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1、 2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark houranswers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo _
2、 ancient Egypts first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News _ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource forstudents looking to apply to university campus.A. mai
3、ntainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not _have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy Virg
4、iniaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate _, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil 16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming_.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At _, photo
5、graphy is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material isaltered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed.The infinitive verb phrase “only to lea
6、rn”is used _.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder whats behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned
7、to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. Im getting terribly behind.D. I suppose Im lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud ofwhat has been achie
8、ved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to _,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justice
9、 B. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to _ the increased cost of raw materials.A.
10、cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no _ of giving any authorization to anyoneto proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually _ a good angle or a good selfie overall is rooted in what weconsider beautiful.A.
11、 consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the _ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to itsunique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra 27. The teachers union _ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorab
12、le”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filledth28. Last March the _ of a 19 century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. Shes worn his designs on _ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD.
13、 numeral30. A leading _ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis ofworldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if insert
14、edin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word onANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesF. kindB. automatically C. coupleH. mercifullyM. unknownK. renownedL. subscribeN. virtueO. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent C
15、hristmascards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from thepeople who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned acard never inquired into the identity
16、 of the unknown professor. They received his holidaygreeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around usthe rule forreciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person
17、 hasprovided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sendsus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue ofthe reciprocity rule, then, we are
18、obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of suchthings that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not onlyin the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of
19、the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatgoes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensivestudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatdoes not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONS
20、ECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Choose the onePASS
21、AGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that werefree from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed ontheir lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The histori
22、cdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the Americancharacter. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formalaristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is p
23、robably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference fromthe government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority. (2) There is, however, a price
24、to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means thatAmericans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotionalindependence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditional
25、ly been drawn to the UnitedStates is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Becausetitles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportuni
26、ty: competition. If muchof life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete withothers. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue untilretirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete
27、 successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have abetter life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land ofplenty where millions c
28、ould come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealthbecame a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however,
29、for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has beenboth necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, materialpossessions are seen as evidence of peoples abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidencyin 1964, said that most poor people are poor b
30、ecause they deserve to be. Most Americans would findthis a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, theyshould be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American
31、character andhow it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that _.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportun
32、ities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO (1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadlyexplosives, decided to try and do somethi
33、ng good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes topeople who made progress in literature, science, economics and perhaps most importantlypeace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done som
34、ething good in their countries, thereare now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry totell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awar
35、ds andmake tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But its not only films -there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV formusic. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary n
36、ovelhit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is anaward for British contemporary artists each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots ofmoney to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or this y
37、earbuilding a garden shed.(5) Awards dont only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, forEuropean Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strangesometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help pe
38、oplewhodont make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances,but professional soccer players these days certainly arent short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,for local writers or artists, or just for people w
39、ho have graduated from high school or, got a universitydegree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Di
40、ckens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists couldwin patronage” form rich peoplea king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in socialsystems acr
41、oss the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded bythe state or by private companies.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people willgo and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more peopl
42、e buy theirbooks. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands ofpeople across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records. (11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This meansthat it is not only the person who win
43、s the award who benefits-but also the sponsors. The MTVawards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let meask you a questionhow far do you think that publicity and marketin
44、g are winning here, and howmuch genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)B. Appreciative.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would
45、enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held o
46、n important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_.D. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 tha
47、t the author thinks awards _.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE (1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to heras gently as possible the news of her husbands death.(2) It was her sister Josephi