2022年现在完成时及现在完成进行时详细讲解及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一. 现在完成时的构成 : 现在完成时由助动词 havehas+动词的过去分词构成； has用于第三人称单数 ,have用于其他 各种人称 . 二. 现在完成时的用法 : 其用法主要有三种I.“ 已完成” 用法 :表示一个过去发生并终止的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；这一类情形可以细致分为下述两种情形； 1）表示开头于过去的动作刚刚终止；常和 间状语连用；just,now,already,yet,not yet等不确定的时 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上； （说明现

2、在灯关上了）Ive finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了； （说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着；一般不用时间状语；I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了； （说明过去某时丢的,现在我仍没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师；（说明她现在仍是老师）II. “ 未完成” 用法；表示动作或状态从过去某时开头,连续到现在,可能连续下去,也可能刚刚终止； 常和表示一段时间的状语连用；如today,this week（month）,lately,recently,these days,i

3、n the past few days,during the last two weeks,since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a long time,for a month,so far,up to now,till （until） now 等；He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了； （现在仍住在这儿）Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识；（现在仍在往来） How long have you studied Eng

4、lish？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学） III. 体会性用法 :表示从过去开头到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次显现的状态；常与频度副词如 often,always,every week,twice等连用；I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次；He has always said so.他总是这么说 . 三. 现在完成时的时间状语名师归纳总结 I现 在 完 成 时 属 于 现 在 时 范 围 , 故 不 能 和 过 去 的 时 间 状 语 连 用 ； 如 ： yesterday,last 第 1 页,共 19 页- -

5、- - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Sunday,in1990,three years ago等；但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用；a. 用副词 already和 yet；already 一般用于确定句中, yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中；如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了；They havent finished their homework yet.他们仍没有完成作业；b. 用 ever和 never.多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“

6、从未“等；如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall.你曾经去过长城吗 . -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城；c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如 just, before, up to now, the past few years等；例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她, 但记不起在哪里见过；He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三

7、次了；d. 用包括 “现在”在内的时间状语,如 now,today,this morningmonth,year,term等；例如：-Have you met him today.-No,I havent. 今日你见过他吗？我没有；How many times have you been there this year. 今年你去过那里多少次？Unit 9: 现在完成时讲解一基本结构 ：助动词 have/has+ 过去分词 done 二句型 ：否定句：主语 +have/has+not+ 过去分词 +其他 . 一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语 +过去分词 +其他 . 简略答语 : Yes,

8、主语 + have/has.确定 No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.否定三用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money so far. 含义是 :现在我没有钱花了 . Guo zijun has just/already come. 含义：郭子君现在在这儿 My father has gone to work. 含义是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿 （ 2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,连续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与for （ +时间段） ,since （ +时间

9、点或过去时的句子）连用. for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来） since+ 时段 +ago 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 since+ 从句（过去时） It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四has gone to,has been to, has been in 的区分Have/Has goneto :去了 现在不在说话现

10、场 Where is your father ？ He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been to : 去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in ：呆了多久（仍在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months . /since two monthsago. 五现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 : * 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志H

11、e has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮忙；He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影；He hasnt come back yet. 他仍没有回来；* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影；He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京；* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以 so far （到目前为止）为标 +b

12、efore 他说他已经去过美国三次了；He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京；She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. 过去已经开头的动作始终连续到现在学习必备欢迎下载, 我们可以从动作“ 连续”, 甚至有可能连续连续下去的特性和“ 时间” 点段的区分入手, 进一步学习现在完成时；* for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志留意：1 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时

13、间状语连用 , 如 yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2不能与 when 连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六过去分词1 、规章动词 ：规章动词的过去分词的构成规章与规章动词的过去式的构成规就相同；四点变化规章：1 、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”；work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited 2 、以 “ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”；live-lived-lived , 3 、以 “辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i ,再加 “ ed ”；study-stud

14、ied-studied ,cry-cried-cried 4 、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”；stop-stopped-stopped 2 、不规章动词 ：AAA 型原型过去式过去分词, drop-dropped-dropped burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread 名师归纳

15、总结 read read read read 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ 第 4 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载AAB 型beat beat beaten ABA 型 become became become run ran run come came come 特别情形 ABB 型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig d

16、ug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thou

17、ght thought win won won ABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - choose chose chosen 学习必备欢迎下载draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze fr

18、ozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written七瞬时动词 （ buy,die,join,come,go ,leave,join ）不能直接与for since连用；要转变动词buy-have borrow -keep this bike f

19、or almost four yearcome/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be away begin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead 1.have代替 buy My brother has had 不能用 has bought s. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept 不能用 have borrowed the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becom

