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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 时态1. 一般现在时形式：do does （单数第三人称）意义：一般现在时表示客观的、普遍性的真理以及常常性的事 件；用法： A 表示现在发生的动作、情形、状态和特点； B 常常性、习惯性动作；e.g. ：He always helps others. He often goes to the gym. （他总是帮忙别人；）C 客观事实和普遍真理；特殊要留意,假如前后文不是一般现在时,就无法保持主句、从句时态一样； e.g.: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Knowledge i
2、s power. 这一用法场合一些表动作频率的时间副词连用： 1. 表示确定的频率副词：always, frequently, usually, sometimes, generally, occasionally, often etc. 2. 表示否定的频率副词： never, seldom, rarely etc. . 这些副词的位置：在 e.g. He is always late. 2. 一般过去时Be动词后,实义动词前；形式：did 意义：一般过去时表示在过去的某一特定时间发生和终止的活 动或情形；用法:（有 A 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情形； e.g.: I saw him i
3、n the library yesterday morning. 特定的 时间状语 ）.yesterday, yesterday evening, last night/month/spring/year, the night before last（前天晚上）,three days/months/years ago, in 1999 etc.； 这些时间状语之前不用加介词；名师归纳总结 B 表示过去习惯性动作,始终连续或反复发生的动作,此时可第 1 页,共 18 页与表示拼读的时间副词连用；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g.: I slept
4、 for eight hours last night. （表示在过去某一段时间内连续的动作,但这动作现在已经终止了）3. 一般将来时形式：will/shall do 或 be going to do 意义：一般将来时表示在将来的某个时间将要发生的某个动作或状态；学明白一般将来时要懂得的一下三个至关重要的概念： 1 猜测,表示说话人认为将来会发生某件事； 2 事先方案：说话人在头脑里已经做出打算将来要做某件事； 3 意愿：说话人既不是估量某事会发生,也不是预先经过考虑打算将做某事,而是在说话的时刻立刻做出决断说明他将做某事；用法：A 用来猜测,表示猜测,或说估量将来要发生某事,可用 will
5、或 be going to； e.g.: According to the weather report, it will be windy tomorrow. B 表示“ 准备去 . ,要. ” 时,可用 be going to do； e.g.: This is just what I am going to say. C 表示“ 将要、刚要” 时,可用 be about to do； 强调近期内或立刻要做的事； e.g. Do not worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （别担忧,我立刻就给你做一次认真的检查；） D
6、 be to do 的 5 种用法： a 表示“ 按方案、支配即将发生某事或准备做某事”；例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 在试验室见到她；）（星期一你准会 b 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于 should, must, ought to, have to ）,表示一种命令、规劝性语气； e.g.：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们,你们必需 上床睡觉,不准吵闹；我们的客人5 分钟之内就要到
7、了；） c 能或不能发生的事情（接近 can, may ）例：How am I to pay such a debt. 的一笔债呢？）（我怎么可能仍得起这么大 d 不行防止将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g.：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attend
8、ed D. is attended to will be attended to 关键的一点是： attend 表示“ 处理,解决”时是不及物动词, 必需与 to 连用；另外,从上下文看,事情明显尚未 B；解决,所以应当用将来时的被动语态；答案是或 if e 用于条件从句“ 假如 想,设想”（接近 if want to, should ） e.g.：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A is to be B can be C will be D
9、 has been 答案是 A. is to be；全句的意思是：“ 假如要防止食品短缺,就必需作出更大努力来增加农业产量； ”. 表猜测时,我们可以用 will 或 be going to ；但两者仍存在以下两点区分： 1 用 be going to 特殊是意指依据目前的明显迹象来推断某件事将要发生； will 就只是说明说话人认为或信任某件事将要发生； 2 be going to 通常用来表示说话人与其所说的时间立刻或在相当近的将来就要发生；而will所表示的动作发生的时间可近可远； a. Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. b.
