 have to 表客观的需要和义务， must 表主观认识例如： I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。4.2 在疑问句和否定句中， have
7、 to 多用助动词 do构成， must 则直接提前或加 not。例如： Did he have to do it?他得做那件事吗？ He didnt have to do it.他不需要做那件精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页名师精编欢迎下载事。4.3 在否定句中， have to 表示不需要， must 表不允许。例如：You dont have to go there.你不需要去那儿。You mustnt go there?你不可去那儿。4.4 虽然 must 可以用在过去时态中， 但是 have to更能直接
8、了当的表达过去时间概念。例如：She must see Hubert that very night.她必须在那个晚上见到休伯特。I had to leave at six yesterday.我得在昨天 6 点离开。5.need 的用法need 既可用作情态动词，又可用作实义动词。作情态动词时，没有数和人称的变化，后接动词原形；作实义动词时， 有数的变化和人称的变化， 后接带to 的不定式。5.1 用于否定句，表“不必”例如：You neednt worry.你不必担心。I dont think you need worry.我想你不必担心。5.2 用于疑问句，表“需要吗”例如：Need y
9、ou go? 你得去吗？-No, I neednt. 不必。-Yes, I must. 是的，我必须去。5.3 need 用作实义动词时，要注意始终以实义动词的标准贯彻到底例如： （正确） Do you need to go there? （错误） Do you need go there? 6.will 和 would 的用法6.1 will，用于构成将来时是助动词。 用于表示“意志” “决心” “请求”是情态动词。 would 亦同理。例如：Hell be here this afternoon.今天下午他会来这儿。 （助动词）Will you tell her that Im here?
10、请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？（情态动词）6.2 用于各种人称，表示“意志” “决心” “允诺”例如：I will try.我愿一试。6.3 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问例如：If you want help ， let me know, will you?如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗？Will you type this, please?请打印这个，好吗？Wont you sit down?请坐下，好吗？6.4 would 比 will 客气委婉例如：Would you help us, please?请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求）Id go there with you.我要和你
11、一块到那儿去。（表意愿）Dad wouldnt allow it.爸爸不会允许这件事。（表许可）7.shall 和 should的用法7.1 shall 用于构成将来时是助动词，shall 用于征求对方的意见，表示“决心”是情态动词例如： Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时，助动词）Shall I turn on the light, Mom?妈妈，我把灯打开好吗？（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）I shall be there.我会到那儿去的。（表“决心”，情态动词）7.2 sh
12、ould 用于构成将来时是助动词。should 用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词例如： We thought we should never see you again.我们以为再也见不到你了。（构成一般过去将来时，助动词）I should write some letters tonight.今晚我得写几封信。 （表“应当”，情态动词）They should be there by now.他们现在可能到了。（表“猜测”，情态动词）8.ought to的用法ought to 表示应该、理应做什么例如： You ought to clean the classroom , for it is
13、 your turn today. 你应该把教室打扫了， 因为今天是你值日。9.情态动词表示“推测”的用法情态动词表示 “推测”时，要记住以下两种推测和形式推测：对过去发生动作或状态的推测；对现在状态的推测。两种形式：用情态动词加完成时态表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测；用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在发生动作或状态的推测。具体用法如下：9.1 must have done表示过去一定做了什么， 语气十分肯定例如： You must have finished your work.你一定完成了你的工作。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2
14、 页，共 5 页名师精编欢迎下载9.2 can t have done 表示过去不可能做了什么， 语气也比较肯定 (是上面的否定形式 ) 例如：He cant have gone to Beijing, for I had a talk with him just now. 他不可能去过北京，因为我刚和他交谈过。9.3 neednt have done 表示过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。例如：You neednt have come earlier. 你不需要来这么早的。9.4 should have done过去该做什么但没有做。 (含有责备的意思 )。例如：You should have
15、started earlier. 你本应该早点开始的。9.5 shouldn t have done 表示过去不该做什么但做了。(含有责备的意思 ) 例如：You shouldn t have helped him, he could do it himself. 你本不该帮助他的，他能自己做。9.6 ought to have done表示过去该做什么而没有做。(是职责和义务 ) 例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didn t.)你应该帮助他的。9.7 can/could do sth.表示对现在情况的猜测，常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例
16、如：This news can t be true. 这消息不可能是真的。9.8 may/might do sth. 表示对现在情况的猜测，常用于肯定句中。例 如 ： Mr.Wang may know Professor Li s telephone number. 王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。二、助动词的定义助动词和情态动词都是英语中特殊动词，即：不能再句子中独立充当句子成分。 而是与实义动词一起使用构成复合用语。常见的助动词有： be, have,do, shall, will, should, would. 它常配合主要动词，协助构成否定句，疑问句，强调句，时态，语态等语法形式。针对
17、性练习：1) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing A) neednt have washedB) shouldnt have washedC) must not have washedD) can not have washed 2) Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night. A) should study B) should have studiedC) must have studi
18、edD) must have to study 3) The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6) A) cant have beenB) shouldnt have beenC) mustnt have been D) wouldnt have been 4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts. A) must have sailedB) can sailC) might ha
19、ve sailedD) should have sailed 5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom. A) should have beenB) must have beenC) must beD) should be 6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind. A) cant have changedB) wouldnt have changed C) must have change
20、dD) shouldnt have changed 7) You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight. A) neednt goB) had better not goC) should not goD) neednt have gone 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页名师精编欢迎下载8) We_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive. A) must receiveB) ought
21、 to receiveC) must have receivedD) ought to have received 9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night. A) mustnt goB) shouldnt have gone C) could not goD) couldnt have gone 10) Eve was late for class again. She _earlier. A) should get upB) must get upC) need to get upD) should have go
22、t up 11) I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate. A) neednt have eaten B) couldnt have eaten C) mustnt have eaten D) shouldnt have eaten 12) I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _. A) had B) would doC) should have D) might have to 13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was
23、scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him. A) might have askedB) should askedC) must have asked D) should have asked 14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier. A) ought to getB) ought to have gotC) must have gotD) must get 15) The road was muddy. It_ last night. A)
24、 must rainedB) must have rainedC) must be rainedD) could have rained 高考练习之 情态动词1Hows your new babysitter? We _(not) ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. 。2 I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. 3I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? Dont
25、 worry. He _ not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. 4If you _ smoke, please go outside. 5 They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 6 If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. 7We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner. 8I
26、 _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 答案： cant 9 _ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. 10 Its quite warm here; we _(not) turn the heating on yet. 11I _(not) use a clock to wake 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
27、 - -第 4 页，共 5 页名师精编欢迎下载me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 12One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. 答案： shall 13He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. 14The children _(g
28、et) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. 15 What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert. 16Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. 17I _(enjoy) myself more it was a perfect day. 18 No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of gold. 19Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own. 20The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed. 词原形 ”。答案： would be 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页