《2022年高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非谓语动词概述非谓语动词, 主要指在主句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语,而是充当其他语法功能的词；非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但是有语态和时态的变化；非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词；名称形式用法不定式to do 表目的、将来动名词doing 表主动及现在分词done 表被动及过去这三个基本形式的基础上会有一些变化：1. 动词不定式时态 构成 被动形式一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing - 完成进行式 to
2、have been doing - 2. 动名词动名词 主动 被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 3. 分词动词不定式的用法1. 动词不定式的否定式not to She decided not to be late again. 2. 动词不定式的完成式完成式表示的动作或状态发生在位于动词表示的动作或状态之前；I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 留意 如谓语为表示“ 愿望、准备、意图” 的动词时,如hope, think, want, plan, expect, mean, int
3、end等,其后可以跟不定式的完成式表示“ 原来想要或准备做某事,而实际上未能实现”；如：We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing. 3. 在 It is/was + 形容词 +不定式的复合结构中,如形容词侧重于评判人物的特性、特点,就构成不定式符合结构的介词应为 of 前面常用的形容词有：kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, 名师
4、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - right, wrong 等； It is very kind of you to help me. 区分 It is important for us to learn English well. 4.在某些动词后,可用 it做形式宾语, 然后加宾语补足语,最终加不定式作真正的并于；常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等；They find it difficult to repay the money. 5.动词 +不定式作宾补persuade
5、, order, warn, remind ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, 6.order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等；只能用动词 +不定式作宾语口诀 决心学会想期望,拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选方案,同意恳求帮一帮； decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/with refuse, manage, care, pretend order, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help 7. 在使役
6、动词 make, have, let 和感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等词后接不定式作宾补,不定式不带 to ,表示做某事的全过程；当他们转换成被动语态时,作为主语补足语的不定式必需带 to （五看三使两听一感觉一发觉）Nobody saw him come in. She was seen to enter the room last night. 留意get 也能当使役动词,表示“ 使、让、叫” 之意,相当于have,但两者也有所不同；have sb. do sth.get sb to do
7、 sth. 使/ 让/ 叫某人去做某事have sth. done = get sth. done 使/ 让某事由别人去做have sb./sth. doing 使/ 让某人 / 物连续地做某 事 get sb./ sth.dong 使某人 / 物开头行动起来 Youd better have/get your hair cut. He managed to get the horse running. 8.在动词 help 后,做宾补和宾语的不定式符号to 带不带都可以；如; He helped her walk across the street. He often helps do so
8、me housework at home. 9.think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove等动词的英语后可与带to be结构,也可与省略；另外, 这些动假如不定式的动作发生在位于动词以前,常用不定式的完成式；词也常用作被动语态后接不定式作主补； He found the answer to be satisfactory. We considered him to have acted excellently. 名师归纳总结 10.当名词被 first, last, second以及 only 等词修饰时,其后可用
9、不定式作定语；第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 且充当定语的不定式不含有将来意义或情态意义,却常常含有过去时意义；She was the first to come. 11.在以下固定词组或短语之后要跟不带to 的不定式had betterhad best would rather than would sooner than cannot help but cannot but cannot choose but. may/might as welldo no more than12. wh- 连接代词、副词后跟不定式构成的短语
10、,可在句子中做主语、宾语、表语,仍 可以做定语； （why 和 if 后不能直接跟动词不定式）它的作用相当于一个名词性从句,通常在某些动词 learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand 时也用作主语、表语、同位语等；如：He didn t know how to answer her.When to start has not been decided. I don t know who to ask advice from.Would you please advise me which to buy. 如 tell, know
11、, imagine, 等 后面做宾语,有Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it. They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect. 留意：按英语习惯,疑问词 why 后面通常不接不定式；但在以 why 或 why not 开头的省略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带 to 的不定式；如：Why get upset just because you got a bad mark. You are looking tired. Why not take a holiday. When
12、 to start has not been decided. 13. like （would like）, love（would love）, hope, hate, need, try, want, wish, plan, mean 等动词后used to, be going to 结构后 + to,代替整个不定式内容；be glad, be willing, be happy 等词语后 - Would you like to go to the cinema. - I d love to. 14. 在介词 but, except, besides, than, save 等表示“ 除了
13、” 之意的词前,如有实义动词 do 时,常用无 to 的不定式作其介词的宾语,如无实义动词 do,就用带 to 的动词不定式；He was not able to do anything but/except wait. He had no choice but to give in. 15. 评论性动词不定式有些不定式常用来表示说话人对所谈的内容的态度和看法,即对句内容的评名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 论,故称为评论性动词不定式,也称独立不定式；综合： so to speak 可以说,可谓 to be exac
14、t 精确地说to be sure 无可否认,诚然 to make thingsmatters worse The dog is, so to speak, a member of the family. Hes in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact. 表真诚： to be fair to be perfectly frank to be honest to do sb justice to tell you the truth 表总结： to be brief to conclude to cut/make a long story s