10、I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. c. John is going to fall into that hole. d. Oh, my dear. Theyre going to bump against that tree. 名师归纳总结 e. You look very pale. I am sure you are going to get sick. 第 3 页,共 18 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一般时态练习一、用动词的适当形式填空1.Vegetarians 素食者 not,
11、 eatmeat. 2.An atheist 无神论者 not, believein God. 3.Constant dripping滴水 wearaway a stone. 4.John always, not, goto school late. That is to say, he sometimes, attendschool late. He be, generallya good student. He be, alwaysready to help others. 5.If it raintomorrow, well have to put off our sports meet
12、. 6.Look.Here comeyour boyfriend. 7.Mozart writemore than 600 pieces of music. 8.I bevery tired last night, so I goto bed early. 9. you goanywhere on Labor Day. 10.When I was young, I wantto be a bus driver. 答案：1.dont eat 2.doesnt believe 3.wears 4.doesnt always go, sometimes attends, is generally,
13、is always 5.rains es 7.wrote 8.was,went 9.Did,go 10.wanted 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4. 现在进行时形式：be doing: am/is/are +doing. 意思.是助动词,没有“ 是” 的意义： 强调在现在这个时间点,某项活动正在发生；用法：A 表示说话此刻正在进行； e.g.: What program are you watching. I am studying English. B 表示现阶段正在连续的动作； 这是进行时态表示的是一个
14、一般性的活动,在说话时刻这个动作并不肯定正在发生； e.g.: These days I am translating a book. C 表示最近的将来肯定的支配；通常含有“ 方案”、“ 支配做” 之意； e.g.: I am taking a makeup test tomorrow. D 现在进行常常与 always, forever, continually, constantly等连用,往往表示埋怨、厌烦、不合理或使人不开心的事； e.g.: Jack is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back. Jack 常常借
15、钱忘仍； How come Joe is always groaning about things. Joe 为什么总是在埋怨？5. 过去进行时形式：be doing: was/were doing 意义：强调在过去这个时间点,某项活动正在发生；用法：at this A 用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情； e.g.: I was discussing my thesis with my director time last night.（特定时刻） B 过去进行时仍常常和一般过去时协作使用；此时,过去进行时通常表示一个历史较长的表达“ 背景”的动作或状态；而一般过去时就表示此“ 背景”
16、 下发生的,短暂的动作或状态；过去进行时动作先发生,一般过去时动作后发生； e.g. I was telephoning Harry when she arrived. 在五打电话过程中,她到了；先 telephone ,后 arrive I telephoned Harry when she arrived.我才打电话；先 arrive, 后 telephone 她回来之后,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6. 将来进行时形式： will be doing 意义： 强调在将来的某个详细时间正在发生的动作或事情；
17、用法： A 表示在将来某一特定时刻正在进行的活动； e.g.: Ill be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow. Wait until seven oclock so that they wont still be eating. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 进行时态练习一、用适当时态填空 1. How fast you drivewhen the accident happened. 2. I walk along the street when su
18、ddenly I hearfootsteps behind me. Somebody follow me. I was frightened and I started to run. 3. Why you stareat me like that. 4. anybody watchTV or I turnit off. 5. I wantto lose weight. So this month I not, eatlunch. I am only eating fruits. 6. Clint phoned me last night. He is on holiday in Qindao
19、. He havea good time and wantto come back until the end of this month. 7. You always, more active. 二、用适当时态填空watchTV. You should do something 1. The television was on but nobody watch it. 2. I seeyou in the park yesterday afternoon. You siton the grass and talk with some people. 3. Hurry up. Everybod
20、y wait for you. 4. The water boil. Can you turn it off. 5. Water boilat 100 degrees Celsius. 6. After three days of rain, Im glad that the sun shineagain today. 7. Every morning the sun shine and wakeme up. in my bedroom window 8. I ridehome yesterday when suddenly an old lady walkout into the road
21、in front of me. I goquite fast but luckily hither. I was able to stop in time and not, 9. Look. There goour bus; well have to wait for the next one. 10.It rainhard, but no one stopped working. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 单项挑选1. Ill go with you as soon as I my homework. A
22、. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. have finished 2. He at 8 oclock every morning. A. is going to work B. went to work C. goes to work D. will go to work 3. When I see Jean in the street, she always at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles 4. Look, here the famous player. A. co
23、mes B. came C. has come D. come 5. The year four seasons. A. has been divided into B. is divided into C. has divided in D. was divided into 6. Nobody likes her because she to carry favor with the boss. A. has always tried B. does always try C. always tries D. is always trying 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8
24、 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答案：一、1. were,driving 2. was walking, heard. was following 3. are staring 4. Is, watching , ll turn 5. want, am not eating 6. is having, doesnt want. 7. are always watching. 二、1. was watching 2. saw, were sitting, talking 3. is waiting 4. is boiling 5. boils 6. is sh
