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1、2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PARTPARTIIIIIILANGUAGE USAGELANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options markedA, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark houranswers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyrami
2、d outside Cairo _ ancient Egypt s first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News _ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource forstudents looking to apply to univer
3、sity campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not _have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _mountains behind the apple orchard
4、.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate _, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming_.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of w
5、ar17. At _, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material isaltered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed.The infinitive verb ph
6、rase“only to learn” is used _.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder whats behind this change of pl
7、an.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standingbehind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I m getting terriblybehind.D. I suppose Im lucky because my parents werebehind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and shewould have been immensely proud ofwhat
8、has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to _,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecut
9、ion.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to _ the increased cost of raw
10、materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no _ of giving any authorization to anyoneto proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually _ a good angle or a good selfie overall is rooted in what weconsider
11、 beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the _ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to itsunique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers union _ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairi
12、ng “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the _ of a 19thcentury cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. Shes worn his designs on _ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC.
13、numericalD. numeral30. A leading _ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis ofworldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePARTPARTIVIVCLOZECLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete t
14、he passage if insertedin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word onANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renownedL. subscribeM. unknownN. virtueO. widespreadA Few years a
15、go, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmascards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from thepeople who had never met nor heard of him. The great majorit
16、y of those who returned acard never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holidaygreeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around usthe rule forreciprocation. The rule
17、says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person hasprovided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sendsus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them t
18、o one of ours. By virtue ofthe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of suchthings that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not onlyin the En
19、glish language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatgoes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensivestudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society th
20、atdoes not subscribe to the rule.PART VPART VREADING COMPREHENSIONREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION ASECTION AMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested an
21、swers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the onethat you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEPASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that werefree from the controls that existed in European societies. They want
22、ed to escape the controls placed ontheir lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the Americancharacter. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and
23、 eliminating a formalaristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside
24、interference fromthe government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means thatAmericans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotionalindepend
25、ence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the UnitedStates is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Becausetitles of nobility were forbidden in the
26、 Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If muchof life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete withothers. The pressures of competition in t
27、he life of an American begin in childhood and continue untilretirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is
28、to have abetter life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land ofplenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth
29、became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has beenboth necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history.In some ways, materialpossessions are se
30、en as evidence of peoples abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidencyin 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would findthis a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole s
31、tory of the American character. Rather, theyshould be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character andhow it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that _.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition b
32、egins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE T
33、WO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadlyexplosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes topeople who made progress in literature, science, economics and perhaps most importantlypeace.(2) Not all rewards ar
34、e as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, thereare now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mo
35、stly) American film industry totell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards andmake tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But its not only films-there are also Grammies, Brits, the
36、Mercury Prize and the MTV formusic. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see theirdifficult, literary novelhit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is anaward for British contemporary artists each year it causes controversy
37、by apparently giving lots ofmoney to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or this yearbuilding a garden shed.(5) Awards dont only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality ofthe Year, forEuropean Footballer of the Year and World Footballe
38、r of the Year. This seems very strangesometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help peoplewhodontmake alot ofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,but professional soccer players these days certainly arent short of cash!(6) Many small towns and com
39、munities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a universitydegree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and
40、 ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists couldwin“patronage” form rich peoplea king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money t
41、o havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in socialsystems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded bythe state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of
42、 this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many morepeople willgo and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy theirbooks. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands ofpeople acros
43、s the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This meansthat it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits-but also the sponsors. The MTVawards, for example, are great for publicizing not only mu
44、sic, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let meask you a questionhow far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and howmuch genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author s tone
45、when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. T
46、hey would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. A
47、wards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awa
48、rds _.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to heras gently as possible th
49、e news of her husbands death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husbands friend Richardswas there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster wasreceived, with Brently Mallards name leading the list of “killed”. He had o
50、nly taken the time toassure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sisters arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she wentaway to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she