15、hort to sum up 表让步 : not to mention to say nothing of to put it mildly to put it another way to say the least 不夸张的说 表次序： to begin with to start with 16.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义并且不定式的规律主语就是句子的1不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系,主语； I have two letters to answer. 2有些结构中, 不定式表达被动意义,却用主动形式, 由于可以在句子中找到不定式这个动作的发出者； Give her some bo
16、oks to read. Would you bring me a bench to sit on. The morning air is so good to breathe. 留意：用做定语的不定式为“ 动词+介词” 时,介词不能省略；如： a piece of paper to write on a nice place to live in 3 某些动词的不定式与be 连用时,常见的有to blame ,to rent等；如：The house is to rent. He is to blame for not driving carefully. 17.动名词的用法1.动名词的否定
17、式 not+ 动名词2.动名词的完成式完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He was praised for having done a good deed. 3.动词 +介词构成的短语,其后跟动名词做宾语look forward to be/get used to 4.feel like succeed in insist on get down to devote to set about put off give up 只能用动名词做宾语的动词口诀 ：考虑建议盼原谅
18、,承认推迟没得想；防止错过连续练,否认完成就观赏；禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡； consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape 5. 可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能a waiting car
19、a waiting room a sleeping boy a sleeping bag 6. 动名词的复合结构由形容词性的物主代词/ 名词全部格 +动名词构 =动名词的复合结构,在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等；物主代词和名词全部格是动名词的规律主语；Do you mind my/me smoking here. I insisted on my husband/husbands paying the bill. 1 在口语和非正式英语中,这种结构不用在句首,常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用米歌词一般格代指全部格；如 : There are many reasons for animals d
20、ying out. 2 假如动名词的复合结构在句首,就必需用形容词性的物主代词或名词全部格；如：His smoking caused the fire in the forest. 3 there be 的动名词的复合结构为 there being 如：Whats the chance of there being a rain tomorrow. 7. 动名词做主语的句型 a waste of It is/was nolittle good /use + -ing hardly any good/use worthwhile /worth ones while no way no sense
21、 in There is/was no point in + -ing no use/good in nothing worse than 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. 动词 +不定式或动名词后意义差别大的：try to do doing remember/ forget/ regret to do doing mean to do doing cant help to do cant help doing be afraid to do be afraid of doing be sure to do b
22、e sure of doing 9.need, want, require做需要讲的时候,用动名词表示被动意义,也可用不定式的被动式 The gate needs/wants/requires mending. = to be mended. 分词的用法 1. 分词的独立主格结构一般说来, 分词在句中都有其规律主语,分词做状语时, 其规律主语通常就是 主句的主语或宾语；假如分词的规律主语不在句中,就分词前可加上其自己的规律 主语, 由名词或代词主格充当,置于分词前, 这种结构称为分词独立主格结构；它不是句子, 由于没有实际的主语和谓语；它可以放于句首或句尾,做时间状语、原 因状语、条件状语、方
23、式状语等；The meeting being over, they went home. There being no bus then, he had to walk home. 1表示相伴情形、缘由等的分词独立主格结构前有时可以加上without或 with构成“with/without+名词（或代词）+分词” 结构,如：With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries. He kept the money without anyone knowing where it was. 2独立主格结构也可以由“ 名词（或代词）+不定式 /
24、 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语”构成；Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. He came into the classroom, book in hand. 2.分词做状语修饰谓语, 大多说明动作发生的背景或情形,表示时间、过去分词常用作状语,条件、缘由、相伴情形等；一般说来,这一结构的规律主语是主句的主语；Asked why he was late, he went red. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
25、Given more time, we could have done it better. 3. 分词做状语与独立主格结构（悬垂结构）做状语的区分 分词与独立主格均可作状语；但分词做状语时, 它的规律主语就是句子的主语；而独立主格结构做状语时,前面的名（代） 词就是这个结构的规律上的主语,它和 句子的主语不保持一样性；如：Seen from the sky, the mountain is very small. Everything considered, I prefer the first plan. 4.英语中有一部分分词短语,它独立存在, 没有自己的规律主语；这些分词短语已成为固定
26、的习惯用语,常被看做句子的插入语,常见的有：generally speaking strictlyhonestly/frankly/roughly/broadly speaking consideringjudging from/bytalking all/everything into consideration 5. 现在分词和过去分词的区分 1 语态上不同 现在分词表主动,所修饰的人或物时分词动作的执行者；过去分词表示被动,所修饰的人或物时分词动作的承担者；如：I heard someone closing the door. I heard the door closed. 2 时间上
27、不同 现在分词表正进行,过去分词表完成的动作；如：falling leaves fallen leaves 3 特别分词的分词用法 其现在分词表示主动意义,即“ 令人有 英语中和许多与感觉有关的及物动词,某种感觉” ；过去分词含有被动意义,即“ 人被引起某种感觉”；如：moving moved disappointing - disappointed exciting excited surprising surprised 有些及物动词的过去分词表示被动意味并不强,果；如：它主要表示的是一种状态或结I found him seated at the back of the classroom
28、. = I found him sitting Lose in the forest, he had to find his way out first. 6.have sb. do sth/get sb. to do sth. 使/ 让/ 叫某人去做某事have sth. done.= get sth. done have sb./sth. doing 使 / 让某人 / 物连续地做某事get sb./sth. doing 使某人 / 物开头行动起来The teacher had us read/ got us to read the text aloud. Youd better have/get your hair cut. He managed to get the horse running. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页