25、ining 7. shines, wakes 8. was riding, walked ,was going, didnt hit 9. goes 10. was raining 三、1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. 现在完成时形式：have/has done 意义：开头于过去的动作始终连续到现在,而且仍可能连续持 续下去； 谓语动词一般为连续性动词； 黑点表示现在和过去两个时间点；时间骰表示动作在连续；徐建投表示 动作可能连续连续下去） A用法：
26、连续到现在的动作或状态：特点： 1 谓语动词一般为连续性动词 2 动作发生的时间是过去,但这一动作连续到现在,而 且仍可能连续连续下去； 3 与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示“ 一段时间” 的时间状语,已说明某个动作或状态连续了多久；. 与现在完成时态搭配的时间状语： 1. since+ 时间点 e.g.: Ive worked in this company since 1980. 2. for+ 时间段 e.g.: Ive worked in this company for 3years. Great changes have taken place in Beijing
27、 for the past few years. 3. “ 到目前为止 . ” until now, up till now, up to now, so far, up until now e.g.: We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. 到目前为止,我们尚未实行任何行动来打算一门国际通用语言,以促进国际间的沟通； 4. “ 在最近几世纪 / 年/ 月以来 . ” in the
28、 past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, throughout history. through centuries, 名师归纳总结 e.g.: Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that 第 10 页,共 18 页all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes - - - - - - -精选
29、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - death. 自古以来,人类就必需接受这样的事实：一切生命体最终 都会消亡,由于生命的本质包含了死亡； B 过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态 表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响；谓语动词一般为短暂性动词；这种完成时态是中国同学对难以懂得的,也 常常和一般过去时混淆不清；（图中黑点表示过去某一时刻发生的动作；虚线表示过去发生的动 作对现在仍有影响） C 到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作；表示到目前为止的一个时间段内重复发生的动作；（图中每一个黑点表示以此动作；虚线表示于现在有联系） e.g.: For more than eight
30、 years, scientists have argued over whether life exists on the planet Mars. 八十多年以来,科学家们始终就火星上是否有生命存在这一问题不断进行争辩；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. 过去完成时形式 ：had done 意义 ：在过去某一时刻之前 （即过去的过去） 就已开头的动作；这一动作： 1 在该过去时刻仍旧再连续,或在该过去时刻刚刚停止； 2 在该过去时刻之前的某一时刻停止的动作 在该过去时刻之前的一段时间内重读的动作； 3 用法
31、 ： A 犹如现在完成时的第一种永达的过去完成时；开头于过去 之前（即过去的过去）的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在连续；e.g.: I had stayed in America for 2 years when he moved here.move 是过去的动作,stayed 发生在 moved之前,即过去的过去；在 moved之后仍将会连续 stayed ） B 犹如现在完成时的其次种用法, 表示开头于过去之前的动作倒 过去这一时刻之前即已停止 . ；过去完成时的动作通常是短暂动作e.g.: She had made everything ready before I came.C）犹如现在
32、完成时的第三种用法,去之前的一段时间内重复发生；在过去之前开头的动作, 在过名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g.: I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me. 9. 将来完成时形式： will have done 意义：是以“ 将来” 作为“ 坐标时间”,来描述开头于将来之前（可能是过去,现在或将来）的动作连续到将来； A 用法：连续到现在的动作或状态；e.g. I will have taught English
33、 in New Oriental School for five years by the end of next month. 名师归纳总结 B 过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态；第 13 页,共 18 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. ： We will have finished our exam by the end of next week. C 在将来之前开头的动作,在将来之前的一段时间内重复发生；e.g.: By five oclock this afternoon the spaceship will have trav
34、eled eleven times round the world. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. 现在完成进行时形式： have/has been doing 意义： 强调动作的连续性,表示开头于过去的动作连续到现在,并且活动仍没有终止,仍将连续连续下去；e.g.: It began raining 2 hours ago and its still raining. It has been raining for two hours. It began raining at 8 oclock. N
35、ow its still raining. It has been raining since 8 oclock. It has been raining all day. B 刚刚终止的动作；表示开头于过去的动作连续到现在为止不在连续或表示不久前刚 刚终止的动作； C 重复发生的动作；详细来说就是表示说话时刻以前的一段时间内重复发 生的动作； e.g.: Every Sunday they meet in the same bar. Theyve been going there for years. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - -
36、 - - - - - - 11. 过去完成进行时 形式：had been doing 意义： A 强调在过去的某一活动或时间之前始终在连续的一项活动；可能仍旧连续下去； e.g.: When I arrived in Inner Mongolia, it had been snowing for half a month. B）强调在故去的某一活动或时间之前始终在连续的一项活动；连续到过去这一活动或这一时间为止,或者是在过去这一时间之前刚 刚终止；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g.: The police
37、 had been looking for the murder for 2 years before they caught him. He finally showed up at 9 oclock. I had been waiting for him since 6 oclock. C 过去完成进行时可表示重复发生的动作；详细来说,就是表示过去某一活动或时间之前的一段时间内重复发生的动作；e.g.: He had been gambling for 2 years before his wife found out. 12. 将来完成进行时形式：will have been doing
38、 意义：表示开头于将来某个时刻之前的动作连续到将来这一时刻,并可能连续连续下去；名师归纳总结 用法：第 17 页,共 18 页 A 强调在将来的某一活动或时间之前始终在连续的一项活动；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g.： Im retiring this fall. By then Ill have been teaching for 30 years. She will have been taking care of her blind husband for 20 years by then. B 表示在将来某个时间之前常常重复的动作；e.g.: I will have been attending Prof. Smiths lectures for half a year by next week. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 18 页