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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开 始,连续到现在的动作或状态；2.时间状语： recently, lately, since for ,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构： have/has + done 4.否定形式： have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句： have或 has提前 6.它主要适用于下面的几种情形：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data
2、that I need .到现在为止,我已收集到了我 所需的全部资料；她今日已看了 150 页；She has read 150 pages today .2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner. 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作连续到现在,并可能仍要连续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了；1一个句子应当用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境；例如：He speaks English .（一般现在时,说明动作发生的常常性；）He s
3、poke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时,说明动作发生 的时间；）He is speaking English.（现在进行时,说明动作正在进行；）He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和；）2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,假如主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；假如主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时 来表示过去将来时；例如： I wi
4、ll not play tennis if it rains tomorrow. I would not play tennis if it rained the next day. 3 有些动词表示无法连续的动作,它们一般不宜用于进行时态中；这类动 词常见的有： be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understan
5、d , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等；4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题 常和有些副词连用, 如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not yet , always 等等；B. 在以 when 提问的特别疑问中不能用现在完成时；另外,ago 不能用于现在完成时的句子里, 由于它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间,属于表示详细过去时间的状语；但是可以用 不知什么时候的以前；before 来表示 以前 的意义,由于它只表示 以前 ,而名师归纳总结 C. 假如是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子
6、,不行以和以 for 表示第 1 页,共 6 页的一段时间 的状语连用； 在这种情形下, 应当用 It has been ；since 的句- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载式来表达；如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）能与现在完成时连用词语许多,如副词 just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等,但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：1
7、since自从 ：不管用作介词、连词仍是副词, 句子 主句 谓语通常都用现在完成时： I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以来我始终未见过她；Where have you been since I last saw. 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了 . 2 so far到目前为止 ：So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止仍没有什么坏消息；We havent had any trouble so far. 到目前为止,我们仍没有遇到任何麻烦；3 in for, during the past last years在
8、过去 年中 ：In the past two years Ive seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他；I have been here for the last past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿；4 up to until now到现在为止 ：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作仍算简单；信；I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我仍没有听到他一点音5 It s will be the first time that 第一次 ：Its the first t
9、ime Ive come here. 这是我第一次来这儿；现在完成时练习一、单项挑选to 1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he . . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _
10、 one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; 名师归纳总结 studying
11、 . will ; study 第 2 页,共 6 页. has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载States . 9、-These farmers
12、 have been to the United -Really . When _ there . . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、-_ you _ your homework yet . -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 三、汉译英4、 她仍没有看过那部新电影；5、 她去过上海；6、
13、他这些天上哪儿去了？过去完成时态讲解与练习定义： 过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情； 它表示的是发生在“ 过去的过去 ”的动作,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时；构成： 基本形式 : had + 过去分词；如 : We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 否定形式 : had + not + 过去分词；如 : 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶；They hadn t finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时 ,他们仍没有完成工作；
14、一般疑问句形式 : had 提到句首 ,回答用 Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadnt. 如: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday. 他昨天告知过你早点儿到那儿吗 . Yes, he had. No, he hadn 用法：是的 ,他告知了； 不,他没有； 1、用在 “after / before / when + 过去时态从句” 或有 “by+过去时间 ”的句子中 ；例如： by then, by before nine oclock yesterday, by the end of last year, by
15、the age of twenty, by the time I arrived Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前 ,妈妈已经把饭做好了；2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时；发生在后,用一般过去时；例如： When I returned home, my guest had already left. I did not see the film because I had seen it before. 3、常用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中 词后的宾语从句；例如：. 如 t
16、old, said, knew, heard, thought, asked 等动My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了；She said that she had never been to Paris. He asked what I had said. 现在完成时和过去完成时的区分：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果 1. 单项挑选, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果；1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -
17、第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever. A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten ；A. learned B. was learning C. had l
18、earned D. learnt 4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B.
19、 saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an unive
20、rsity D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 2.用动词的适当形式填空 1. We _ paint the house befor
21、e we _ move in. 2. That rich old man _ make a will before he _ die. 5. I _ turn off all the lights before I _ go to bed. 6. Paul _ go out with Jane after he _ make a phone call. 14. We were surprised at what she _already _do 15. She _not go to Qingdao because she _ go there before. 16. He _not tell
22、you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_give the book to the teacher. 3. 句型转换 2. She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）_. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3. They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink. （否定）_ 4. By 10:
23、00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）_ 5. Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived. （改一般疑问）_将来完成时定义将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或始终连续的动作；常常与before+将来时间或by+ 将来时间连用,也可与before或 by the time引导的现在时的从句连用；构成will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人称,will+have+完成式用于其他人称；实例a. 状态完成：表示某事连续到将来某一时为止始终有的状态；b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或
24、另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或已获得的 体会；They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 将来完成时的构成将来完成时的构成是由shall/will + have +过去分词 构成的；Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然遗忘这件事的；He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his
25、old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了,他可能不会记得老同学了；Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month. 到下个月你熟悉凯文该有 10 年了吧？将来完成时的用法表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响；We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末,我们将学完 12 个单元；By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to botto
26、m. 你到家之前我将把房子完全打扫一遍；表示估计,相当于must have done结构；You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I am sure he will have got the information. 我信任他肯定得到了这个信息.表示某种状态始终连续到说话人所提及的时间we will have been married a year on june 25th 到 6 月 25 日我们俩结婚
27、就满 1 年了练习题1. By the summer, Elizabeth_ here for ten years . A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked 2. I. hope you_ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten . 3. No sooner_ than the accident happened. A. he had gone B. had h
28、e gone C. his going D. he went 4. Hardly_ when the bus suddenly pulled away. A. they had got to the bus stop C. did they get to the bus stop B. had they got to the bus stop D. they got to the bus stop 5. Mother doesnt know much time I have spent in watching TV; if she ever found out ,Im sure_. A. sh
29、ed never forgive me B. she never forgive me C. shell never forgive me D. she does never forgive me 6. As soon as he_ his error, Rockfeller made the necessary corrections to his data collected. A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. had discovered 7. I _meeting you ever since we parted. A. w
30、as looking forward to B. have been looking forward to C. had been looking forward to D. looked forward to 8 Where have you been. What _ . A. did you do B. have you been doing C. have made D. were you doing 9. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she _. A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated 10. When you come tonight at eight oclock, I _ eight lessons.A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页