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1、 高中英语真题:备战 2014 高考英语精讲巧解分类攻克 14 虚拟语气 情况 从句 的动词 主句 的动词 例句 与现 在事 实相反 动词的过去式(be 动词一律用were)would/could/should/might 动词原形 If I had time，I would attend your party.如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。If I saw him now，I would be very happy.如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。与过 去事 had过去 would/could/should/mighthave过去分You didnt let me drive.If w
2、e had driven in turn，实相反 分词 词 you wouldnt have got so tired.你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。与将来 事实 相反 动词的过去式；should动词原形；were to动词原形 would/could/might/should动词原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。注意：(1)若条件句中有 were，had，should，可把 if 省略，而把 were，had，should 放在主语前
3、，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Had you taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态
4、要依具体情况而定。Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone t
5、here with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。1.(2010湖南卷)If he_my advice，he wouldnt have lost his job.Afollowed Bshould follow Chad followed Dwould follow 解析：句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为 if 条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。答案：C 2(2011厦门市质量检查)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont m
6、ention it.Ashould be Bwould be Cwill have been Dwould have been 解析：考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词 would完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。答案：D 3(2011山东潍坊质检)_more careful，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he is BHad he been CShould he be DIf he has been 解析：从主句中的 would not have been made 可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气
7、，因此从句谓语动词用 had been 的形式，又因助动词为 had 时，可将 if 省掉，had 提前，故 B 项正确。答案：B(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 坚持，prefer 宁愿，urge 主张，order 命令，recommend 推荐，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Janes pale face suggested
8、that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。(2)wish 后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或 were 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形 I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wis
9、h she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。1.(2010福建卷)Teachers recommend parents_their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allow Cmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow 解析：句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让 12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise 等表“建议、命令、要
10、求”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。答案：A 2(2011山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sent Bshould send Cbe sent Dmust be sent 解析：当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，command 等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用 shoulddo，should 可以省略。order 后的同位
11、语从句也用虚拟语气，故选 C 项。答案：C(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。(2)It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虚拟语气 在句型“It is(high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气 在“i
12、f only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没病该多好啊！1.(2010合肥第三次教学检测)Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs if BEven if CIf only DOnly if 解析：考查
13、虚拟语气。句意为：爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。if only(但愿)接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。as if 好像，even if 即使，only if 只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。答案：C 2.(2011青岛一模)My uncle suggests I_abroad.I would rather you_at home.Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；stayed Dwent；stay 解析：suggest 当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。wo
14、uld rather 后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。答案：C 1(2010浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy_.Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved 解析：句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略 if 可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓语动词应采用“wouldh
15、ave过去分词”的结构，故答案为 A 项。答案：A 2(2010陕西卷)If we_the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad taken Ctook Dhave taken 解析：句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知 if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故 if 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。答案：B 3(2010北京卷)The weather has been very hot and d
16、ry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables_.Awouldnt die Bdidnt die Chadnt died Dwouldnt have died 解析：句意为：现在天气变得又热又干。是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中 If 引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是 would do，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟
17、，故选择 D 项。答案：D 4(2009福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 B 项。答案：B 5.(2009浙江卷)The d
18、octor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 解析：句意为：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)do”，故选 D。答案：D 6.(2009安徽卷)But for their help，we_the program in time.Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished 解析：
19、句意为：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用 could not have finished 表示与过去相反。答案：D 7.(2009天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight 解析：句意为：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it
20、 were to break down/If it should break down。答案：B 8.(2007全国卷)_he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race.AIf BSince CThough DWhen 解析：考查与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。从句用if.had done，主句用.would/could have done.。答案：A 9.(2007山东卷)They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to g
21、o.Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget 解析：本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是事实，后半句是虚拟语气。答案：B 10.(2007全国卷)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_yesterday.Awas happening Bhappens Chas happened Dhappened 解析：考查虚拟语气。由 as if 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的 remembers 可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。答案：D 1(2011天津质检)My suggestion is that you_much mea
22、t.Awouldnt take Bshall not take Cnot have Dwont have 解析：当 suggest 或 suggestion 为“建议”的意思时，与其有关的从句就要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。答案：C 2(2011安徽芜湖调研)If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel，more birds and animals_dying out.Aought to avoid Bcould have been avoided Cshould have avoided Dmig
23、ht have avoided 解析：句意为：如果人类少点贪婪少点残忍，更多的鸟类和动物就有可能免于灭绝。这里考查的是对过去情况的假设，从句用had done，主句用 would/could/might have done。avoid“避免”，其后接 doing 时没有被动语态。答案：D 3(2011哈尔滨检测)_anyone call，please tell him Im not free.AMust BCan CMay DShould 解析：本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第一个分句是省略了 if 虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should
24、call，please tell him Im not free.当if 省略时，句子要倒装，故 D 项正确。答案：D 4(2011北京海淀期末)If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed，we _there by now.Awould be Bare Chave been Dhad been 解析：句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选 A 项。答案：A 5(2011北京海淀期末练习)If you_to my birthday party last Sa
25、turday，you would have met our old friend Jim.Oh，what a pity!Acame Bhad come Cwould come Dwould have come 解析：从语意分析，这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用 should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应选 B 项。答案：B 6(2011福建龙岩检测)I didnt attend the lecture yesterday.I_，either，if my mother hadnt reminded me.Awouldnt Bw
