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1、高中英语语法专题讲解附练习题 定语从句 一、简介:例：Mary is a shy college student in public.Mary is a college student,who is shy in public.a college student:先行词 who:引导词（关系词）1.引导词和先行词关系：同一、指代、大名小名。2.定义：从句修饰一个名词或代词（后置），起修饰或限制作用。任何从句一定要有引导词。引导词（关系词）要翻译成先行词。3.单句：六大句式结构都是单句。并列句：两个单句放在一起，中间用 and、but、or 连接。（注意：逗号不能连接两个并列的单句。）因此，上句
2、可改为 Mary is a college student,and she is shy in public.复合句：有主句、从句的句子。主句和从句相伴，从句不能独立存在。二、关系词的分类:关系词 词形 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 关系代词（6 个）who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语、表语 which 物或事 主语、宾语、表语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人或物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose=of whom/of which 人或物 定语 关系副词（3 个）when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 三、具体用法：(一)
3、关系代词：1.指人的：_、_、_.（主宾）（who、whom、that）1)The kid _ is sitting on the chair is my cousin.（who）2)The traffic policewoman _ you shook hands with just now is my niece.（who/whom/省略）注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略。A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。2.指物的：_、_.（主宾）（which、that）1)The hotel _ we checked in last
4、night is comfortable to stay in.（that/which/省略）2)The park _ was built up five years ago is only fifty meters away from my home.（which/that）总结：确定关系词的步骤 1）关系词一定能够放在定语从句中；2）找到这个位置；3）判定（在定语从句中）所做的成分：如果是主宾，则关系代词，再看指人还是指物；如果是状语，则关系副词，再看是时间、地点、还是原因；如果是定语，只能用 whose。难点：分清楚哪个是主句，哪个是从句。（1.明白意思是关键；2.句子结构）(二)关系副
5、词：_、_、_.（状语）（when、where、why）利用以上步骤总结，做下面的三组句子：1)I never forget the days _ I stayed with her.2)I never forget the days _ I spent studying abroad alone.3)The world _ we are living is peaceful.4)The world _ we are living in is peaceful.5)The reason _ he gave his boss is reasonable.6)The reason _ he was
6、 not present at the lecture is that he was ill.答案：1）when 2）that/which/省略 3）where 4）that/which/省略 5）that/which/省略 6）why 四、其他：1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：I have a younger brother who/that joined the army last year.(不止一个兄弟)I have a younger brother,who joined the army last year.（只有一个兄弟）区别：1）有逗号的是非限；2）非限中的先行词是独一无
7、二的；3）非限中不能用 that。2.介词+关系_词：（代）指人只用 whom；指物只用 which。The lady has three sons,two of _ are studying abroad.（whom）The lady has three sons,and two of _ are studying abroad.（them）Patience,without _ we cant do work well,is a good quality.（which）Rome was not built in a day.成功并非一朝一夕的事。3.whose：既可指物也可指人，只做定语。T
8、he elderly _ hair is gray is my father.（whose）The house _ windows face west is my home.（whose）所有格有两种：1）one s 所有格（my book）2）of 所有格（the book of mine），因此，whose 也可以 换成 of 所有格的形式：whose hair=the hair of _（介词+关系代词）（whom）whose windows=the windows of _（which）4.as 和 which（为什么放在一起？）1）都可指代整个句子的内容；2）as 句首、句中，whi
9、ch 只可句中；3）as 常翻译为“正如”，which 常翻译为“这件事、这一点”。The naughty kid fought against other kids,which made his father annoyed.Dont judge a book by its cover,as the old saying goes.5.三个词组：1）suchas.像一样（同一类）2）the sameas 像一样（同一类）3）the samethat 就是那一个的（同一个）He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去的那样是个傻瓜。I want to bu
10、y the same watch as you are wearing.我想买一块和你戴的一样的手表。I want to buy the same watch that you are wearing.我就想买你戴的那块手表。6.the way（为啥要单列出来讲解？）：1）做先行词；2）表“方式”；3）在定语从句中做状语。三个条件同时具备，其关系词用：that、in which、或省略，皆可。I dont like the way that/in which/省略 you treated me just now.五、与 which、who 相比，只用 that 的五种情况：1.先行词是不定代词
11、时。（什么是不定代词？举例说明）All that shines is not gold.（怎么翻译？）部分否定 注意：all、both 与 not 连用时是部分否定。其全部否定为：（all）none、（both）neither 2.先行词被 the only、the very（恰好的）、the last 修饰时。This is the only book that can be lent to you.This is the very house that I have been looking for.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。3.先行词
12、被序数词或最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London is the Kanghe Bridge.This is the most frightening movie that I have seen so far.4.先行词既是人又是物时。They talked about the teachers and affairs that they could remember at school.5.在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中。Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday?
13、Who is the girl that talked with you just now?翻译：Who is the girl?（姓名或者和你的关系）What is the girl?（职业）小试身手:1.He is the man _I saw yesterday.2.Do you know the girl _Japanese is excellent？3.This is the very book _I want.4.This is the book _you are looking for.5.Heres the little boy_ he is looking after.6.I
14、 earn only 1000 dollars a month,half of_ is spent on clothing.7.Yao Ming is a famous basketball star,_everybody knows.8.Beijing is the place_ I was born.9.I still remember the time _I first travelled by plane.10.I dont want to listen to any reason_ you were absent.11.This novel,_I have read three ti
15、mes,is very touching.12.I have an elder brother,_works in Beijing.13._we all know,she can speak three foreign languages.14.I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party,most of _are from abroad.15.Everything _they said was true.16.This is the most interesting story_ I have ever read.17.The year_ the earthquake happened was 1976.18.She described in her compositions the people and places_ impressed her most.19.He lives in a room _ window faces south.20.He lives in Beijing,_is about five hours ride from here.