20、e How long has your sister been a teacher. yesterday. 4、用 have a cold代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before 5、用 wear 代替 put on 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载b 用“ be形容词 ” 代终止性动词1、 be married代 marry 2、 be ill 代 fall get ill 3、 be dead 代 die 4、 be as

21、leep代 fall get asleep 5、 be awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、 be open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、 be missinggone,lost 代 lose c 用“ be副词 ” 代终止性动词 1“ be on” 代 start,begin 2“ be up” 代 get up 3“ be backto ” 代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“ be here there ”代 comearrive,re

22、ach,get there 等等d 用“ be介词短语”代终止性动词1. “ be in/at +地点 ” 代替 go to /come to 2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3. “ be in/at +地点 ” 代替 move to 常用瞬时动词变 连续性动词 表：here 或 go arrive,reach,get1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at 相应的介词2. have come/gone back/ret

23、urned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up ；7. have died have been dead ；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep ；10. have finished/ended/c

24、ompleted have been over ；名师归纳总结 11. havemarried have been married ；第 7 页,共 19 页12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold ；18. have g

25、ot to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 20. have joined/have taken 学习必备欢迎下载Party/the army part in the league/the have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party s member/the league member/the soldier 现在完成时练习一 A选用 have, has填空 : 1.I _ told hi

26、m the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game. B按要求改写以下各句 : 4.They have bought a computer. 改成否定句 _ 5.He has lost his book. 先改成一般疑问句 , 再作确定与否定回答 _ C 单项挑选 6. -Where have you _, Kate. -Ive _ to the bank. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone 7. Her grandfather _ for

27、two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 8. Its six weeks _ I met you last. 名师归纳总结 A. when B. since C. before D. for 第 8 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already. A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to

28、D. have reached 现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项挑选；1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he . . already .never .ever . still 3 、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _

29、one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6 、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying .

30、will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7 、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really . When _ there . . will they

31、 go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、 _ you _ your homework yet . Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . 名师归纳总结 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 第

32、9 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 12 、 Do you know him well . Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13 、 How long have you _ here . About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14 、Hurry up. The play _ for ten minutes . has

33、 begun . had begun . began . has been on 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . . has been .has gone . went .will go 17 、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to t they. have gone to . h

34、ave been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, . A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. haven19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China. A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. h

35、as started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型转换；（改成反意疑问句）1、He has never surfed, .2、They have been here since 2000. 对划线部分提问 _ they been here. 3、The old man _ last year . He for a year . die （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago. 同义句转换 This factory _ for twenty years. 5

36、、Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同义句转换 （同义句）Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years . Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. 同义句转换 _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It ar

37、rived ten minutes ago. 句子 _ 三、 汉译英；1、 吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了；把两个句子合并成一个名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2、 他昨天收到一封信；3、 我父亲以前到过长城；4、 她仍没有看过那部新电影；5、 她去过上海；6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项挑选；1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作仍未终止,始终连续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响；这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行；故上两

38、侧依据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是；2、现在完成常常与 already（已经）, just（刚刚,正好）, ever（曾经）, never（从来,也不；从不）, before（以前）, yet（仍旧）等连用；故 2 应选 B；3、 C 4、现在完成常常与 recently（近来）, so far（到目前为止）, in the past/“ last + 一段时间 ”等时间状语连用； 由于上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开头连续到现在的；故 4 应选 D；5、 C 6、现在完成时常常与 “ for +时间段或 since +过去时间点 ”连用（含从句,

39、从句过去时）；故6 应选 C；7、 C 8、现在完成时仍与 once（一次）, twice（两次）, three times（三次）, several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用；故 8 应选 B；9、现在完成时与一般过去时简单混淆,就是由于它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区分： 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或常常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系； 现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语 （如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用；故 9 的正确答

40、案为 B；10、B 11、现在完成时中,非连续性动词不能与 for 和 since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通 常是用相应的连续性动词来代替；故 11 的正确答案依次为： D；12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A；16、“ have/has gone to + 地点 ”表示 “ 某人去了某地（仍未回来）” ,指主语所指的人不在这儿； “ have/has been in + 地点 ”表示 “ 在某地呆了多长时间 ”,常与表示时间的状语连用；“ have/has been to + 地点 ” 表示 “曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）；”故 16 的正确答案为 A；17、A 18、D 19、

41、C 20、C 二、句型转换；1、 has he. 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、 has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载7、 It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、汉译英；1、 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、

42、 He received a letter yesterday. 3、 My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、 She hasnt seen the new film yet. 5、 She has been to Shanghai. 6、 Where has he been these daysII 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用；如： come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等；但假如要保留表一段时间的时间状语,须将动词改为连续性动词；必现归纳