26、ouldnt have Cdidnt Dhadnt 解析：考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadnt reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用 should/would/could/mighthave done 结构，从选项中看只有 B 项合适(I wouldnt have 是I wouldnt have attended the lecture 的省略)。答案：B 7(2010南通二模)How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood?Next to nothing.I wish I_h
27、arder at English.Aworked Bhad worked Cwould work Dwere working 解析：考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去)更努力地学习英语了。答案：B 8(2010皖南八校第二次联考)Without the help of my English teacher，I_the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.Awould win Bwould have won Cwould not win Dwould not have won
28、解析：考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此 D 项符合题意。答案：D 9(2011长春第一次调研)It is required that the students_mobile phones in their school，so seldom_them using one.Ashould not use；you will see Bnot use；will you see Cmustnt use；will you
29、 see Dnot use；you will see 解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。英语中表示命令、建议或要求的动词或名词后面的从句中通常使用 should do 形式的虚拟语气，should 可以省略。seldom 是否定副词，位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序。答案：B 10.(2010日照二模)“If I_taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，”said the dying heroin addict.Adidnt start Bhavent started Chadnt started Dshouldnt start
30、解析：考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。答案：C 11.(2011福建检测)I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain.What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I_it.Awouldnt have missed Bwouldnt miss Cdidnt miss Dhadnt missed 解析：考查虚拟语气。从句为过去完成时，所以主句用would have done 结构。答案：A 12.(2010南通二模)Sorry i
31、ndeed，I_to your birthday party if.Forget it.I know you were out on business.Amust come Bwould come Cmust have come Dwould have come 解析：考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟，if 后面省略了过去完成时(补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构，因此选 D 项。答案：D 13.(2010合肥二模)Did you make it at l
32、ast?Yes.But for your help，it_a serious loss.Awould cause Bmust have caused Cwould have caused Dmay cause 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for.要不是。答案：C 14.(2011潍坊一模)How I wish I_my mouth before I shouted at my mum!Ashut Bhave shut Chad shut Dwould shut 解析：该题考查虚拟语气。wish 后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为
33、后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。答案：C 15.(2011东北三校联考)Why do you look so upset?I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I_more about her.Acare Bcared Chad cared Dhad been cared 解析：考查虚拟语气。If only 表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用 had done 的形式。因此，C 项正确。答案：C 备战 2014 高考英语精讲巧解分类攻克 14 虚拟语气 情况 从句 的动词 主句 的动
34、词 例句 与现 在事 实相反 动词的过去式(be动词一律用 were)would/could/should/might 动词原形 If I had time，I would attend your party.如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。If I saw him now，I would be very happy.如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。与过 去事 实相反 had过去 分词 would/could/should/mighthave过去分词 You didnt let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldnt have got s
35、o tired.你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。与将来 事实 相反 动词的过去式；should动词原形；were to动词原形 would/could/might/should动词原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。注意：(1)若条件句中有 were，had，should，可把 if 省略，而把 were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Had you taken my advice，you wou
36、ldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Without electricity(If there were no electr
37、icity)，life would be quite different today.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。1.(2010湖南卷)If h
38、e_my advice，he wouldnt have lost his job.Afollowed Bshould follow Chad followed Dwould follow 解析：句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为 if 条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。答案：C 2(2011厦门市质量检查)Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _late yesterday.Dont mention it.Ashould be Bwould be Cwill have been Dwoul
39、d have been 解析：考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词 would完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。答案：D 3(2011山东潍坊质检)_more careful，the mistake would not have been made.AIf he is BHad he been CShould he be DIf he has been 解析：从主句中的 would not have been made 可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用 had been 的形式，又因助动词为 had 时，可将 if 省掉，had 提前
40、，故 B 项正确。答案：B(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 坚持，prefer 宁愿，urge 主张，order 命令，recommend 推荐，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(
41、should)have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。(2)wish 后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或 were 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形 I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。1.(2010福建卷)Te
42、achers recommend parents_their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allow Bdo not allow Cmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow 解析：句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让 12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise 等表“建议、命令、要求”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略
43、。答案：A 2(2011山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.Awould be sent Bshould send Cbe sent Dmust be sent 解析：当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如 order，suggest，command 等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用 shoulddo，should 可以省略。order 后的同位语从句也用虚拟语气，故选 C 项。答案：C(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意
44、为“宁愿，但愿”。Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。(2)It is(high/about)time(that).句型中的虚拟语气 在句型“It is(high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气 在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could动词原形”表
45、示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没病该多好啊！1.(2010合肥第三次教学检测)Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs if BEven if CIf only DOnly if 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。
46、if only(但愿)接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。as if 好像，even if 即使，only if 只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。答案：C 2.(2011青岛一模)My uncle suggests I_abroad.I would rather you_at home.Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；stayed Dwent；stay 解析：suggest 当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。would rather 后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。答案：C 1(201
47、0浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy_.Awould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved 解析：句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略 if 可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓语动词应采用“wouldhave过去分词”的结构，故答案为 A 项。答案：A 2(2010陕西卷)If we_the other
48、 road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad taken Ctook Dhave taken 解析：句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语 might have arrived 可知 if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故 if 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。答案：B 3(2010北京卷)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would b
49、e much better now！And my vegetables_.Awouldnt die Bdidnt die Chadnt died Dwouldnt have died 解析：句意为：现在天气变得又热又干。是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中 If 引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是 would do，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择 D 项。答案：D 4(2009福建卷)But for the help of my Eng
50、lish teacher，I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为 B 项。答案：B 5.(2009浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a lar